National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRTEgyptian Journal of Chemistry0449-228561620181201Optimization of Dothideomycetes sp. NRC-SSW Chitosanase Productivity and Activity Using Response Surface Methodology973987901610.21608/ejchem.2018.4058.1355ENAmal MohamedHashemChemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.0000-0002-7066-7324ShaymaaIsmailDepartment of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Division of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.0000-0003-4049-3869Alaa El-DeinHosnyDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.GhadaAwadPharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research divisionSihamIsmailChemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20180604Among the methods used for the hydrolysis of chitosan, enzymatic hydrolysis using chitosanase was selected in order to produce high yield of specific chitooligosaccharides with less environmental pollutions. The production of Dothideomycetes sp. NRC-SSW extracellular chitosanase was statistically optimized in which a two - phase experimental design were applied. Plackett – Burman design was used to evaluate the relative importance of culture conditions and medium components for chitosanase production. Chitosan concentration, agitation speed and incubation period were found to be the most significant variables that affected the chitosanase production and their optimal values were obtained by applying Box-Behnken design. The optimized medium composed of (g/L) chitosan, 30; K2HPO4, 1.5; MgSO4, 0.4; KCl, 4.0; yeast extract, 18.5 and FeSO4,0.01; at pH 5.5, 30°C and 180rpm for 96h gave 13.9U/mL with 36.3% increase in the activity. The R2 value was 0.954 and this indicated the aptness of the model. The optimization of the hydrolytic conditions required for chitooligosaccharides production was also performed by Box-Behnken design. The highest yield of chitooligosaccharides was obtained with enzyme/ substrate ratio 0.05U/mg in 0.2M Tris HCl buffer incubation at 60οC for 5h. The cytotoxic activity of the chitooligosaccharides was tested in vitro against Hep-G2 and MCF7.https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_9016_8ac60b8e6269cb38bdfb0f18f39f99d7.pdfNational Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRTEgyptian Journal of Chemistry0449-228561620181201A Review on Synthesis of Nitrogen-Containing Heterocyclic Dyes for Textile Fibers - Part 2: Fused Heterocycles9891018902010.21608/ejchem.2018.4131.1363ENTawfik AKhattabDyeing, Printing and Auxiliaries Department, Textile Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt0000-0001-7834-4952MohamedRehanDepartment of Pretreatment and Finishing of Cellulosic Fibers, Textile Industries Research Division National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth Street, Dokki, Cairo 12622, EgyptJournal Article20180611Importance of heterocyclic dyes has recently increased due to their deep shades, high tentorial strength, excellent colorfastness and brightness compared to azobenzene analogous. Development of novel synthetic approaches for fused heterocyclic dyes has remained a highly interesting but challenging proposition. An overview of the application of nitrogen-containing fused heterocyclic dyestuffs for textile coloration is presented. In this review, we provide details outlining the synthesis of recently prepared fused nitrogen-containing heterocyclic dyestuffs and their dyeing efficiency on textile fibers.https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_9020_6ca306ace6e0c0bf57224e819d0e2ddc.pdfNational Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRTEgyptian Journal of Chemistry0449-228561620181201Enhancement of Crude Oil Biodegradation by Immobilized Bacterial Consortium in Small Batch and Continuous Bioreactor Modes10191030915110.21608/ejchem.2018.3820.1336ENSohaFaragEnvironmental Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria, EgyptNadia ASolimanBioprocess Development Department. Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria, EgyptYasser RAbdel-FattahBioprocess Development Department. Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria, EgyptJournal Article20180516Oil spills besides the discarding of oil refineries byproducts directly into the environment is a major source of nature pollution which contributes to environmental contamination and health problems. Firstly for solving this problem oil degrading bacterial consortium (Pseudomonas sp. sp48 and Bacillus cereus M12 which were isolated from soil samples from Bahary area, SidiKerir branch, Alexandria, Egypt, respectively) was immobilized with different carriers, where rice straw was selected as the best one for oil degradation. Conditional optimization for immobilized bacterial consortium has been explored by testing various amounts of preculture (2, 3, 4, 5.5 and 7%), different incubation time with rice straw (1-5 h), enumeration of viable cells immobilized and different oil concentrations (1, 2, 3, and 4%). The degradation of crude oil (1% concentration) reached to 61.6% due to biological action alone while it