The Impacts of Cadmium, an Environmental Pollutant, on Honeybees (Apis Mellifira, Hymenoptera: Apidae): A Review

Mohamed, Ola El.; El-Shazly, Mohamed M.; Hashish, Mohamed E.; Soliman, Mustafa M.

doi:10.21608/ejchem.2024.272472.9384

The Impacts of Cadmium, an Environmental Pollutant, on Honeybees (Apis Mellifira, Hymenoptera: Apidae): A Review

Document Type : Review Articles

Authors

¹ Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, PO Box 12613, Giza, Egypt.

² Bee Research Department (B.R.D.), Plants Protection Research Institute (P.P.R.I.), Agriculture Research Centre (A.R.C.), Agriculture Ministry, Egypt.

10.21608/ejchem.2024.272472.9384

Abstract

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic trace metal that can harm humans and other organisms. One route through which this trace element enters the human body is via consuming contaminated honeybee products. This review highlights the sources, biogeochemistry, toxicity, and remediation of Cd, with a focus on its impact on honeybees. Natural and anthropogenic activities release Cd into the environment, which is then transported through the atmosphere, soil, water, and trophic levels. Honeybees are particularly susceptible to Cd toxicity, which can mimic essential elements like zinc (Zn) and calcium (Ca), disrupting physiological and biochemical processes. Despite their ability to filter and purify nectar, honeybees can accumulate Cd in their bodies and products. This makes them potential bioindicators of Cd pollution, but uncertainties exist due to multiple exposure pathways and the variable accumulation of Cd in different bee products. Remediation strategies for Cd-contaminated soils include chemical, physical, and biological methods. These approaches aim to reduce Cd bioavailability and promote its immobilization or removal from the environment. Understanding the biogeochemistry and toxicity of Cd is crucial for developing effective strategies to protect honeybees and mitigate the risks associated with Cd contamination in the environment.

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