2024-03-28T11:23:29Z
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=10592
Egyptian Journal of Chemistry
Egypt. J. Chem.
0449-2285
0449-2285
2020
63
6
Effect of Tween 20 as Plasticizer on Cinnamyl Chitosan Membranes: Preparation, Characterization and Antimicrobial Evaluation
Maysa
Sabet
Tamer
Tamer
Ahmed
Omer
W.
Salem
Mohamed
Hassan
Marwa
Gouda
Mohamed
Mohyeldin
In the recent decades, biopolymers have received considerable attention due to their renewability, broad availability and biodegradability. Scientists concerned with antimicrobial biopolymers as an alternative to petroleum-derived polymers for implementing in several substantial applications such as food packaging, seeds preservations, wound dressing, cell culture and tissue engineering. In the current study, cinnamyl chitosan Schiff base membranes were prepared by using different amounts of tween 20 (T20) as a plasticizer. A comparative study was carried out to illustrate the effect of T20 on the prepared membranes including their physical, surface morphologies, optical and mechanical properties. In addition, the antibacterial activities were also investigated against five bacterial strains (two Gram-positive: Streptococcus pyogenesand Staphylococcus aureus& three Gram-negative: Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Shigella sp.). The gained results revealed higher antibacterial activities cinnamyl chitosan compared to native chitosan membranes. Moreover, treatment of cinnamyl chitosan with different concentrations of T20 significantly enhanced the antibacterial activities of the membranes. Almost various concentrations of T20 showed identical antibacterial activities depending on the bacterial strain.
Plasticization
Cinnamyl chitosan
Membranes
Tween 20
Antibacterial
2020
06
01
1989
1998
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_59804_f9e5133b8a3233f6707a29152f047ab7.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Chemistry
Egypt. J. Chem.
0449-2285
0449-2285
2020
63
6
A Green Approach for One Step Dyeing and Finishing of Wool Fabric with Natural Pigment Extracted from Streptomyces Thinghirensis
Tarek
Abou Elmaaty
Ahmed
Kasem
Mona
Elsalamony
Hanan
Gamal
Today, natural colorants are emerging globally due to the fact that they are safer and more environmentally friendly. In this study, the dyeing substance produced by Streptomyces Thinghirensis strain (EGDA6S) was extracted by using the solvent extraction method. The extracted dyestuff was used for one step dyeing and antimicrobial finishing of wool fabrics. The dyeing properties of the dyestuff under study were investigated and the color uptake expressed as color strength was evaluated. The results revealed an excellent color uptake as well as excellent color fastness (washing, rubbing, light) that ranged (4-5). Also, the antimicrobial test showed that dyed samples have an excellent potentiality against tested pathogens.
Streptomyces Thinghirensis
Extraction
Multifunctional dyeing
wool
2020
06
01
1999
2008
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_58618_d97dedc8138258875f8f770b79874aa9.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Chemistry
Egypt. J. Chem.
0449-2285
0449-2285
2020
63
6
Structural and Vibrational Properties of ZnSe Nanostructures: A DFT/TDDFT Study
Hussein
Abed
Mohammed
Alsultani
Muder
Abdulsattar
Hayder
Abduljalil
The structural and vibrational properties of ZnnSen (n=1,3,7,13) nanostructures have been investigated using the Gaussian 09 program, density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory at the B3LYP level with 6–311G basis functions. The structural properties showed that the rebuilding in surface atoms deviated many bonds from their ideal length, the Zn-Se bond length decreased with the increase in the size of nanostructures and converged to the experimental value. Quantum confinement effect diminution was observed with the growing size of the nanostructures; hence, the energy gap converged to the experimental value of 2.7 eV. Moreover, the binding energy increased with the increase of the structure size, such that wurtziod2c (Zn13Se13) is more stable than smaller structures. The vibrational properties results indicated that the experimental longitudinal optical mode (LO mode) is situated between bare and hydrogen passivated LO modes and very near to the bare case, this gave a good agreement with experimental findings. The presence of hydrogen atoms at the surface caused a several times decrease in vibrational force constant in comparison to the bare case. The IR spectrum for wurtzoid and HP wurtzoid were investigated. The optical edge in UV-Vis spectra of wurtzoid reduced from 4.5 eV to 4.2 eV of wurtzoid2c due to the increase in the size of the nanostructure, while the maximum peak for wurtzoid at 2.88 eV increased to 3.06 eV for wurtzoid2c showing a clear blue shift. These results leads to wide applications in fields such as photoelectronic devices, lasers, sensors, and LEDs.
Wurtzoids
DFT/TDDFT
nanocrystals
2020
06
01
2009
2018
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_60609_8ed4f9dec0289524ee34c15c445bd396.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Chemistry
Egypt. J. Chem.
0449-2285
0449-2285
2020
63
6
Radiation Copolymerization of PVA/Malic acid/ HEMA / Macro-algal (Sargassum sp.) Biomass for Removal of Hexavalent Chromium.
Tarek Mansour
Mohammed
Ahmed
Labena
Nabila Ahmed
Maziad
Shimaa
Husien
Brown macro-algal species (Seaweeds) biomass was collected and treated mechanically to reduce its size, increase its surface area and to polymerize easily with other polymer in a sheet. Polymerized algal cells in the polymer sheet have many advantages such as facilitate harvesting of the biomass in addition to enhanced heavy metals removal, recover from the industrial wastewater and the possibility to reuse application. Co-polymer-sheet of polyvinyl alcohol/ maleic acid/2- hydroxyethyl methacrylate/ Macroalgal biomass (PVA/ MAA /HEMA/ MacAlg) was successfully polymerized using Gamma ray technique. The prepared copolymer sheets were characterized with FT-IR, SEM, XRD and successfully applied to remove hexavalent chromium (VI) from contaminated water. One Factor at a Time (OFAT) experiments were studied for the polymer algal sheets to get the high and the low level that can further used in the Full Factorial Design optimization method. Chromium removal efficiency of 98.4 % was achieved at a concentration of 100 ppm after 3 h contact time. Isotherm and kinetics have been studied.