raised to 97.14% by binary actions of biological and physical after 6 days incubation time and applying the optimum conditions (4% bacterial consortium preculture and 3 h incubation time with the carrier). Finally application study has been carried out using the ideal model conditions in small batch bioreactor and continuous to treat oil contaminated water in an open system. The results showed that the crude oil degradation biologically only and biologically/ physically reached to 56.2% and 87.2%, respectively. Whereas the continuous addition of 1% oil concentration for three times the removal reached to 81.27%. This technique of immobilization produces a promising result for solving the oil pollution problem due to the collaborating effects for both physical and biological actions.https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_9151_1b2fff05c3c93f7ab67bb581b38d8553.pdfNational Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRTEgyptian Journal of Chemistry0449-228561620181201Reduction of Heavy Metals Content in Contaminated Vegetables due to the Post-harvest Treatments10311037994210.21608/ejchem.2018.3624.1303ENGomaa Nour-EldeinAbdel-RahmanFood Toxins and Contaminants Dept.,
National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt0000-0002-6193-9033Mohamed Bedair MohamedAhmedDepartment of Food Toxins and Contaminants, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.Diaa AttiaMarrezFood toxins and contaminants Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20180424Heavy metals highly contaminated samples of potato, tomato, and cucumber were used to study the effects of washing, shelling and soaking (in vinegar 5% for 5 min.) on heavy metals reduction. Heavy metal levels were determined for untreated and treated samples using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer and the reduction ratios of heavy metal levels were calculated. The vinegar (acetic acid) effect could be due to its effect on the pH value that influences the solution chemistry of the heavy metals such as hydrolysis, complexation by organic and inorganic ligands, redox reactions, precipitation and the adsorption availability of the heavy metals. For potato, the results revealed that washing and shelling have removed high ratio of heavy metals, however the reduction was not sufficient to decrease the levels of Pb and Cd to be within the MRLs. While soaking in vinegar in addition to washing and shelling of potato has led to a significant decrease in Pb and Cd concentrations being lower than the MRLs. For tomato and cucumber, the Cd element was not detected after washing of both vegetable kinds. Lead level in tomato was significantly decreased to the MRLs values when washed and shelled, while Pb level in cucumber was still higher than MRLs.https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_9942_6e383c5b9d93a8110b5be4959d56b1f9.pdfNational Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRTEgyptian Journal of Chemistry0449-228561620181201Physico-Chemical Evaluation of Drinking Water Treatment Plant and Sand Filter Backwashing Water for Possible Recycling: A Case Study10391047994310.21608/ejchem.2018.3731.1316ENHussein IbrahimAbdel-ShafyWater Research &amp; Pollution Control Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt0000-0002-3381-2617Mohamed A.SalemSues Canal UnivMona S. M.MansourAnalysis & Evaluation Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, 1 Ahmed El-Zomor Street, Nasr City Cairo. Egypt.Mohamed A.El-KhateebNational Rese4arch centreSally HAbdel-ShafyNational Research CentreJournal Article20180513A comparative chemical study was carried out to evaluate the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of a selected Drinking Water Treatment Plant (DWTP) in Egypt. The evaluation includes the inlet fresh water of the Canal, the produced drinking water (DW) and the sand filter backwashing water (BWW). An extensive sampling program was carried out to collect water from each of these studied points. All experimental studies were carried out according to APHA. The results showed that the Canal water is not contaminated by any hazardous pollutants, the conventional treatment system of the plant could successfully produce good quality of DW that cope with the Egyptian, WHO and EPA regulations. The characteristics of the BWW showed slight increase of TSS, turbidity and aluminum. This water consists of 19.5% of the produced DW and is daily discharged to the Canal water way. Thus, it is a source of contamination to the Canal. Several recommendations are included in this study to the decision makers that can save 20% of the wasted water in one hand and protect the waterways of the Canal on the other hand. The pre-chlorination of the fresh Canal water in the DWTP should be replaced by ozone instead of chlorine to avoid any formation of trihalomethanes that might be available in the Canal. Meanwhile, the Canal should be prevented from the disposal of the BWW. Thus, the BWW should not be wasted; it should be reused for other purposes such as irrigating the green area around the DWTP, for flushing, or