Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1
Head of the First Aid Lab, National Museum of Egyptian Civilization, Ministry of Antiquities
2
conservation department ,Faculty of Archaeology,Cairo Unversity conservation department ,Faculty of Archaeology,Cairo Unversity
3
Refractories, Ceramics and Building Materials Department, Advanced Material Technology & Mineral Resources Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), El Bohouth St., Dokki, 12622 Cairo, Egypt.
4
Conservation Department, Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo University
5
A Head of the central administration for maintenance and restoration, Ministry of Antiquities, Cairo, Egypt
Abstract
Stucco monuments are highly susceptible to damage, and their consolidation requires the evaluation of new and advanced materials. Nanocomposites have shown highly promising consolidating results when applied to many historic materials, like stone and mural paintings. The current experimental study evaluates the effectiveness of bioactive glass nanoparticles (BG NPs) added to graphite carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and mixed with paraloid (B-72) in acetone. Herein, bioactive glass nanoparticles and graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets have been prepared through sol-gel and thermal decomposition chemical routes, respectively. The physicochemical properties of the as-prepared nanopowders have been investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). In addition, the colloidal properties were investigated using the dynamic light scattering technique. The evaluation protocol outlined a six-step process to assess the suitability of standard samples consolidated with nanocomposites after undergoing artificial aging procedures. The study involves monitoring the changes in consolidated samples after exposure to various conditions by using a digital microscope and SEM to identify the appearance of the consolidated stucco samples after applying the selected nanocomposites and after their artificial aging procedures. Color change is measured using a colorimeter, and comparisons are made between samples before and after aging. Physical and mechanical properties are determined, and the contact angle is measured to determine the hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity. The obtained results indicate that bioactive glass/g-C3N4 hybrid nanocomposites with a composition of BG 0.5%, g-C3N4 1%, and B-72 3% achieved the best consolidating results among the proposed mixtures for stucco samples.
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