Biochemical Evaluation of Asymmetric and Symmetric Dimethylarginine in Obese Middle-Aged Women as anEarly Predictor of Cardiovascular and Renal Diseases: The Effect of Dietary Intervention

Moaty, Maha A; El Shebini, Salwa M.; Essa, Hend A.; Hussein, Ahmed S; Ahmed, Nihad H.

doi:10.21608/ejchem.2024.288740.9697

Biochemical Evaluation of Asymmetric and Symmetric Dimethylarginine in Obese Middle-Aged Women as anEarly Predictor of Cardiovascular and Renal Diseases: The Effect of Dietary Intervention

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

¹ Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.

² Food Technology Dept., National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt

³ Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt

10.21608/ejchem.2024.288740.9697

Abstract

Asymmetric dimethyl-L-arginine (ADMA) and symmetric dimethyl-L-arginine (SDMA) are arginine analogues with direct and indirect impacts on nitric oxide synthesis and endothelial dysfunction.The rising global prevalence of obesitycarries significant implications for the increased risk of cardiovascular and chronic kidney diseases.
The objective of this study was to evaluate ADMA and SDMA levels among women with various degrees of obesity to predict potential cardiovascular and renal health impairments. Additionally, the study aimed to explore the short-term impact of a balanced, low-caloric regimen on these crucial organs.
Seventy-six females with a body mass index (BMI) exceeding 27 kg/m² participated as volunteers. They were categorized into four groups based on their BMI. Anthropometric measurements and dietary history were taken for all volunteers. Blood samples were collected, and laboratory tests were performed, including assessments of renal function and serum levels of ADMA and SDMA. These parameters were reassessed after six weeks of adhering to the low-caloric, balanced, healthy diet.
The findings demonstrated that morbidly obese individuals were the older and had the highest anthropometric values and had severe accumulation of fat tissue, especially in the visceral area. The elevated anthropometric measurements were accompanied by increased blood glucose, lipid profile and the cardiovascular risk ratio. significant differences between morbid obese and the other groups were recorded. Basic kidney function indices were within normal range. Significant positive correlations were found between SDMA and both of anthropometric and lipid profile, while positive correlations between ADMA and both of blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, cardiovascular risk factorand estimated glomerular filtration rate. Following a six-week intervention, improvements were observed in all anthropometric measurements and biochemical parameters across all groups with the highest percent decrease was in the SDMA of the morbidly obese group (about 55%).
Conclusion: The results suggested that obesity, particularly in the elderly, may be linked to an increased risk of metabolic abnormalities. This highlights the significance of adopting healthy eating habits in tackling the obesity problem. Moreover, the results underscored the importance of the ADMA biomarker over the SDMA biomarker as a more reliable indicator of cardiovascular and renal diseases.

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