Biofuel Production From Palm Oil Mill Effluent Through Hydrocracking Using Natural Zeolite-Supported Transition Metal Oxide Catalyst

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Politeknik Teknologi Kimia Industri, Medan 20228, Indonesia

2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Medan, Jl.Willem Iskandar Pasar V Medan Estate, Medan 20221, Indonesia

3 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Medan, Jl. Willem Iskandar Pasar V Medan Estate, Medan 20221, Indonesia

Abstract

Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is a liquid waste from the processing of crude palm oil (CPO) which has not been utilized optimally. Oil extraction from POME resulted in an oil yield of 9923 mg/L. The residual oil from POME can be converted into fuel through catalytic hydrocracking with heterogeneous catalysts such as zeolite. The natural zeolite catalyst used in this research is Sarulla natural zeolite (SNZ) from North Sumatera, Indonesia. SNZ was activated with mineral acids and then loaded with PbO and ZnO metal oxides. The surface morphology of the catalysts was quite homogeneous with fine particle sizes of 1-2 µm. The surface areas of PbO/SNZ and ZnO/SNZ catalysts were 81.9 and 58.5 m2/g, with pore diameters of 3.09 and 3.58 nm, respectively. The obtained biofuel has a conversion to the liquid product of 40-44% obtained from POME catalyzed with a mass catalyst of 0.15 wt.%. The liquid product catalyzed by PbO/SNZ was more selective towards the gasoline fraction with a selectivity of 22-30%. Meanwhile, ZnO/SNZ 0.15 wt.% catalyzed produced more kerosene fraction with the highest selectivity of 52%. The highest HHV of biofuel (44.2 MJ/kg) was obtained from the liquid product catalyzed by ZnO/SNZ 0.12 wt.%.

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Egyptian Journal of Chemistry
Volume 66, Issue 13 - Serial Number 13
Special Issue: Applied Chemistry for Greener Life and Sustainability
December 2023
Pages 347-358

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History

  • Receive Date: 16 December 2022
  • Revise Date: 15 March 2023
  • Accept Date: 10 April 2023

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