Chromium (VI)
gamma radiation
Polyvinyl Alcohol
Maleic acid
2- hydroxyethyl methacrylate
Sargassum dentifolium
2020
06
01
2019
2035
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_59805_bb27964ccaec640e7fa8e51776313e29.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Chemistry
Egypt. J. Chem.
0449-2285
0449-2285
2020
63
6
Brine Treatment by Solar Energy: Case Study in Tor-Sinai - Egypt
Marwa
Shalaby
Hassan
Abdalla
ahmed
shaban
Heba
Mohamed
Wael
Mohamed
The absence of scalable, low energy requirement for brine treatment present a real threat and coming disaster for future generations targeting RO desalination. Brine with a certain concentration was evaporated with different solar concentrators and the effect of evaporation time on liquid concentration by variation in concentrator’s volume. The effect of different concentrator’s volume on the recovered condensate fresh water and weight of precipitated salts was showed. The thermal solar efficiency was found to exceed 90% for the different applied capacities. The concentrator volume was largely affecting the rate of evaporation in the closed and exposed ones. The excellent morphology and purity of precipitated salts with full characterization with the designed closed solar concentrator when compared with the exposed ones was shown. This morphology as spherical, agglomerated particle having a variety of particle size distribution, i.e., distinguished crystals for solar concentrator compared with continuous distribution for solar ponds. The ease of concentrator’s design and the adverse effect of volume enlargement on operability for incident solar energy 300 W/m2, makes the implementation of multilayer small capacity solar concentrator is an alternative.
RO desalination brines
solar energy
salt recovery
brine disposal
2020
06
01
2037
2049
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_73259_5df7dc2a317c9c252e85f562b55fd39e.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Chemistry
Egypt. J. Chem.
0449-2285
0449-2285
2020
63
6
Utilization of Nano-Black Sand as Filler in Styrene Butadiene Rubber Composites
Samir
Lawandy
Rania
Sayed
Basma
Saleh
Sawsan
Halim
Abstract: Black sand (BS) was obtained from Rozita Beach in Egypt. It processed, for the first time, to reach the nanoscale range using Ball Mill technique. Different techniques were used to examine the BS nanoparticles (BS-NPs) including XRD and TEM. XRD analyses showed that BS-NPs composed mainly of Albite (Sodium Aluminium Silicate) up to 64% approximately. Silicon dioxide and zirconium oxide are also included in lower amounts 17.7 and 18.5 %, respectively. TEM examinations indicated that BS-NPs size ranged from 6 to 122 nm and the main diameter value was 31 nm. Novel polymeric nanocomposites were prepared by incorporating different concentrations of BS nanoparticles (BS-NPs) in Styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) matrix. The role of BS-NPs as filler was evaluated in terms of the rheometeric and mechanical properties of the SBR/BS nanocomposites. Compression technique was used to access the crosslink density of the nanocomposites. In parallel, SBR compounds containing carbon black and nanosilica, as fillers, were studied for comparison. Cure and mechanical measurements indicated that cure characteristics somehow approached those of NSPs and tensile poperties were founf to be close in value to those of SBR-NSPs canocomposites.
Keywords: Black Sand nanoparticles
SBR nanocomposites
XRD
HR-TEM
cure and mechanical properties
2020
06
01
2051
2062
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_65388_3f9af8ffd28a8ecc7ff3783e777a435a.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Chemistry
Egypt. J. Chem.
0449-2285
0449-2285
2020
63
6
Evaluation of Styrene/Butyl-Acrylate as Modifier Additive in (NBR) Compounds Vulcanizates
Adel
khater
Ahmed
Ismael
Abbas
yehia
Mohamed
El zayat
Styrene/butyl acrylate (SBt) was prepared using in-situ seed emulsion polymerization and precipitated in an excess of methanol. The prepared (SBt) was utilized as modifier additive for acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber (NBR) in different dosage i.e. 5 phr, 10 phr, 15 phr and 20 phr. The rheometric and the physicomechanical characteristics of the vulcanizates include tensile strength, elongation at break, and swelling in toluene and motor oil were studied at room temperature before and after aging at 90 oC for up to 7 days. Moreover, morphology and dielectric properties of the modified (NBR) vulcanizates were investigated as well. It was discovered that 20 phr of the Styrene/butyl acrylate (SBt) that incorporated with (NBR) has the highest physicomechanical characteristics as well as dielectric parameters.
(NBR)
(SBt)
Dielectric properties
physicomechanical properties
Morphology
2020
06
01
2063
2074
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_58949_202d0d4ed3c5452f18e7f0b6e8e17d4a.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Chemistry
Egypt. J. Chem.
0449-2285
0449-2285
2020
63
6
A Novel Starch Nanoparticle Citrate Based Adsorbent for Removing of Crystal Violet Dye from Aqueous Solution
Ehab
Gad
Medhat
Owda
Ramadan
Mousa
Preparation of corn starch by pullulanase to obtain starch nanoparticles (StNPs) with high yield and short duration was considered as the best way for green industry of StNPs as compared with other preparation procedures. Morphology investigation of prepared StNPs by scanning electron microscope (SEM), particle size by Dynamic light scattering (DLC) and Transmission electron microscope (TEM),group changing by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and crystallinity by X-ray diffraction (XRD).Modification of StNPs via crosslinking with citric acid to obtain StNPs citrate. A novel adsorbent of obtained StNPs citrate was examined for dye-removing from aqueous solutions. Crystal violet dye was remediated with StNPs citrate to investigate the adsorption efficiency. Batch experiments were carried to study the optimum pH, contact time, adsorbent dose, initial dye concentration and temperature to assess the kinetic from isotherm of adsorption. The experimental data were best fitted to pseudo second order and Langmuir isotherms. Thermodynamic functions such as free Gibbs energy (∆G°), enthalpy (∆H°) and entropy (∆S°) of the sorption were calculated, thus indicated spontaneous and endothermic adsorption process.
