Effect of Lipids and Obesity on Blood Glucose Level: The Connection Between Obesity and Diabetes-A Review

Document Type : Review Articles

Authors

1 General Administration of medical services, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

2 National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Background: Obesity is a primary modifiable risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D), driven by pathophysiological mechanisms like insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. The global rise in obesity has correspondingly increased the prevalence of T2D, making its management a critical public health issue.

Aim: This review synthesizes evidence on the connection between obesity and T2D, evaluating the efficacy of structured management strategies—including lifestyle interventions, pharmacotherapy, and metabolic surgery—for prevention, treatment, and remission.

Methods: A comprehensive review of clinical trials, consensus guidelines (e.g., from the American Diabetes Association and the Second Diabetes Surgery Summit), and long-term studies was conducted. Data on weight loss, glycemic control (HbA1c), and diabetes remission rates across different interventions were analyzed.

Results: Intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) can achieve >5% weight loss and reduce diabetes incidence by over 50%. Pharmacological agents like semaglutide and tirzepatide demonstrate 15-20% weight reduction. Metabolic surgery is the most effective intervention, with HbA1c reductions of ~2% and T2D remission rates of 30-60% over 1-5 years, proving cost-effective in the long term.

Conclusion: A multifaceted, guideline-directed approach is essential. ILI is the cornerstone, with pharmacotherapy and surgery providing powerful adjuncts for eligible patients. An interprofessional team is crucial for implementing these tiered strategies to reduce the burden of obesity-related diabetes.

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Egyptian Journal of Chemistry
Volume 68, Issue 13 - Serial Number 13
(In Loving Memory of Late Professor Doctor”Zeinab M. Nofal” In progress
December 2025
Pages 607-617

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History

  • Receive Date: 17 June 2025
  • Revise Date: 27 August 2025
  • Accept Date: 05 September 2025

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