Gallic Acid and its Derivatives: A Review of their Antioxidant Properties and Applications for Fossil Fuel Preservation

Nasser, Rabab M.; Elebiary, Nora A.; Alomari, Khadra B.

doi:10.21608/ejchem.2025.357652.11253

Gallic Acid and its Derivatives: A Review of their Antioxidant Properties and Applications for Fossil Fuel Preservation

Articles in Press

Document Type : Review Articles

Authors

Department of Physical Science, Chemistry Division, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box. 114, Jazan 45142, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

10.21608/ejchem.2025.357652.11253

Abstract

For many industrial and home applications, fossil fuels serve as the primary energy source. They are, however, prone to oxidative breakdown when exposed to air, light, heat, and metal catalysts, which results in the development of dangerous compounds such gums, sediments, acids, and peroxides. These products have the potential to negatively impact fuel quality, performance, and storage stability. Effective antioxidants that can neutralize free radicals and prevent oxidation are therefore required. Because of its capacity to donate hydrogen atoms and create stable radicals, gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid) is a naturally occurring phenolic molecule with considerable antioxidant activity. Gallic acid and its derivatives have received a lot of attention for their potential use as antioxidants in a variety of industries, including food, cosmetics, medicine, and biotechnology. Gallic acid and its derivatives' chemistry, biology, and production, as well as their antioxidant mechanisms and uses for preserving fossil fuels, are all covered in this review. We also go over the benefits and drawbacks of using these substances as fossil fuel antioxidants, and we highlight the difficulties that now face their development and optimization as well as the potential that lie ahead.

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