Chemical properties of drinking water recovered through the application of Pressure Management Activities in Egypt

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Dept. of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

2 GEOLOGY, NATIONAL RESEARCH CENTER

3 Water Research & Pollution Control Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt

4 Water Pollution Control Dep., National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt

Abstract

In the context of bridging the gap between supply and demand in Egypt, this study originated with the aim of Non-Revenue Water "NRW" reduction of networks, by Pressure Management Activities "PMAs", where a District Metered Area "DMA" in Armant in Luxor was considered. This was achieved by inspecting the previous studies in the domain of water loss reduction techniques. In addition, site visits were undertaken; data was assembled; measurements were carried out. The assembled data and measurements were analyzed, from which a complete data picture of the area was perceived. Moreover, a hydraulic model "GEMS" was tooled to simulate the losses in cases with and without PMAs or Pressure Relief Valves "PRV". Results were obtained and contrasted, showing that PMAs reduce losses by 25%. The results showed that the chloride level was 22 mg/l. the total and fecal coliform counts were reduced from 9.2 X 102 and 6.9 X 102 to <1 MPN/100 ml. The treated water was found to be complying with the National regulatory standards for drinking water. The research work recommended that PMAs are efficient for NRW reduction. Moreover, the results emphasized that PMA is a suitable means of saving treated water quantities and costs to serve customers, as it is a suitable substitute for Water Treatment Plants "WTPs".

Keywords

Main Subjects

Egyptian Journal of Chemistry
Volume 66, Issue 13 - Serial Number 13
Special Issue: Applied Chemistry for Greener Life and Sustainability
December 2023
Pages 1945-1954

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History

  • Receive Date: 28 June 2023
  • Revise Date: 05 August 2023
  • Accept Date: 22 August 2023

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