Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering at modern University of technology and information , Cairo, Egypt
2
Shubra faculty of engineering, benha unvisersity . Rod Al Farag Street, Shubra, Cairo, Egypt
3
Lecurer of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering at Shoubra Faculty of Engineering, Benha Univeristy
Abstract
Recently, as a result of water poverty and the economic conditions that the world is experiencing, the world has turned to using low-cost methods to solve the wastewater treatment problems, which are very important for preserving the environment and human health. On one hand, the study is aimed to use natural materials such as sawdust and sugarcane bagasse (SCB), which are environmentally friendly and low cost. In addition to determining the optimum depth for maximizing the qualities of treated wastewater for irrigation purposes, according to the Egyptian Code for the Use of Treated Wastewater in Agriculture and Egyptian law 48, grade A, water will be used to maintain green landscapes at educational institutions, public and private parks, and fresh fruit crops that can be eaten without peeling. At Zenin wastewater treatment plant, low-cost adsorbents were tested in two identical filters. Using different depth of sawdust media layers, biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total suspended solids (TSS) were significantly reduced. Using thicknesses of 20 cm, 30 cm, and 40 cm, respectively, BOD decreased by 65.65%, 70.9%, and 73.61%. The COD decreased by 55.07%, 69.96%, and 76.6%. The TSS reduces by 59.4%, 66.6%, and 77.14% respectively. It has been shown that sawdust can effectively remove organic and suspended solids from wastewater when used as an adsorbent in filters. Sugarcane bagasse also demonstrated great result when used as an adsorbent that BOD decreased by 52.25, 56.99%, and 58.82% at depths of 20 cm, 30 cm, and 40 cm, respectively, whereas COD decreased by 51.2%, 56.89%, and 60.64% respectively. The reductions in TSS, 43.93%, and 75% with the respective depths were observed. After selecting the best material and optimum depth for adsorption, sawdust was tested at 40 cm which shows a reduction in BOD by 82.73%, COD by 84.58%, and TSS by 88.235%, there were also reductions in ammonia (NH3), nitrate (NO3), oil, and grease with removal efficiency of 11.6%, 60.27%, and 83.1%, respectively.
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