Bile Tract Emergencies: An Updated Data for Emergency Healthcare Professionals, Nursing, and Clinical Pathologists

Alanazi, Nasser Owaid; Alharbi, Fayez Suliman; Almotairi, Mohammed Monawer H.; Almutairi, Muneer Shudayyid Muneer; Alotaibi, Nawaf Hamad Nazal; Alshehri, Othman Mohammed Z; Haldhafeerl, Maryam Awwad; Alkhaibari, Nada Ali; Alwahbi, Khalaf Naif; Alharbi, Naif Lafi Salem; Almutairi, Fahad Mohammed; Alshammari, Muteb Alhumaidy; Alharbi, Waleed Snaid; Nahari, Megdad Hassan Ali; Shrahili, Ali Yahya

doi:10.21608/ejchem.2025.344788.10993

Bile Tract Emergencies: An Updated Data for Emergency Healthcare Professionals, Nursing, and Clinical Pathologists

Document Type : Review Articles

Authors

¹ Armed Forces Hospital in Al Kharj, Ministry of Defense, Saudi Arabia

² Qassim armed forces hospital, Ministry of Defense, Saudi Arabia

³ Prince Sultan Air Base, Al-Kharj, Ministry of Defense, Saudi Arabia

⁴ Armed Forces Medical Services, Ministry of Defense, Saudi Arabia

⁵ Northern Area Armed forces Hospital, Ministry of Defense, Saudi Arabia

⁶ Armed forces hospital southern region, Ministry of Defense, Saudi Arabia

⁷ Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Ministry of Defense, Saudi Arabia

10.21608/ejchem.2025.344788.10993

Abstract

Background: Gallbladder disease, including acute cholecystitis (AC) and biliary colic, is a common condition that primarily affects women, especially during pregnancy. It is influenced by various factors, including hormonal changes, multiparity, and obesity, which contribute to gallstone formation and complications. The prevalence of gallstones varies across regions and populations, with higher rates observed among certain ethnic groups and during pregnancy.

Aim: The aim of this study is to provide an updated overview of gallbladder-related emergencies, including the epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, and clinical management, particularly focusing on emergency healthcare professionals, nurses, and clinical pathologists.

Methods: A review of current literature and clinical data was conducted to analyze the incidence, risk factors, pathogenesis, and clinical presentation of gallbladder disease, with a particular emphasis on pregnant women. The role of hormones such as estrogen and progesterone in gallstone formation and the effects of insulin resistance were also explored.

Results: Gallstones are more common in women, particularly during pregnancy, with incidence rates increasing with multiparity and obesity. Hormonal changes, especially elevated estrogen levels, contribute to gallstone formation, while insulin resistance further exacerbates the risk. The study also found that gallbladder disease in pregnancy may remain asymptomatic but can progress to acute cholecystitis, pancreatitis, or cholangitis, often requiring surgical intervention.

Conclusion: Gallbladder disease remains a significant health issue, particularly in pregnant women, and requires prompt diagnosis and management. Emergency healthcare professionals, including nurses and clinical pathologists, should be aware of the risk factors and clinical manifestations to provide effective care and reduce complications. Preventive measures, including lifestyle changes and careful monitoring in high-risk populations, are essential for managing this condition

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