Squalene is a potential hypothyroidism modulator: a study of its effect on the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway in potassium dichromate induced hypothyroidism model in rats.

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo Egypt.

2 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan Uuniversity, Helwan Egypt

3 Department of Pharmacology, National research centre, Dokki Egypt

Abstract

Background: Assessing the pharmacological effect of squalene alone and in combination with vitamin E, and their antioxidant activity against the hypothyroidism induced by potassium dichromate, via mechanistically studying Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway and their cyto-protective effects. Materials and methods: Seventy male albino rats were divided into seven groups (n=10), received the following orally on daily basis for 4 weeks, group I as negative control group receiving only saline, group II received squalene only 0.4 ml/day/rat, group III received vitamin E only (250 mg/kg), group IV was the positive control group receiving potassium dichromate only (2.5 mg/kg). Group V received potassium dichromate and squalene, group VI received potassium dichromate and vitamin E, while the last group received combination of all three together. Results: groups treated with squalene and/or vitamin E showed a great help in modulating the damaging effect of potassium dichromate on thyroid gland, this as proved by elevation of Nrf2, T3, T4, reduced GSH, as well as reduction of KEAP 1, TNF-α, IL-6, TSH, MDA and NO when compared to positive control group.

Conclusion: Squalene and vitamin E help in reversing the condition of hypothyroidism and managing its progression by directly interacting with the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway in the thyroid gland.

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History

  • Receive Date: 07 March 2022
  • Revise Date: 20 April 2022
  • Accept Date: 26 April 2022

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