treated by using simple system and recycled. This will prevent the ecosystem of the Canal in one hand and can be as additional water resources on the other hand. The chemical characteristics of the BWW should be carried-out periodically along with the surface and the produced drinking water to ensure the suitability of BWW for recycling.https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_9943_0ef68f10354851fbcddd799c52182bd0.pdfNational Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRTEgyptian Journal of Chemistry0449-228561620181201Synthesis of Nano - Nickel Metal Loaded on Faujasite-Zeolite for Reduction of p-nitro Phenol to p-amino Phenol10491057994410.21608/ejchem.2018.3844.1332ENAmira M.MahmoudFaculty of Girls, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.Nadia A.YoussefFaculty of Girls, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.Seham A.ShabanEgyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Cairo, Egypt.MohamedSelimNational Research CentreJournal Article20180516Abstract<br /> Nickel nanoparticles and Ni supported on faujasite- zeolite were prepared by using a solution of nickel nitrate of appropriate concentrations. The catalysts with 2.5, 5 and 10% nickel were reduced with hydrazine hydrate in the presence of alkali and used in reduction of p-nitrophenol to p- aminophenol. The prepared Ni catalysts were characterised by X-ray and SEM before and after conducting the reduction of p-nitrophenol.The results showed that catalysts contains nano nickel were durable in reduction of p-nitro phenol to p- amino phenol. The Ni supported on faujasite-zeolite was more active than the unsupported Ni catalyst.https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_9944_2d42f6264464fbbae6f5ada93d18339e.pdfNational Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRTEgyptian Journal of Chemistry0449-228561620181201β-Oxo anilides in Heterocyclic Synthesis: Novel Synthesis of Polyfunctionally Pyridines, Pyrimidines and Benzothiazole Derivatives10591071994510.21608/ejchem.2018.3925.1344ENAbdelhaleem MHusseinDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University, Assiut 71524, EgyptMohamedEl-GabyDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt0000-0002-4902-5546FathiAbushanabDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University, Assiut 71524, EgyptMohamedAbdel-RaheimDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University, Assiut 71524, EgyptMorsyElapaseryDyeing, Printing and Auxiliaries Department, Textile Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt0000-0002-4686-2007Journal Article20180524Acetoacetanilide derivative 1 was reacted with aromatic aldehydes 2 to yield the arylidine derivatives 3 and 6a, b. The Hantzsch amides 7a,b were prepared by the one-pot cyclization reaction of a mixture of 2 moles of 1, aqueous ammonia and aromatic aldehydes. Treatment of 1 with ethanol containing equivalent amount of piperidine or morpholine furnished the isolable products 8a and 8b. Compound 1 underwent interamolecular heterocyclization on boiling conc. sulfuric acid, afforded 9. Also, the reaction of compound 1 with hydroxylamine hydrochloride in ethanol and sodium acetate afforded the oxime derivative 10. Furthermore, reactions of compound 1 with o-aminothiophenol furnished 11. Reactions of 1 with arylidine derivatives give compounds 13 and 16a-d. Treatment of compound 16d with elemental sulfur afforded the thieno[3,4-c]pyridine derivative 18. Treatment of 16a with hydrazine hydrate in boiling ethanol afforded the pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine derivatives 19. Also, compound 16a was reacted with ethylchloroacetate giving 20. Compound 20 was cyclized into the corresponding thieno[2,3-b]-pyridine derivative 21 upon boiling with ethanol containing a few drops of sodium ethoxide solution. Furthermore, compound 1 readily reacted with cyanothioacetamide to yield compound 22. Fusion of compound 1 with malononitrile over melting point without solvent in presence of ammonium acetate or refluxing in ethanolic piperidine afforded the pyridone 23a. Also, the pyridone derivative 23b was obtained by reacting compound 1 with cyanoacetamide. The reaction of acetoacetanilide 1 with -bromoacetophenones afforded 28a,b. Treatment of 1 with benzoyl and ethoxy carbonyl isothiocyanates afforded the pyrimidine derivatives 30a,b. The reaction of 1 with aminopyrazole gave the pyrazolopyrimidine 33. Coupling of 1 with diazonium salt of compounds 34a,b yielding 37a,b.https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_9945_bd8cbc94fcdb19346e0f3a79ca5f6ffa.pdfNational Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRTEgyptian Journal of Chemistry0449-228561620181201Structural and optical properties of wet-chemistry Cu co-doped ZnTiO3 thin films deposited by spin coating method10731081994710.21608/ejchem.2018.4069.1359ENAmanyEl NahrawySolid State Physics Department, Physics Research Division, National Research Centre (NRC)-33 El Bohouth St. Dokki, P.O.12622, Egypt. (Affilition ID:60014618)0000-0002-3501-2541Ahmed I.AliBasic Science Department, Faculty