Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1
Department of Plant Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo 12622, Egypt.
2
Department of Plant Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo, Egypt.
3
Department of Plant Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo 12622, Egypt. Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, 101 Kasr El Ainy St. Kasr El Ainy, Cairo 11516, Egypt.
Abstract
The impact of different doses (0, 100, 200, and 300 mg/l) of chlorocholine chloride (CCC) on the phenolic compounds content and the fresh weight of Gardenia jasminoides (Variegata and Ellis) shoot cultures throughout three harvests (10, 20 and 30 days) were studied. The analysis revealed that the chlorogenic acid, vanillic acid, dihydrokampferol, rutin, and rosmarinic are the dominant phenolic compounds in the shoot cultures of both sub-species. These bioactive compounds were discovered in significant quantities across various treatments. The presence of 300 mg/l CCC clearly resulted in the significant accumulation of phenolic compounds in the shoot cultures of G. jasminoides Variegata. The second harvest of this treatment yielded the highest amount of chlorogenic acid 59.1±0.04 mg/g dry weight. However, in the third harvest, the chlorogenic acid disappeared and was replaced by other phenolic compounds such as rutin, dihydrokampferol, and vanillic acid which suggest that the phenolic acid pathway was shifted to produce another phenolic compound with time, the quantities of these compounds recorded 54.8±0.06, 43.9±0.05, 25.5±0.1, and 1.2±0.1 mg/g dry weight, respectively, under the same treatment. The bioactive phenolic compounds content of G. jasminoides Ellis shoots are higher than that of G. jasminoides Variegata. The addition of 200mg/l CCC to the control medium resulted in the presence of significant levels of phenolic compounds. Specifically, the extracts of G. jasminoides Ellis shoots cultured on the control medium supplemented with 200mg/l CCC showed the highest concentrations of chlorogenic acid, dihydrokampferol, and rutin at the second harvest (255.7±.0.3, 110.3±0.2, and 98.5±0.5 mg/g dry weight, respectively). The phenolic compounds pathway in Gardenia jasminoides (Variegata and Ellis) shoots cultures was investigated in order to declare the results obtained. Also, it could be noticed that, the shoot cultures of G. jasminoides Variegata which produce smaller amounts of chlorogenic acid and other secondary metabolites in their extracts compared to the extracts from shoot cultures of G. jasminnoides Ellis. Simultaneously, the G. jasminoides Variegata typically exhibits greater fresh weights compared to the G. jasminoides Ellis. This suggests that the shoot cultures of G. jasminoides Variegata are more resilient to the stress induced by CCC treatments than the shoot cultures of G. jasminoides Ellis.
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