Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1
6th of October City Authority, New Urban Communities Authority, Ministry of Housing and Utilities, P.O. 12573, Giza, Egypt
2
Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azher University.P.O. 11884, Nasr City Cairo, Egypt
3
Animal Physiology Research, Desert Research Center, P.O. 11753, Cairo, Egypt
4
National Research Centre, Water Pollution Research Department, El Buhous St., P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
Abstract
Mechanical wastewater from dairy plants contains high concentrations of natural toxins that are harmful to the environment. Dairy plant pollution is characterized by high levels of natural substances, which represent a major source of chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, total suspended solids, and total organic carbon. Using spray-drying technology, this study formulated a novel strategy for extracting protein and nutrients from dairy plant sludge. A comparison was made between conventional organic processing and protein drying using animal feed by-products as an alternative to conventional proteins. The process of spray drying represents an established physicochemical methodology for the transformation of liquid-state solutions into fine powders, and droplets are heated with hot air, which leads to rapid water evaporation. Thus, the spray-drying method offers low waste with a conservative yield, resulting in the removal of contaminants in large mechanical filter units. The results showed that the treated effluent of the dry system complies with wastewater limits. The dry system effectively removes chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, total suspended solids, and total organic carbon. Furthermore, the dry milk powder was analyzed and evaluated, and it met international standard limits for buttermilk powder. Animals reuse the buttermilk powder due to its high protein content. The results of the analysis of the buttermilk powder showed the presence of protein, lactose, starch, fat, and moisture (34-37, 49.5-52, 0.6-8.6, 0.6-1.25, and 3.0-4.0%), each separately.
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