of Industrial Education&Technology,Helwan University, Cairo11281, Egypt.Ali B.Abou HammadSolid State Physics Department, Physics Research Division, National Research Centre (NRC)-33 El Bohouth St. Dokki, P.O.12622, Egypt. (Affilition ID:60014618)AïchaMbarekLaboratory of Advanced Materials, National Engineering School, University of Sfax, BP 1173- 3038 Sfax-Tunisia.Journal Article20180608Zn1-xTiO3:xCu (x=0%, 1%, 5%) thin films were prepared on glass and quartz substrates via the sol-gel method (wet-chemistry) and spin coating process. Strutural and optical proparties of the prepared films have been characterized by X-ray dif-fraction, field emission scanning electron microscope and UV-visible spectrophotometer. The doping of the thin films by different concentration of Cu ions exhibited change in structure from cubic to hexagonal system.The average crystalline size was calculated from X-ray line broadening and it is decreased from 21.88 nm (ZnTiO3) to 11.21 nm (Zn0.95Cu0.05TiO3). The fundamental optical constants of the thin films (refractive index, absorption coefficient, extinction coefficient, dielectric constant, band gap) were determined using the UV-Vis reflectance and transmittance spectroscopy. The analysis of the optical absorption data revealed that undoped film has indirect transition (Eg = 3.22 eV) and the Cu-doped films have direct allowed transition with band gap energy increased to 3.96 eV.https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_9947_74c9ce9ba0eb27f9cdba6b5f8162d8ae.pdfNational Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRTEgyptian Journal of Chemistry0449-228561620181201Adsorption of Nicotine on Calcinated and Modified Compressed Coffee Residue CACS and Its Surface Properties108310961005910.21608/ejchem.2018.3471.1295ENY. WalidAl-BizrehDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Damascus University, Syria.RashaAlmostafaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Damascus University, SyriaMalakAL-JoubbehDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Damascus University, Syria\ Syrian Private University, Damascus, Syria.Journal Article20180410A dried compressed coffee residue was calcinated at the temperature of 400 0C for 4 hours. It was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively by using the X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy. The coffee carbon surface was modified with oleum. The surface properties of the sample was studied by using the FTIR spectroscopy after each treatment resulting new different peaks that indicate the modification with oleum. Besides, other peaks that indicate the adsorption of nicotine on its surface were obvious. The concentrations of nicotine in the studied solutions were measured by using the spectrophotometry, the nicotine adsorption on the studied adsorbent followed the pseudo second-order model. The effect of nicotine concentration was also studied at the temperatures of 20- 30- 35- 40 0C; an increasing of the nicotine adsorption was noticed with the increasing of the initial concentration at each of the studied temperatures; the adsorption curves fitted the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms models. In addition, the thermodynamic parameters of the surface adsorption interaction ∆G0, ∆H0, ∆S0 were determined, the resulting values showed that the interaction is endothermic and the adsorption is of chemical nature. Besides, a mechanism for the adsorption of nicotine on modified compressed coffee residue carbon (CACS) was suggested presuming the participation of the two nitrogen atoms in the polar nicotine molecule.https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_10059_52bca9a626c299bc82e8a847716c0d0d.pdfNational Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRTEgyptian Journal of Chemistry0449-228561620181201Development of Pilot Scale System for Production of Polyamide-6 Fibers Grafted with Polymethacrylic Acid for Ion Exchange Applications109711091006210.21608/ejchem.2018.3631.1301ENSamy ElsebaieShalabyProteninic &amp; Manmade Fibers Department, Textile Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt0000-0003-3148-2877Samiha MohamedAbo El -OlaProteinic and Man Made Fibres ,Textile Research Division ,National Research Centre0000-0002-3852-3320Naser GadAl-BalakocyProteinic &amp; Man made fibers0000-0002-8597-3308MargritaBilyakovaPreparation and finishing of cellulose fibers departmentRafaatAbasProteninic and manmade fibers department, textile research division, dokki, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20180423Removing the hazardous metals from wastewater especially industrial drainage is very important for preventing health problems in human beings, plants and animals. The ion exchanger has constructed as primary line of safeguards for that goal. In this study grafted polyamide-6 (PA-6) fibers with polymethacrylic acid (PMAA) was used as materials for the ion exchangers. Grafting was achieved under required time and temperature and the factors affecting the graft process were studied. The efficiency of the grafted fibers for adsorption