Starch nanoparticles
Crystal Violet
StNPs citrate
Thermodynamics
2020
06
01
2075
2095
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_58947_cc0fe891c3ff10b66779a40f8ea285ab.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Chemistry
Egypt. J. Chem.
0449-2285
0449-2285
2020
63
6
Removal of Some Chemical Residues in the Effluents of Pharmaceutical Industries Using Magnetic Charcoal
Eslam
Tawfik
Alaa
Amin
Adel
El-Sonbati
Mostafa
Diab
Mahmoud
Ibrahim
Widespread occurrence of pharmaceuticals has started to attract attention as aquatic micropollutants that might have been affecting the ecological system in trace amounts. The risks associated with their introduction into wildlife habitats is becoming an important issue for both regulators and the pharmaceutical industry, because of incomplete elimination of pharmaceuticals wastewater and their metabolites. In this study there are different classes of pharmaceuticals. This work aims to remove some of pharmaceutical residues in industrial wastewater.The identification and quantification of chemical and pharmaceutical residues was explored using Gas Chromatography with Mass detector GC/MS spectrometer and the analytical method was used Environmental Protection Agency method (EPA625) determination of the concentration in industrial wastewater using liquid chromatography-based tandem mass spectrometry LC/MS/MS spectrometer with electrospray ionization (ESI) and the analytical method was used (EPA 1694). The study recorded occurring of different types of pharmaceutical residues with different concentration levels in wastewater. The concentration levels in wastewater were detected for caffeine at 9465 ng mL-1 and for Naproxen at 2 ng mL-1 these concentrations representing about 500 fold higher than international safety margin of treated wastewater. Magnetic activated carbon (MAC) is proposed as a new techniqe for the adsorption of pharmaceutical residues (Caffeine and Naproxen).The isotherms as well as adsorption kinetics are explored. The results obtained high adsorption capacity of caffeine and naproxen over MAC which has reached 1.8 mg g-1 and 1.6 mg g-1 after 15 min for both caffeine and naproxen. First order model is fitted well with the experimental results through a correlation coefficient (0.978) for (caffeine) and second order model is fitted well with the experimental results through a correlation coefficient (0.9887) for (Naproxen). Moreover, the adsorption of both (caffeine and naproxen) on MAC is proceeded using freundlish isotherm model considering correlation coefficient (0.953 and 0.948) respectively. The benefits of using MAC are the low cost of synthesis and its easy and fast separation from solution by using a magnet.
Magnetic charcoal
Activated carbon
chemical residues
Pharmaceutical residues
Adsorption isotherm
Thermodynamic
Reaction kinetic
2020
06
01
2097
2110
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_58941_1807e009573d9e499d1ecbc252840007.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Chemistry
Egypt. J. Chem.
0449-2285
0449-2285
2020
63
6
Optical Spectroscopic Study of Cobalt Oxide Doped Boron Glass and Its Ion Effect on Optical Properties
Yahia
Elbashar
Diaa
Rayan
Shimaa
ElGabaly
Adel
Mohamed
In this paper, the optical spectroscopic properties of Co3O4 doped borate glass with chemical composition: 60 B2O3, 30 ZnO, (10-x) Na2O, x Co3O4, (where x= 0 (S0), 0.1 (S1), 0.2 (S2), 0.3 (S3), 0.4 (S4), 0.5 (S5) mol %) were investigated. The glass samples (S0-S5) were prepared by conventional melt quenching technique. The formability of all prepared glass samples was examined by XRD and UV–visible spectroscopy techniques. The amorphous nature of glass structure was confirmed by XRD- technique. Archimedes method was used to measure density and calculate the molar volume of the prepared glass composition. It was observed that the density and molar volume of processed glass samples increased by increasing concentration of Co3O4. The optical spectroscopic characteristics of the obtained borate glass have been carried out over the whole range (190-2500nm) for studying the bandpass glass filter and UV cut-off. Through experimental data it was observed that the optical energy gap decreased from 3.25 to 3.03 eV by increasing doped cobalt oxide contents on borate glass. Furthermore, UV cut-off regions increased by increasing concentration of cobalt oxide. The effect of doping concentration on the optical properties of the prepared glass samples (refractive index, extinction coefficient, permittivity, dielectric constants, electric susceptibility and polarizability) was determined and studied.
Borate glass
Co3O4. UV-VIS spectroscopic measurements
Phosphate glass
Bandpass filter
2020
06
01
2111
2124
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_60015_3ebd06aaa4f6e40ee8267585ff98c092.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Chemistry
Egypt. J. Chem.
