Document Type : Review Articles
Authors
1
Ministry of Health / Riyadh Second Health Cluster - Health Promotions Department, Saudi Arabia
2
Master of Public Health Nutrition, Eastern Kentucky University
3
Ministry Of Health Branch in Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia
4
Medical Laboratory Technician, Hospital/Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Saudi Arabia
5
Nurse Technician, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia
6
Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia
7
Technician Pharmacy, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
8
Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Saudi Arabia
9
Ministry of Excellence Services, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Saudi Arabia.
Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD), including atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), represents a major health burden globally. ASCVD involves conditions like coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral artery disease, influenced by a range of modifiable risk factors. The American Heart Association's "Life’s Essential 8" guidelines address key metrics for reducing ASCVD risk through lifestyle interventions.
Aim: This article aims to review the impact of lifestyle interventions on ASCVD risk and hypertension management, emphasizing dietary patterns, physical activity, and other behavioral modifications.
Methods: A comprehensive review was conducted focusing on the influence of lifestyle changes on ASCVD and hypertension. Key metrics from the AHA's "Life’s Essential 8" were evaluated, including dietary habits, physical activity, nicotine exposure, sleep health, body weight, blood lipids, glucose, and blood pressure. The review synthesizes data from epidemiological studies and guidelines to assess the effectiveness of these interventions.
Results: Adhering to the "Life’s Essential 8" guidelines significantly reduces ASCVD risk and improves cardiovascular health. Key findings include the effectiveness of healthy dietary patterns (e.g., Mediterranean or DASH diets), regular physical activity, smoking cessation, adequate sleep, and maintaining optimal body weight and blood pressure. Lifestyle modifications are crucial for managing hypertension and preventing its onset, with evidence supporting their benefits both independently and in conjunction with pharmacological treatments.
Conclusion: Lifestyle interventions are essential in mitigating ASCVD and hypertension risks. The "Life’s Essential 8" guidelines provide a structured approach to improving cardiovascular health through modifiable behaviors. Adopting these lifestyle changes offers substantial benefits in reducing ASCVD risk and managing hypertension, highlighting the importance of preventive strategies in cardiovascular care.
Keywords
Main Subjects
)
View on SCiNiTO