of Cu2+, Pb2+ and Cr6+ was evaluated. The effect of adsorption parameters such as pH, duration of adsorption, initial ion concentration and the adsorption temperature on the degree of extraction (R %) and adsorption capacity (SC, mg/g) was studied. Optimization the conditions for the preparation on laboratory scale, adjustment and adaptation of these conditions to suit the production of these grafted fibers on pilot scale was accomplished.https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_10062_3d2e0cc28680d49654e7b6dbdb2c5946.pdfNational Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRTEgyptian Journal of Chemistry0449-228561620181201β-Oxo ِAnilides in Heterocyclic Synthesis: Novel Synthesis of Pyridazinones, Pyrazolopyridazines and Cinnolines111111191006510.21608/ejchem.2018.3901.1343ENAbdelhaleem MHusseinDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University, Assiut 71524, EgyptMohamedEl-GabyDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt0000-0002-4902-5546FathiAbushanabDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University, Assiut 71524, EgyptMohamedAbdel-RaheimDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University, Assiut 71524, EgyptMorsyElapaseryDyeing, Printing and Auxiliaries Department, Textile Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt0000-0002-4686-2007Journal Article20180524Compound 1 coupled smoothly with aromatic diazonium salts to yield the corresponding arylhydrazones 2a-d. Compounds 2a-d condensed with DMF-DMA in refluxing xylene to yield the pyridazinones 3a-d. Compounds 3a-d were also established based on its further reaction with some active methylene reagents and some nucleophilic reagents. So, reactions of 3a, b with malononitrile in refluxing ethanolic piperidine afforded arylidinemalononitrile 4a,b. The pyridazinone derivatives 3a, b reacted with hydrazine hydrate to afford the hydrazine derivatives 5a, b. When 3a,b were fused with hydrazine hydrate without solvent, the pyrazolo[4,3-c]-pyridazines 6a,b were obtained. Compounds 6a, b were also obtained when compounds 5a, b melt over melting point for short time. Condensation of 2a, b with ethyl cyanoacetate yield 7a, b. Similarly, reactions of 2a,b with 1 mole of malononitrile afforded the pyridazine derivatives 8a,b. While, when 2 moles of malononitrile reacted with 2a, b in the same experimental conditions to yield the cinnoline derivative (9a, b). Reactions of pyridazine 8a,b with 1 mole of malononitrile afforded 9. Compound 2b was reacted with a mixture of arylidinemalononitrile and acrylonitrile to yield product formulated as triazole moieties 12a, b. Similarly, compound 2b was reacted with a mixture of maleic anhydride and acrylonitrile in the same above experimental conditions to give 13. Also, reactions of 2b with hydroxylamine hydrochloride yield 14.https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_10065_74ccc8db1f0834ec0105b715c6155025.pdfNational Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRTEgyptian Journal of Chemistry0449-228561620181201Natural Source Constitutes Effective Route for Processing of Silver Nanoparticles for Medical Textile112111291006810.21608/ejchem.2018.4148.1365ENRakiaRefaieNational Research CentreSaharShaarawytextile research division , national research center, Dokki, Cairo Egypt0000-0003-1435-6676ManalEl-bisiNational Research Centre0000-0001-6011-3136F.H.MotaweNational Research CentreAmiraEl-shafieNational Research CentreJournal Article20180613Due to great calling for medical and antimicrobial textiles based on eco-friendly natural agents, silver nanoparticles were prepared using herbal extract peppermint, tulsi, chamomile, sage and green tea at optimized conditions. Plant extracts are very cost effective, eco-friendly and thus can be economic alternatively for large-scale synthesis of nanoparticles. In this research firstly, the herbal extracts were prepared by aqueous method, secondly using of herbal extracts in synthesis of silver nanoparticles from aqueous solutions of silver nitrate (AgNO3). Synthesis of silver nanoparticles was characterized and confirmed by UV–visible spectroscopy and TEM. The herbal extracts and silver nanoparticles were applied in presence of eco-friendly finishing agent (glyoxal, aluminuim sulphate) on cotton fabrics which in turn characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), (EDX) patterns, physical properties as tensile strength, water permeability, air permeability and roughness were also analyzed. Final characterization of treated cotton fabric against antimicrobial activity including gram negative strain, gram positive strains in addition to yeasts unicellular fungi . The results showed that cotton treated with AgNPs synthesis from herbal extracts had better antimicrobial activity.https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_10068_7d4f0d071e1aca98b2b1bc053cf1e4b2.pdfNational Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRTEgyptian Journal of Chemistry0449-228561620181201Evaluation of Physical, Mechanical and Chemical Properties of Cedar and Sycamore Woods after Heat