0449-2285
0449-2285
2020
63
6
Microwave Irradiation as A New Novel Dyeing of Polyamide 6 Fabrics by Reactive Dyes
Heba
Ghazal
Polyamide fabric was dyed with Reactive dyes using microwave irradiation at different temperatures, different duration of time, different dye concentration and different pH. The color strength K/S, tensile strength and elongation of the obtained dyeing fabrics were measured. Scanning electron microscope results showed that dyeing samples by using microwave irradiation is better than that dyeing with conventional method on polyamide fabrics surface. Fastness properties to light, rubbing, washing and perspiration for the dyed samples were measured and the Fastness properties of the fabrics by using microwave irradiation were found to be the same as conventional dyed fabrics with observed short time. The results showed that the microwave technique used for dyeing polyamide 6, fabrics had many advantages from save time, energy and money. In addition, the dyeing of polyamide 6 with reactive dye by using microwave irradiation introduced as new method.
polyamide 6
Reactive dyeing
Microwave irradiation
novel dyeing
2020
06
01
2125
2132
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_60017_efe36b6d9fe04fc762937333068e7a51.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Chemistry
Egypt. J. Chem.
0449-2285
0449-2285
2020
63
6
Rose Bengal- Pioglitazone Drug Reaction Novel Products. Structures – Biological Activity and Cytotoxicity Relationship and Evaluation with Theoretical Calculations
mohamed
Zayed
Yassmin
Farag
mahmoud
Nouman
The PIOG-RBeng reaction novel products were characterized by thermal in comparison with spectroscopic data using FT-IR, 1H-NMR, and then confirmed by XRD measurements and Theoretical computational calculations. The software of Gaussian 09W package had been used for computations. The geometries of Rose bengal (RBeng), Pioglitazone (PIOG) drug and their reaction products were optimized using B3LYP method and (DFT)/GENECP level was obtained by using Def2TZVP basis set. The basis set 6-311++G (d, p) had been used for remainder atoms. The mixed basis set was used due to its flexibility. HOMO and LUMO energy values, chemical hardness and electronegativity had been calculated for compounds. NBO calculations were made for measurement qualitatively the intra-molecular delocalization in systems under investigation on the same level using (NBO 3.1) program implanted in Gaussian 09W.The theoretical calculations involved estimation of global reactivity descriptors, local descriptors and molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) maps. TD-DFT approximation was used to calculate the FT-IR and 1HNMR spectra of the studied compounds; which actually compared with practical data. Successful correlation between experimental and theoretical calculations had been made to confirm structures of studied compounds. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to study the crystallographic structures of compounds under investigation. The practical results are also correlated to theoretical calculations of electronegativity (X), polarizability, HOMO and LUMO values of PIOG and PIOG-RBeng reaction products. The vibrational frequencies were evaluated in comparison with the corresponding normal modes at the optimized geometry. The investigated compounds are highly effective against Hepatocellular carcinoma, Breast carcinoma and Colon carcinoma cells. It is concluded that; cancer cells over expression promotes tumorigenic functions; can be suppressed by reaction products inhibitors.
Key words: Rose Bengal reagent
Pioglitazone drug
reaction products
thermal and spectroscopic studies
biological activities
theoretical calculations
2020
06
01
2133
2156
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_60014_bfca4b502e7c13be2be0bc16705c583a.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Chemistry
Egypt. J. Chem.
0449-2285
0449-2285
2020
63
6
Nano Schiff Base and Its Metal Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization Tools, Biological Applications and Molecular Docking Studies
Walaa
Mahmoud
Ahmed M.
Refaat
Gehad G.
Mohamed
A total of eight new metal complex derivatives of 4,4'-((1Z,1'Z)-(naphthalene-1,8-diylbis(azanylylidene))bis(methanylylidene))dibenzaldehyde, H2L with the metal ions Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) have been successfully prepared in alcoholic medium. The complexes obtained are characterized quantitatively and qualitatively by using micro elemental analysis, conductivity measurements, FT-IR spectroscopy, UV–Vis spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, 1HNMR, magnetic susceptibility, thermal (TG/DTG) and SEM data to illuminate their structures. The data showed that the complexes had composition of MH2L type. From the spectral study, all the complexes obtained as monomeric structure and the metals center moieties are six-coordinated with an octahedral geometry. 1H NMR spectral data of the ligand (H2L) and its Zn(II) and Cd(II) complexes agreed well with the proposed structures. Thermogravimetric data (TG and DTG) were also studied. SEM analysis confirm the nano-structures of the ligand and some of its complexes. The preliminary in vitro antibacterial and antifungal screening activity revealed that complexes showed moderate activity against tested bacterial strains and slightly higher compared to the ligand (H2L). Anticancer activity of the ligand and its metal complexes were evaluated in human cancer (MCF-7 cells viability) and human normal melanocytes (HFB-4) cell lines. The binding between H2L with receptors of crystal structure of S. aureus (PDB ID: 3Q8U), crystal structure of sialidase NanC of Streptococcus pneumoniae (4YW4), receptors of breast cancer mutant oxidoreductase (PDB ID: 3HB5) and crystal structure of Escherichia coli (PDB ID: 3T88) were expected and set in details using molecular docking.
Schiff base
1,8 diaminonephtelne
TG/DTG
Nano structure
Antibacterial
Anticancer activity
2020
06
01
2157
2176
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_63521_af5e3491b06c7bade8601bf8ffbbf829.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Chemistry
Egypt. J. Chem.
0449-2285
0449-2285
2020
63
6
Applications of Nanotechnology and Advancements in Smart Wearable Textiles: An Overview
Ahmad
Salman
Fatma A.
Metwally
Manal
El-bisi
Ghada
Emara
Abstract Nano technology has been a core of many research work for the past fifty years. Applications of nanotechnology in textiles field have increased such products value, and made these textiles as a very important part of smart inventions. Durability, comfortability, hygienic properties, UV protection, energy saving and many other properties have been achieved through using the application of nanoparticles in textiles weather through coating or encapsulation or other methods. (PANI)/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers, silver nanoparticles, single/multi-walled-nano carbon tubes (SWCNT/MWCNT) and Ag, Au and Cu nanoparticles have been used in smart and smart wearable textiles such as stretchable textiles and wearable solar textiles, triboelectric nano-generator and one-piece self-power/self-charging power textiles. Smart wearable textiles are a result of the combination between nanotechnology and smart textiles which will be the next trend of textiles research.
