Optical Rehabilitation Remedies for a Patient with Keratoconus and Esophoria With Biochemical Aspects

Document Type : Review Articles

Authors

1 Consultant Optometrist, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia

2 General physician, , Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia

3 Optometrist, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Keratoconus and esophoria are eye disorders associated with eye alignment that affect children and teenagers. However, keratoconus may not be noticed at a tender age, while esophoria can be identified early in childhood. Keratoconus results from corneal thinning and gradual outward swelling, forming a cone-like shape. Biochemically, this condition is linked to changes in the extracellular matrix, including collagen degradation and altered oxidative stress levels, which weaken the corneal structure. Esophoria is associated with weak eye muscles that cause the eye to turn inward. This misalignment is influenced by disruptions in neurotransmitter signaling and neuromuscular coordination, which affect the convergence process. Individuals with esophoria may not easily notice the condition, as the eyes appear to work together until the fusion, or binocular vision, between the two eyes is broken.

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Volume 67, Issue 13 - Serial Number 13
In Loving Memory of Late Professor Doctor ””Mohamed Refaat Hussein Mahran””
December 2024
Pages 1887-1890
  • Receive Date: 18 December 2024
  • Revise Date: 28 December 2024
  • Accept Date: 31 December 2024