Bioanalytical applications of some Iraqi wild herbal Awsaj (Lycium shawii) extracts

The goal of this study was to extract phytochemical contents of Awsaj (lycium shawii) fruits using Ethanol and Ethyl acetate, hexane, respectively, by soxhlet apparatus, with yields of (2.57gm/50gm) for ethanol and (1.51gm/50gm) for ethyl acetate and (0.7gm50gm) for hexanesolvents. The antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties of the three extracts were investigated. To test antibiotic activity, the agar well diffusion method was used against four bacterial species: two Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis) and two Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella sp.) as well as one yeast (Candida albicans). The present investigation found that lycium shawii ethyl acetate extract inhibited the examined microorganisms, with an inhibition zone extending between (13-21mm), especially toward Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli with a 21 mm diameter inhibition zone, hexane had aninhibition zone towards Staphylococcus epidermidis with a 10mm, while Ethanol extract had no inhibition zone. Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) analyses revealed the presence of 5.9 g/dl Cu, 15.1 g/dl Zn, 4.2 g/dl Pb, 0.11 g/dl Cd, 0.08 g/dl Cr, 0.009 g/dl Ni, and 0.006 g/dl Mn, as well as 13 other chemicals.In Standard techniques were used to search for alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids, saponins, glycosides, resins, and flavonoids, among other phytochemicals. Total phenol content and radical scavenging activity were quantified using the Folin-Ciocalteu and 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) techniques, respectively, and qualitatively evaluated with a novel microfluidic paper-based analytical device (PADs). And the extract has a high concentration of phenolic compounds (mg/mL) and a high amount of antioxidant chemicals, according to the DPPH assay for ethyl acetate extract. The effect of lycium shawii ethyl acetate extract on cyclooxygenase (COX-2) enzyme activity was investigated, and it was discovered that the L. shawii extract inhibits COX-2 activity more effectively than anti-inflammatory drugs (aspirin). The data suggest that L.shawiiethyl acetate extract could be used as an antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory agent.