Key words: Nanotechnology applications
smart wearable textiles
stretchable textiles
self-power/self-charging power textiles
triboelectric nano-generator
wearable solar textiles
2020
06
01
2177
2184
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_58180_a7c0665b0228fa920d857196e5741b7b.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Chemistry
Egypt. J. Chem.
0449-2285
0449-2285
2020
63
6
Improvement of Adsorptive Voltammetric Methods for Determination of Midodrine by Carbon Paste Electrode Modified with Gold Nano Particles in Presence of Β-Cyclodextrin
Waheed
Salem
An effective novel electrochemical sensor constructed for the determination of Midodrine hydrochloride drug using differential pulse voltammetry. The sensor is based on a carbon paste electrode modified with gold nanoparticles and β-cyclodextrin in Britton-Robinson buffer of pH 3.0. The effect of various experimental parameters on the constructed electrodes properties including pH, β-cyclodextrin concentration and scan rate was investigated. At the optimum conditions, a linear range from 3.0 x 10-6 to 3.2 x 10-4 mol L-1 with correlation coefficient of 0.9997 and a detection limit of 5.14 x 10-7 mol L-1were obtained. The modified electrodes were used for microdetermination of the drug in tablets and spiked human urine samples with appropriate an acceptable recovery, reproducibility, selectivity and robustness. Potential strength investigation was achieved using 0.1 M of HCl.
Gold nanoparticles modified electrode
Midodrine hydrochloride
β-cyclodextrin
Differential Pulse Voltammetry
Urine analysis
2020
06
01
2185
2199
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_63517_118bd2e5fe19eecd2b54df72c5f938c0.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Chemistry
Egypt. J. Chem.
0449-2285
0449-2285
2020
63
6
Bioremediation of Hexavalent Chromium Widely Discharged in Leather Tanning Effluents
Ahmed
Abo Elazm
sahar
zaki
Wafaa
Abd El-Rahim
merit
rostom
A.T.
Sabbor
Hassan
Moawad
M.Z.
Sedik
The hexavalent chromium salts are widely used in many industries worldwide including leather tanning industry. The residues of these salts are discharged into the environment causing serious health hazardous to human, animals and plants. The chemical remediation of the Cr VI residues is costly and adds more pollutants to the environment. Therefore, the bioremediation of toxic hexavalent chromium residues is the aim of this study. For this purpose, the soil and wastewater samples from the heavily contaminated sites near tanneries were used for the isolation of Cr VI resistant bacteria. A total of 33 bacterial isolates was obtained from samples grown on LB medium amended with 50 mgL-1 potassium di chromate (Cr VI). These isolates were screened for their growth in the medium amended with Cr VI concentrations ranging between 100 and 200 mgL-1. Seven isolates showed tolerance to the highest concentration. These isolates were subjected to analysis of 16S rDNA genes followed by RFLP of the PCR product. The most promising isolate (No.3) that withstood the highest Cr VI concentration was further subjected to 16S rDNA gene nucleotide sequence. This isolate turned to be Microbacterim spp. with 98% similarity to the standard strain in the gene bank. The sequence was deposited in NCBI data bank under accession number mk878392. The efficiency of this indigenous strain of bacteria in removal of Cr VI from aquas solution showed that it was capable to remove 30% of Cr VI within first 20 hours then exponential increase took place after additional 20 hours. The total removal of Cr VI reached 97.2% after 96 hours of incubation. The immobilization of the strain on either alginate or chitosan accelerated the removal of Cr VI that reached 90% removal in 18 hours. This strain seems very promising as potential bioremediation agent for hexavalent chromium residues. The efficiency of this indigenous strain of bacteria in removal of Cr VI from aquas solution showed that this strain was capable to remove 30% of Cr VI in the first 20 hours then exponential increase took place after additional 20 hours. The total removal of Cr VI reached 97.2% after 96 hours of incubation. The immobilization of the same strain on either alginate or chitosan accelerated the removal of Cr VI that reached 90% removal in 18 hours. This strain looks very promising to develop as potential bioremediation agent for hexavalent chromium residues.
Hexavalent chromium
Microbacterium spp
bioremediation
Immobilization
2020
06
01
2201
2212
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_63523_de69562cbbd9abc293ba5f7eb0a8bfb8.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Chemistry
Egypt. J. Chem.
0449-2285
0449-2285
2020
63
6
Improving the Aging Effect of Bitumen and SBS Modified Bitumen by Using Newly Prepared Antioxidants
Ahmed
Mansour
N
Ghaly
Akram
Eldidamony
Maher
Nessim
Manal
Mohamed
Thermal oxidative aging of bitumen has a bad effect on the durability of bitumen binder. We aim in this research to reduce the thermal oxidative aging of bitumen by preparing two compounds namely (R-OCH3=AO1) and (R-NO2=AO2) and examined as antioxidants. These compounds characterized via the conventional spectral tools of analysis (FTIR and 1H-NMR). They mixed with local bitumen (60/70) at different concentrations ratios (0.25, 0.5 and 1%) then aged via TFOT at 170°C for 5 hours. The effect of them evaluated based on the changes in FTIR, total acid number (TAN) and the physical properties of bitumen before and after the thermal oxidation. The results showed that 0.5, 1% of AO1 antioxidant gave the best results of modification of bitumen. After the samples modified with these two concentration ratios of antioxidant AO1, they mixed with 3% Styrene Butadiene Styrene (SBS) polymer then aged via TFOT at 170˚C for 5 hours. The effect of the antioxidant in reducing the aging of the SBS modified bitumen (SBSMB) was evaluated through the changes in FTIR, TAN and the physical properties of bitumen before and after the thermal oxidation. The results illustrated that the best modification of SBSMB was at 1% (AO1).
