Document Type : Review Articles
Authors
1
Spinning and Weaving Department, Faculty of Applied Arts, Helwan University, Egypt.
2
Spinning and Weaving Engineering Department, Textile Research and Technology Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt, P.O.12622.
3
Textile Engineering Department, Faculty of Applied Arts, Badr University, Egypt
Abstract
Environmental concerns about water scarcity are among the world's most pressing issues, and with the rising population and effects of climate change, water demands have increased dramatically. Significant efforts are being made to find new sustainable and renewable sources of fresh water due to the lack of natural resources, such as rivers, lakes, and groundwater. Water harvesting techniques have emerged as promising solutions to address the water scarcity crisis in arid and semi-arid regions worldwide. Nature has inspired researchers to design water harvesters by mimicking the mechanisms that desert plants and animals use to collect water droplets. Technical textiles designed with specific materials, various structures, and surface functionalities have shown great success for water harvesting systems, due to their high surface area, versatile properties, and effectiveness in capturing water droplets. This paper provides an overview of the recent technologies used in water harvesting systems, highlighting the integration of textile materials and their efficiency in water harvesting. Several techniques are being implemented to find sustainable water resources such as seawater distillation, rainwater harvesting (RWH), and atmospheric water harvesting (AWH), which includes harvesting water from fog and dew. Advanced functionalization strategies used to enhance water harvesting performance such as fabric surface modification and nanostructured coatings are also addressed. By presenting the recent findings and technological advances in this field, the paper offers valuable insights into the development of sustainable and cost-effective textile-based water harvesting systems seeking to widen their applications in domestic and international sites.
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