Foliar Application of Calcium Chloride to Decrease Ethion Residues in the Oil of Chamomile Flowers and Soybean Seeds

Abstract

 THE EFFECTIVENESS of the foliar application of different …… concentrations of calcium chloride solution (0.5, 1 and 1.5%) to reduce ethion residues in chamomile flowers and soybean seeds was studied. The ethion insecticide and some of its degradation products have been prepared for the present investigation. The concentration of 14C-ethion activity was decreased by increasing the concentration of CaCl2 solution. The percentage of removal due to calcium chloride application increased from 33% to 36% and from 9% to 23% for both chamomile flowers and soybean seeds after 30 days of the last application. The concentration of 14C- ethion on chamomile and soybean oils at 30 days after the last application was 0.36 and 0.43 ppm, respectively at 1.5% CaCl2. Chromatographic analysis of oil extracts of both plants revealed the presence of ethion monooxon, ethion dioxon, O,O-diethyl phosphorothioate, O-ethyl phosphorothioate, in addition to the parent compound. All concentrations of CaCl2 used caused insignificant changes in the leaves soluble protein of the two examined plants relative to the control and ethion treated plants. Soluble sugars of soybean leaves were significantly changed by ethion and CaCl2 treatment when compared with control.

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History

  • Receive Date: 20 July 2011
  • Revise Date: 13 August 2011
  • Accept Date: 14 August 2011

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