Bitumen
Oxidative Aging
antioxidants
Physical Properties and Total Acid Number
2020
06
01
2213
2233
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_58940_36d9aebf42dd4b2e18c946416fec9c67.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Chemistry
Egypt. J. Chem.
0449-2285
0449-2285
2020
63
6
Synthesis of 2-Alkylbenzimidazole Moiety as a Novel Antioxidant and Its Effect on Physico-mechanical and Electrical Properties of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber
Ayman
Mohammed
Emad
Shafik
Ahmed
Hussein
Hamed
Derbala
Ahmed
Elziaty
Galal
Elsayed
In the present work, 2-propyl-, and 2-heptyl-, 1H-benzo[d]imidazole were prepared by condensation reaction of o-phenylenediamine with n-butanoic acid and n-octanoic acid, respectively. The prepared products were characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR spectroscopy and melting point. These products were incorporated into acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) composites with two different fillers (Silica and High Abrasion Furnace carbon black HAF) as an antioxidant additive with different concentrations from 1up to 2 phr as a comparison with 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquino-line (TMQ) as a traditional antioxidant. Their effects on the rheometric, physico-mechanical and electrical properties of NBR composites were evaluated. Thermo-oxidative aging was carried out for NBR composites and distribution of the prepared products observed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).The results showed that the prepared products can act as highly efficient antioxidants in acrylonitrile butadiene rubber vulcanizates comparing with commercial antioxidant TMQ and revealed that there was enhancement in mechanical properties of NBR composites that containing the prepared products, as well. The results also illustrated that the optimum ratio from 2-alkylbenzimidazole incorporated into acrylonitrile butadiene rubber vulcanizates is 1.5 phr if compared with the same ratio from traditional antioxidant (TMQ).
2-Alkyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole
2
4-trimethyl-1
2-dihydroquinoline
antioxidant
physico-mechanical and electrical properties
2020
06
01
2235
2248
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_65389_e004bd6cc6a585e930d6c853b6e20359.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Chemistry
Egypt. J. Chem.
0449-2285
0449-2285
2020
63
6
Fabrication of Acrylic Modified Surface of Polyamide 6/CaO Electrospun Nanofibrous Membrane for Effective Dye Removal
Rokaya
Sobh
Basma
Ekram
Wael
Mohamed
Abstract: Polyamide 6 nanofibrous membrane of low molecular weight were obtained with various concentration between 25 and 45% (wt/v) by electrospinning of the polymer solution. Polyamide 6 nanofibers containing calcium oxide nanoparticles (PA6/CaO) were successfully obtained with various CaO concentration (0.2-1.0 % wt/wt). The structure of the electrospun nanofiber was studied with the aid of scanning electron microscopy that indicated that smooth and continuous electrospun nanofibers were obtained at optimum conditions with nanofibrous diameter about 60-70 nm and CaO nanoparticles were distributed through the nanofibers with a slightly increase in the nanofibrous diameter. The surfaces of the obtained PA6 and PA6/CaO nanofibers were modified by grafting polymerization with methacrylic acid MAA. The grafting polymerization was investigated through SEM and ATR-FTIR. The grafting polymerization was investigated also by examination of the sorption capacity of the produced modified PA6-g-MAA and PA6/CaO-g-MAA nanofibrous membranes in removal of basic dye by studying removal of Basic Red BR18 dyestuff. The data showed that the percentage of dye removal using polyamide6 / CaO nanofibrous membrane grafted with MAA is more than that of grafted pure polyamide 6 nanofibrous membrane. The optimum conditions for removal of BR18 dye was observed at pH 10 under 60 oC.
Electrospinning
polyamide 6
nanofibrous membrane
basic dye removal
2020
06
01
2249
2260
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_63529_55ad473f8c519004fa6c8155ac4c4b89.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Chemistry
Egypt. J. Chem.
0449-2285
0449-2285
2020
63
6
Superior-mechanical, Microstructure Properties of Composite Cement Incorporating SiO2-nano-particles
Mohamed
Heikal
H.
El-Didamony
I.M.
Helmy
S.
Awad
N.S.
Ibrahim
The impact of silica-nano-particles (SNP) on the hydration characteristics of composite cement containing flyash (FA) and/or fine granulated slag (FGS) was investigated. The physico-chemical characteristics of different composite-pastes are studied in the presence of 4mass% SNP and 40% FA and/or FGS with the existence of 1mass% polycarboxylate superplasticizer (SP). The physicomechanical characteristics are studied by determination of the consistency, setting times (STs), compressive strength (CS), total porosity, (TP), bulk density (BD), chemically combined water (Wn), free lime (FL) contents and gel/space ratio (X). The phase composition of the formed hydrates is investigated using XRD, DTA∕TGA, and SEM techniques. The represented data shown that 4% SNP improve the hydration process of the composite cement pastes and exhibit superior-compressive strength than neat-cement without SNP, this is due to nano-sized-particles and higher-efficiency of good pozzolanic-action of SNP in the comparison with FA and FGS. The composite cement containing OPC–40%FGS–4%NS in presence of 1%SP possess the highest improvement of mechanical-properties, hydration-kinetics, and microstructure of hardened cement pastes.
Silica-nano-particles
physicochemical characteristics of composite- cement pastes
gel/space ratio
and compressive strength
2020
06
01
2261
2272
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_69930_c80409e1449e5b36a5cc0a713a01aa21.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Chemistry
Egypt. J. Chem.
