Toxicological Aspects of Fluoroquinolones Administration: A Literature Review

Khaleel, Ameera K; Shaari, Ramizu Bin; Nawi, Mohamad Arif Awang; Al-Yassiri, Ali Mihsen Hussein

doi:10.21608/ejchem.2021.99250.4617

Toxicological Aspects of Fluoroquinolones Administration: A Literature Review

Document Type : Review Articles

Authors

¹ Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia

² Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.

³ Hilla University College, Babylon, Iraq.

10.21608/ejchem.2021.99250.4617

Abstract

Fluoroquinolone associated toxicity after along-term fluoroquinolone antibiotic therapy appears as a significant medical and social problem. The objective of this review was mainly to identify, collect and evaluate the available evidence regarding the toxicological aspects of fluoroquinolone with focus on the causes of fluoroquinolone chondrotoxicity in juvenile animals. The present review was conducted using the PubMed/Medline databases. English language publications, original studies and reviews were included. All works about the fluoroquinolones regarding human, in vitro, and animal studies published in the medical and dental literature between 1985 and 2021 were reviewed. The existing data studies demonstrate that fluoroquinolone administration can cause different side effects, and the fluoroquinolone chondrotoxicity in juvenile animals is one of them. The cause could be due to binding of fluoroquinolone with the divalent cations such as Mg2+ and this can induce a deficiency of the functionally available magnesium, increase level of tissue apoptotic markers like activated caspase‐3, reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, mitochondrial damage, enhanced the expression of matrix metalloproteinases, with chondrocytes loss and decrease in the formation of the cartilage extracellular matrix. Depending on these toxicological findings in animal’s studies during the postnatal growth, fluoroquinolones are contraindicated during pregnancy, lactation, and in children.

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