Document Type : Review Articles
Authors
1
Riyadh First Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia
2
Riyadh First Health Cluster - Al Muzahmiyah General Hospital, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia
3
ALBIRK General Hospital, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia
4
Jazan Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia
5
Jazan South Sector, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia
6
First Health Cluster Al-Hazm Health Center, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia
7
Public health department, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia
8
Epidemiology technician, Al-Bahah, Al-Makhwa General Hospital, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia
9
Qassim Health Cluster Alrabieia, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia
10
ElDar Elbedaa Second Health Center, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia
11
Al-Qababneh Health Center, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia
12
Jeddah Second Health Cluster, Health control center at King Abdulaziz, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia
13
Second Health Cluster in Riyadh, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia
14
Riyadh Second Health Cluster -Hotat Sudair Hospital, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia
15
Imam Abdul Rahman Al-Faisal Hospital, Medical Sterilization Specialist, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia
Abstract
Background: Vector-borne diseases (VBDs) pose significant public health challenges worldwide, especially in the context of climate change, which exacerbates their distribution and incidence. VBDs, including malaria, dengue, and Zika virus, disproportionately affect vulnerable populations in low- and middle-income countries.
Aim: This systematic review aims to assess the current evidence on the impact of climate change on the distribution, incidence, and control strategies for VBDs, highlighting disparities in vulnerability across global regions.
Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, using keywords related to climate change, vector-borne diseases, and public health. Studies published from 2000 to 2024 were included, focusing on both global and local perspectives of VBDs, with particular attention to climate-related factors influencing their transmission dynamics.
Results: The review identified a significant correlation between climate change variables, such as temperature and precipitation, and the distribution of VBDs. Globally, diseases like malaria and dengue have expanded their range due to warmer temperatures and altered precipitation patterns, leading to longer transmission seasons. Locally, specific regions, particularly in tropical and subtropical zones, face heightened vulnerability due to socioeconomic factors and inadequate public health infrastructure. Climate change exacerbates existing health disparities, disproportionately affecting marginalized communities that are least equipped to respond to VBD outbreaks. Control measures, including vector management and community health initiatives, have shown variable effectiveness, often limited by resource availability and regional environmental conditions.
Conclusion: This review underscores the urgent need for integrated climate and health strategies to mitigate the impact of climate change on VBDs. Addressing these challenges requires a multifaceted approach that considers local context, promotes equity in health interventions, and enhances preparedness for emerging health threats
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