0449-2285
0449-2285
2020
63
6
Identification of Polyphenolic Compounds and Hepatoprotective Activity of Artichoke (Cynara Scolymus L.) Edible Part Extracts in Rats
Amani
Elmosallamy
Nabil
Abdel-Hamid
Lamis
Srour
Sahar
Hussein
Chemical analysis of edible parts (fleshy receptacle, inner bracts) of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L., Asteraceae) are identified by using high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI-MS) method, the overall polyphenolic constituents demonstrated profiling flavonoids as, luteolin, luteolin-O-glycoside and luteolin-7-O-rutinoside , apigenin. The hydroxycinnamic derivatives detected in this work belong to mono- and di-caffeoylquinic acid compounds assigned as quinic acid and chlorogenoquinone, chlorogenic acid and neochlorogenic acids, gallic acid , dicaffeoylquinic acid , vanillic acid , syringic acid , p-coumaric acid , caffeic acid , cynarin , ferulic acid , tannic acid were investigated. This study aimed to elucidate the synergistic effect and the role of artichoke extract (receptacle and bracts)for treatment of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).The hepatocarcinogenesis was induced by Thioacetamide ( TAA) the results showed that TAA caused liver damage as proved by significant increase in Liver enzyme markers serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase along with total protein (TP) levels activities , The levels of total bilirubin (T-Bil) activity showed significant decrease in serum content of bilirubin and marked significant decrease in albumin content. Also, induced oxidative stress as pointed out an increase in Metalloproteinase (MMP-3, MMP-9 and MMP-12) activities compared with the control values. Treatment with artichoke significantly reduced the elevation in liver enzymes and oxidative stress; it also induced apoptosis by inhibition of metalloproteinase compared to HCC group.
Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.), HPLC-ESI/Mass , flavonoids, phenolic contents, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
Metalloproteinase
2020
06
01
2273
2285
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_70071_683eb2de4c70e0ef78747abfa47ca3fc.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Chemistry
Egypt. J. Chem.
0449-2285
0449-2285
2020
63
6
Case Study: The impact of Low Salinity Waterflooding on Sandstone Reservoirs at Egypt’s Western Deser
MOHAMED
MOHAMED
adel
salem
ahmed
gawish
mahmoud
tantawy
Surface chemistry has a great effect in enhancing oil recovery (EOR). For oil-wet sandstone reservoirs, low salinity waterflooding (LSWF) is effective as it can alter rock wettability and reduce the oil/water interfacial tension. LSWF application is related to the rock’s clay content and type. Clay hydrocarbon bonding can be formed through many mechanisms such as van deer forces and ionic bridge. LSWF effect is to weaken these bonds through two main mechanisms, Double Layer Expansion (DLE) and Multicomponent Ionic Exchange (MIE). This research figure out the impact of LSWF application through a comparsion between two fields (S & D), in Egypt’s Western Desert, which have depleted strongly oil-wet reservoirs with similar rock & fluid Properties. Field (S) is flooded by low salinity water (LSW), while field (D) is flooded by high salinity water (HSW). Fortunately, the LSWF application was with no extra desalination cost as the water source for field (S) flooding is a LSW aquifer zone, which has a salinity +/- 5000 ppm as total dissolved solids (TDS). Water Susceptibility for Field (S) rock showed good compatibility between the injected LSW, formation water and rock minerals. XRD and SEM for field (S) indicate calcareous cementation with detrital clays content around 5% which is mainly kaolinite. This composition helps to activate the LSWF effect. For field (S), the estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) is 46%, while EUR for field (D) is 39%. One of the main causes of this increase in field (S) is the successful LSWF application.
Low salinity water flooding
wettability
oil-wet
concentration
recovery
water cut
EOR
2020
06
01
2287
2300
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_79825_ce3ca91dc837b9a4adb168914dca2f30.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Chemistry
Egypt. J. Chem.
0449-2285
0449-2285
2020
63
6
Rice Milk Fortification Using Calcium Hydroxyl Phosphate Nanoparticles and Hydrolyzed Peanut Protein Fractions
samy
abdel hamid
khaled
Farroh
suzan
wagdy
engy
akl
This study aimed to develop a rice milk-based meal (Roz Bel Laban) containing the necessary nutrients for overcome malnutrition problems. The meal was prepared in three stages and its antimicrobial activities and sensory properties were evaluated. First, calcium hydroxyl phosphate nanoparticles (CaHPNPs) were synthesized. Their morphology and particle size were examined by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and the composition was investigated by X-ray diffraction. Second, peanut meal (PM) was hydrolyzed with different solvents using ultrasonic waves and analyzed by native and SDS electrophoresis. Third, both CaHPNPs and hydrolyzed peanut (HP) were added while cooking the rice milk. The rice milk cooked with (HP + CaHPNPs) showed greater quality and storage time than that cooked with HP only. The quality and storage time were the lowest for the control. The fortified rice milk also displayed various antimicrobial activities. The bacterial species most affected by the HP extract were Salmonella typhi (inhibition zone = 11.5 mm) and B. cereus (inhibition zone = 11.0 mm). All fortified rice milk was free of proteolytic and lipolytic bacteria, while two bacterial isolates were categorized based on their phenotypic characteristics in the control. Our findings suggest that HP and CaHPNPs can be used to improve the nutritional value and antibacterial properties of prepared foods.
calcium hydroxyl phosphate nanoparticles
peanut meal
bioactive compounds
antioxidant
Electrophoresis
Antimicrobial
sensory properties
2020
06
01
2301
2318
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_65390_7b0300dbe399eabb328cd190c4aba267.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Chemistry
Egypt. J. Chem.
