Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1
Center of research and applied studies for climate change and sustainable development, Water Pollution Research Department, CEAS, National Research Centre(NRC), 33 El Bohouth st. (former El Tahrir st.), Dokki, Giza, Egypt, P. O.12622.
2
Marine Science Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
3
Cell Biology Department Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division ,National Research Centre , Dokki,Giza
4
Plant Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El Bohouth st. (former El Tahrir st.), Dokki, Giza, Egypt, P. O.12622
5
Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El Bohouth st. (Former El Tahrir st.), Dokki, Giza, Egypt, P. O.12622
6
Water Pollution Research Dept., Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre , Dokki , Giza
Abstract
Pollution of lakes and seas in Egypt become a severe problem as it produces a lot of wastes and toxic chemicals. The water pollution induces a lot of endocrine disruptions in aquatic organisms. Several endocrine organs are influencing by pollution such as testes, ovaries, pituitary, hypothalamus, thyroid, and adrenal organs. Propositions of upsetting endocrine chemicals (EDCs) can meddle with fish larval advancement affecting the delicate balance of the biological ecosystem. Endocrine disruption effects on reproductive cycles may affect reproductive behaviour and the development of secondary sexual characteristics. So the main objective of this research is to use marine algae, Dunaliella salina, extract in fish immunity enhancement against pollutants. Nile tilapia fish were exposed to Dioxin (as the main pollutant in the Egyptian environment) after feeding on algae extracts for one month. The results revealed that Dunaliella salina was able to protect the fish against pollution as it enhances the immune capability of Nile tilapia fish due to increase the levels of the antioxidant enzymes and decrease the protein oxidation.
Additionally, Dunaliella salina extract was able to decrease the alteration in the expression of genes encoding endocrine hormones such as LH and FSH in the pituitary of Nile tilapia exposed to Dioxin in comparison to control fish. Moreover, the Dunaliella salina extract decreased significantly the DNA damage in brain tissues of Nile tilapia exposed to Dioxin compared with control fish. The results conclude that Dunaliella salina could be used as ameliorative compounds against toxicity of Dioxin.
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