Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1
Polymer Materials Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute, SRTA-City, New Borg El-Arab City 21934, Alexandria, Egypt.
2
Marine Pollution Lab, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Bahary 12622, Alexandria, Egypt.
3
Fabrication Technology Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City 21934, Alexandria, Egypt.
4
petrochemical department Egyptian petroleum research institute
5
Researches and Laboratorial Studies, El-Ameria Petroleum Refining Co. (APRC), Alexandria, Egypt
6
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt.
Abstract
This study aims to produce cost-effective pour point depressant (PPD) to mitigate wax deposition of waxy petroleum crude oil (WPCO) in subsea pipelines from free fatty acids which are produced as wastes from sunflower oil refining process. The major constituents of these wastes are unsaturated fatty acids i.e., oleic acid (41.926%) and linoleic acid (38.892%), were first esterified and copolymerized with maleic anhydride. Then the obtained copolymers were then esterified with fatty alcohol (C19H36O3) to form comb-like poly fatty esters (PFES). The copolymers and its esterified form were structurally characterized by FTIR, XRD spectral analysis and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). Moreover, the potential effects of this PPD on paraffinic waxes, pour point, and waxes crystallization was investigated by (DSC) and (XRD). The measurements exhibited that using of this PPD has great impacts on hindering wax formation and on the WPCO pour point reduction from 24 to 3ºC by using a dosage of 3000 ppm.
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