Treatment113111491006910.21608/ejchem.2018.4301.1383ENEmanNabilCheops Museum, EgyptNaglaaMahmoudConservation Department, Faculty of Archeology, Fayoum University, Egypt0000-0002-6501-6658AhmedYoussefPackaging Materials Department, National Research Centre, El Behooth St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt.EssamSaberCellulose and Paper Department, National Research Centre, El Behooth St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt.SamirKamelCellulose and Paper Department, National Research Centre, El Behooth St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt.Journal Article20180704This work is concerned with the study of the impact of heat (160,180,200 and 220°C), and the time of exposure on cedar and sycamore woods for different times (2, 4 and 6 hour). The change in the color of the wood was studied. The mechanical properties, rate of mass loss, and decrease of density of the heat treated woods were evaluated. The surface roughness and the fiber separation were also studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the results showed that both types of wood were affected by heat treatment (160 and 180°C), as the surface smoothness increased for both. As temperatures rose to (200 – 220°C), there was a high roughness in the outer surface of the wood with increased separation of fibers. The anatomical structure of the wood was examined via (SEM), where the cedar samples showed higher quality in heat resistance than sycamore. The heat treated wood was studied using FT-IR spectroscopy to study the changes in the wood spectra structure, as well as X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) analysis was also used to study the extent of change in the crystallization of cellulose.https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_10069_b9b29af1f98b5e9786625d8bd89d2ca9.pdfNational Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRTEgyptian Journal of Chemistry0449-228561620181201A Comprehensive Critique on Wool Grease Extraction, Properties and Applications115111591032710.21608/ejchem.2018.4214.1372ENHosam El-DinZakaria El-SayedTextile Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, 30 El-Tahrir Street0000-0001-9207-598XSalwaMowafiTextile Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, EgyptAmiraAbou El-KheirTextile Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza , EgyptE. M.El-KhatibTextile Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza , EgyptJournal Article20180625The utilization of raw wool wax (grease) extracted from scouring effluent of fleece of sheep has been recognized two millennia ago. About seven centuries B.C., wool grease wax was extracted by Greek labors. Nowadays, tremendous amounts of wool wax are discharged each year into the scouring effluent of wool fleece. Restore of wool grease from textile effluent is of prime importance targeting environment protection. This article outlines the current and the possible ways of extraction of wool wax from coarse wool fleece; taking into consideration the economic and ecologic aspects. The methods of purification of the extracted wool grease into lanolin are also briefed.<br /> Recent techniques; namely microwave and ultrasonic-assisted extraction and purification of wool wax, were compared to the conventional heating method used for extraction of wool wax.<br /> Chemical and physical characteristics of the extracted lanolin, which play important role in its utilization, are outlined. The current and future utilization of wool wax in textile and non-textile application are reported.https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_10327_aa608f50a7853fd10cfef37b4397a8cd.pdfNational Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRTEgyptian Journal of Chemistry0449-228561620181201Effect of Egyptian Roselle Biodiesel on Performance and Emissions of Diesel Engine116111691060010.21608/ejchem.2018.4425.1392ENMohammed SaberGadMechanical Engineering department- National Research CentreHassan MuhammadMustafaMechanical Engineering Department- National Research Centre0000-0002-1854-0481Journal Article20180712The increase in fuel demand consumption led to search about alternative fuels. Screw press was used to extract oil from roselle seeds at a temperature of 45 °C and motor speed of 30 rpm. Biodiesel was produced from roselle oil. Biodiesel blends were prepared from diesel and roselle biodiesel in volume percentages of 10 and 20 %. The experiments were run at engine load variations from start to full load. Thermal efficiency for roselle methyl ester blends was higher than diesel oil. Biodiesel blends achieved lower specific fuel consumptions of roselle methyl ester blends about diesel fuel. CO and HC emissions for biodiesel blends were decreased of diesel fuel. Biodiesel blends showed higher NOx emissions for biodiesel blends about diesel fuel. Roselle rmethyl ester blends up to 20% percentage are used as alternative fuels because performance and emissions were improved compared to diesel fuel.https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_10600_360ac67516fcbff8341329cd4917bfaa.pdf