Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1
Head of department of Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics,Division of Pharmaceutical Industries,National Research Center, El Buhouth st., Dokki Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
2
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
3
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sebha University, Sebha, Libya
4
Department of Therapeutic Chemistry; National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
Abstract
As of late a great deal of studies have been led to distinguish regular mixes for counteractive action of the advancement and repeat of malignant growths. The present investigation went for investigating the auxiliary metabolites substance of Pistacia atlantica Desf. (Anacardiaceae) leaves extracts and surveying their cytotoxic activity towards some malignant growth cell lines. In addition, the defensive impact of aqueous methanol and ethyl acetate extracts towards the CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in rodents was explored. Novel components isolation was done utilizing customary chromatographic systems. The structures of the novel components were clarified dependent on the UV, NMR spectral data information alongside their mass-spectrometric investigations.
The ethyl acetate extract of P. atlantica leaves contains a complicated mixture of phenolic acids and gallotannines, were elucidated for the first time from this plant , including polyphenolic acid; ellagic acid (1); 3,3’- dimethoxyellagicacid (2) and gallotannines, namely: 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-4C1-glucopyranose (3); 1,6-digalloylglucopyranose (4) ;1,3-digalloyl glucopyranose (5); 2,3-digalloyl-glucopyranose,nilocitin (6) ;2,3,6-trigalloylglucopyranose (7) and 2,3-di-O-galloyl-4,6-O-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-(/)-4C1-glucopyranose, (8) .
The identification of isolated compounds by conventional methods, spectroscopic analysis, including 1D-NMR , 2D-NMR, ESIMS and HRESI mass as well. The search for novel, potentially biologically active extract becomes much more efficient after identification of all compounds in that mixture.
In vitro cytotoxic activity of methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of Pistacia atlantica and resulted new compounds on four human cancer cell lines to be specific: Colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (Caco-2 cell line), Prostate carcinoma cell line ( PC3 cell line), hepatocellular carcinoma (HEPG2), Caucasian bosom adenocarcinoma (MCF-7). SRB assay was used to measure the potential cytotoxicity.
The ethyl acetate extract showed a higher cytotoxicity to Caco-2 cell line with IC50 = 3.38 µg/ml and PC3 cell line with IC50=14.3 µg/ml. Furthermore, the methanol extract was least cytotoxic to normal cell lines. The strong cytotoxic potential was observed in pure compound pentagalloyl glucopyranose (3) to all three cancer cell lines (HEPG2, Caco-2, MCF-7) , IC50 of HEPG2 value = 4.5 µg/ml. the IC50 for Caco-2 was 11 µg/ml. and MCF7, IC50=13.5 µg/ml. as well , in comparison with pure compounds (4,7,8). The growth inhibition of 50% (IC50) for each extract was calculated from the optical density of treated and untreated cells.
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