Shraa, S., Abo Elmagd, A., Bakr, A., Moustafa, Y., Abd El-Aziz, I., Shabana, A. (2019). Some of the Physical and Chemical Characterizations Applied for the Laser Printers toner and Ballpoint Pen Inks to Determine the Sequence of their Intersections. Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 62(11), 2047-2060. doi: 10.21608/ejchem.2019.10960.1702
Samia Ibrahim Shraa; Abdel Aleem Solyman Abo Elmagd; Al-Sayed Aly Bakr; Yasser Mohamed Moustafa; Ibrahim Mohamed Abd El-Aziz; Ahmad Shabana. "Some of the Physical and Chemical Characterizations Applied for the Laser Printers toner and Ballpoint Pen Inks to Determine the Sequence of their Intersections". Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 62, 11, 2019, 2047-2060. doi: 10.21608/ejchem.2019.10960.1702
Shraa, S., Abo Elmagd, A., Bakr, A., Moustafa, Y., Abd El-Aziz, I., Shabana, A. (2019). 'Some of the Physical and Chemical Characterizations Applied for the Laser Printers toner and Ballpoint Pen Inks to Determine the Sequence of their Intersections', Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 62(11), pp. 2047-2060. doi: 10.21608/ejchem.2019.10960.1702
Shraa, S., Abo Elmagd, A., Bakr, A., Moustafa, Y., Abd El-Aziz, I., Shabana, A. Some of the Physical and Chemical Characterizations Applied for the Laser Printers toner and Ballpoint Pen Inks to Determine the Sequence of their Intersections. Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 2019; 62(11): 2047-2060. doi: 10.21608/ejchem.2019.10960.1702
Some of the Physical and Chemical Characterizations Applied for the Laser Printers toner and Ballpoint Pen Inks to Determine the Sequence of their Intersections
1Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
2Al-Azhar University, Chemistry Department, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
3Forgery & Counterfeiting Department, Forensic Medicine Authority, Cairo, Egypt
Receive Date: 20 March 2019,
Revise Date: 01 May 2019,
Accept Date: 07 May 2019
Abstract
In the forensic document examination, the determination of the chronological order of intersection strokes of the toner and ballpoint inks is a paramount challenge issue. Two types of intersection are prepared on three different types of paper. A digital microscope and Raman spectroscopy are two nondestructive techniques used to determine these sequences via cross lines. Four physical characteristics observed at intersection point under the digital microscope were a specular reflection, the ink gloss, the ink spreading and gap. The results of the digital microscope determined the two types of intersections strokes except the red color of ink over toner. The results of Raman spectroscopy showed that the spectrum results at the intersection point similar to the pure ink executed later. The complementary technique of Raman spectroscopy and the digital microscope were necessary to achieve a complete determination of the sequences intersection strokes of the toner and ballpoint ink.
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