Aging is a complex, universal biological process involving gradual degradation of function across all organ systems, driven by the growing molecular and cellular damage from a variety of stressors. This review connects recent advances in the molecular, cellular, and systemic aspects of aging and their central role in the pathogenesis of age-related diseases like Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), heart failure (HF), atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The principal molecular signatures of aging—genomic instability, telomere loss, epigenetic reprogramming, loss of proteostasis, autophagy impairment, mitochondrial dysfunction, and altered nutrient sensing—are covered in some detail. Cell processes, such as senescence and stem cell depletion, and systemic processes, such as hyperactive intercellular communication, are considered as well. Mechanistic crosstalk and disease inception are described, with new approaches, such as senolytics, gene therapy, and lifestyle intervention, with which to target aging and with it its accompanying pathologies. By integrating advances from high-throughput omics approaches and promising latest advances in therapeutics, this manuscript represents the primary unifying framework for advancing understanding of aging and improving the translation of longevity-promoting interventions.
Al-Hamdan, S. A., Alharbi, A. S., Alfaifi, T. Y., Al Durgham, S. M., Alahmary, S. M. A., Alanazi, B. A., Alqarawi, H. N., Alsuhaibani, S., Alharbi, H. M., Aldwsari, B., Bin Hassan, M. A., & Thallami, A. S. A. (2025). Biochemical Pathways in Aging and Longevity: Review of Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications. Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 68(12), 21-27. doi: 10.21608/ejchem.2025.363561.11363
MLA
Saud Abdullah Al-Hamdan; Amirah Senaitan Alharbi; Turki Yahya Alfaifi; Saba Mohammed Al Durgham; Sarah Mohammed Ali Alahmary; Basma Ayed Alanazi; Hanan Nasser Alqarawi; Saleh I Alsuhaibani; Hailah Musaad Alharbi; Bandr Aldwsari; Majed A. Bin Hassan; Asmahan Shoei Ahmed Thallami. "Biochemical Pathways in Aging and Longevity: Review of Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications", Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 68, 12, 2025, 21-27. doi: 10.21608/ejchem.2025.363561.11363
HARVARD
Al-Hamdan, S. A., Alharbi, A. S., Alfaifi, T. Y., Al Durgham, S. M., Alahmary, S. M. A., Alanazi, B. A., Alqarawi, H. N., Alsuhaibani, S., Alharbi, H. M., Aldwsari, B., Bin Hassan, M. A., Thallami, A. S. A. (2025). 'Biochemical Pathways in Aging and Longevity: Review of Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications', Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 68(12), pp. 21-27. doi: 10.21608/ejchem.2025.363561.11363
VANCOUVER
Al-Hamdan, S. A., Alharbi, A. S., Alfaifi, T. Y., Al Durgham, S. M., Alahmary, S. M. A., Alanazi, B. A., Alqarawi, H. N., Alsuhaibani, S., Alharbi, H. M., Aldwsari, B., Bin Hassan, M. A., Thallami, A. S. A. Biochemical Pathways in Aging and Longevity: Review of Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications. Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 2025; 68(12): 21-27. doi: 10.21608/ejchem.2025.363561.11363
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