Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1
Mammalian & Aquatic Toxicology Department, Central Agriculture Pesticides Laboratory (CAPL), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), 12618-Dokki-Giza, Egypt.
2
Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Alexandria, Egypt.
3
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
4
Mammalian & Aquatic Toxicology Department, Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory (CAPL), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), 12618-Dokki, Giza, Egypt
Abstract
There are many benefits to mix pesticides including controlling a broad spectrum of pest species and overcoming the phenomenon of insect resistance to the action of pesticides. Two field experiments were conducted during 2019 and 2020 seasons, at Alwakeel village, El-Beheira Governorate, Egypt to investigate the efficacy of abamectin + thiamethoxam mixture (AB+THIA) against the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci. The mixture gave high reduction of whiteflies, where general means of initial and residual reduction percentage of adult stages were 83.3, 87.1% and 84.1%, 86.1% during 2019 and 2020, respectively. It recorded 85.4, 86.4% and 89.8, 87.8% of immature stages during 2019 and 2020, respectively. Recognized method, Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) was conducted to extract and clean-up tomato fruits and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to quantify AB and THIA residue levels. They were below the maximum residue level (MRL). For toxicological studies, AB+THIA at MRL were administered on male Spargue Dewaly rats twice a week orally treated with mixture for 4 weeks. The results obtained that activities of serum aspartate aminotransferases (AST), alanine aminotransferases (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and gamma glutamyl transferase (GT) and levels of uric acid, creatinine and urea significantly increased in the treated rats, respect to their controls. Mixture of AB+THIA triggered histopathological defects in liver and kidney sections of male rats. The present findings suggest that AB+THIA mixture could be used as an effective formulation for whitefly management with following the safety guidelines of pesticides usage and choosing the appropriate time for plant harvest to avoid as possible the harmful effects of pesticides.
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