Document Type : Review Articles
Authors
1
Egyptian Company for Biological & Pharmaceutical Industries (Vaccine Valley), 6th October City, 12511, Giza, Egypt.,
2
Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, 12618, Egypt.,
3
Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt.
4
Physical Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
5
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt.
Abstract
Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD), caused by the Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV), is a highly contagious and economically significant disease affecting poultry worldwide. The disease is characterized by high morbidity rates, variable mortality, and severe impacts on flock productivity. The emergence of very virulent (vvIBDV) and novel variant strains has heightened the complexity of its epidemiology, challenging traditional control measures and vaccination strategies. Since its initial identification in Gumboro, Delaware, in 1962, IBDV has evolved, spreading across continents and generating diverse strains, including recombinant and reassortant forms. These evolutionary dynamics, coupled with the virus’s ability to evade maternal and vaccine-induced immunity, underscore the pressing need for innovative approaches to disease management. This review provides a comprehensive overview of IBDV, focusing on its etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and control strategies. Recent advancements in understanding the virus's evolutionary patterns and the development of novel vaccines are highlighted. Additionally, the review explores the challenges posed by hyper-virulent and variant strains, emphasizing the importance of integrating molecular and epidemiological data to inform effective interventions. By enhancing our knowledge of IBDV, this work aims to support the development of sustainable solutions for mitigating its impact on poultry health, ensuring the productivity and resilience of the global poultry industry.
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