0449-2285
0449-2285
2020
63
6
Effect of Gamma Irradiation on High Lead Borate Glass Doped with Tungsten Oxide
E.
Nabhan
M.A.
El-Ahdal
W. H.
El-Abbady
S. S.
Elosily
X-ray, Ultraviolet and Fourier Transform infrared spectral properties of tungsten ions doped in a host lead borate glass have a composition [60%PbO and 40%B2O3 weight%] was studied. Effect of gamma irradiation on the prepared glass samples was surveyed. Amorphization of the studied glass samples have been checked by X ray. Deep inspection for density, molar volume, UV and FTIR for base glass and tungsten oxide with different concentrations (0.15-2.28) weight% proved that the tungsten ions are pronounced as structural groups mostly in the hexavalent W6+. The constancy of optical absorption spectral curves reversed the shielding behavior for this combined glass towards successive gamma irradiation. Glasses containing high lead oxide content are extensively used for multi-applications including lead crystal glass and some special optical glasses, low-melting solder glasses and radiation protection windows and even in immobilization of radioactive nuclear wastes.
Keywords: Lead borate glass
Density and molar volume
FT-IR spectroscopy
Gamma Irradiation
Optical characteristics
Gamma attenuation
2020
06
01
2319
2330
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_63533_256e5bcedfc9dc1ec8f8789689d8ec01.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Chemistry
Egypt. J. Chem.
0449-2285
0449-2285
2020
63
6
Enhancement of Photocatalytic Activity for Nanostructured ZnO Thin Film Prepared by Pulsed Spray Pyrolysis
Mohamed
Obaida
Ibarhim
Moussa
Shimaa
Hassan
Hassan
Afify
Ahmed
Abouelsayed
Simple pulsed spray pyrsolysis (PSP) technique is used to prepare pure nanostructured zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films at different deposition temperatures and spraying times on glass substrates. XRD measurements show polycrystalline ZnO hexagonal wurtzite phase preferably oriented perpendicular through c- axis along (002) plane. SEM images demonstrate the formation of highly ordered hexagonal nanorods with a crystallite sizes ranged from 40 to 500 nm depending on the film thickness. Optical measurements show transmittance of nearly 90% at low thicknesses (189.1µm) and about 60% for higher thickness (233.8 µm) with a calculated energy band gap values spanning from 2.85 to 3.20 eV. Photocatalytic activity is performed on selected ZnO samples have highly oriented nanorods with large hexagonal cross-section area. Photocatalytic activity takes place on etched and as prepared ZnO film samples by monitoring photodegradation process of methylene blue MB using double beam spectrophotometer. Etched samples show higher photo activity than non- etched ones.
ZnO thin films
pulsed spray pyrolysis (PSP) technique
selective etching
methylene blue (MB)
photocatalysis
2020
06
01
2331
2344
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_63528_7c40dde1df23b53e211572596e70fab9.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Chemistry
Egypt. J. Chem.
0449-2285
0449-2285
2020
63
6
Study of Co(II) Transfer through a Ceramic Supported Liquid Membrane Impregnated with Di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric Acid (D2HEPA)
Amany
Kassem
The permeation of Co(II) and Pb((II) ions from an aqueous feed solution through a ceramic disc supported liquid membrane impregnated in D2HEPA as a carrier was studied. The effects of Co (II) and Pb (II) ions, HNO3 in feed phase and D2HEPA in kerosene, EDTA as stripping solution (0.1-2) mol/L in ceramic membrane concentrations have been studied. The concentration of cations increase in the feed phase due to an increase in flux from (15.8-21.2)×10−9 in the Co(II) and (7.22-14.83)x10-9 mol/m2.s in Pb(II) ions, concentration in the range (7.98–26.45)×10−4 mol/L for cobalt and(5.66-13.71)x10-4 mol/L for lead ions respectively, [H3O]+ increasing with [NO3]- from 2 mol/L results into an increase in cobalt ions flux.The optimum conditions for Co (II) ions transport at 2mol/L HNO3 in feed phase and 2mol/L D2HEPA in ceramic membrane. It has been showed that cobalt and lead ions in flux increases. Applying the studied conditions indicated more than 98.7% removal of Co(II) ions and 66.4% of Pb (II) respectively.
Ceramic disc
Supported liquid membrane
EDTA
D2HEPA
Permeation
2020
06
01
2345
2353
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_85807_8f7463d8b0da5912502d0e940c9090a5.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Chemistry
Egypt. J. Chem.
0449-2285
0449-2285
2020
63
6
Synthesis of Dibenzofuran Derivatives Possessing Anticancer Activities: A Review
Gaber
Moustafa
Asma
Al-Wasidi
Ahmed
Naglah
Moamen
Refat
This review focuses on reports concerning the isolation and/or synthesis of dibenzofuran derivatives’ isolation and synthesis (whether one of them or both occurs simultaneously) existing naturally while exhibiting evident biological anticancer activity. While not a comprehensive approach to all relevant compounds, the review intends to demonstrate anticancer activity’s reach related to said compounds instead and the various natural origins and synthetic methods from which and by which the compounds are to be secluded and prepared. Compounds with reduced benzene rings, e.g., morphine as well as its derivatives, are omitted, same for compounds with aromaticity disrupted by alkylation, as with usnic acid.
dibenzofuran derivatives
Anticancer activities
polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins
polychlorinated biphenyl
2020
06
01
2355
2367
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_69526_47378b54ef8786031840ec8aa69ac9b8.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Chemistry
Egypt. J. Chem.
0449-2285
0449-2285
2020
63
6
Effect of Punicalagin as Natural Antioxidant on The Oxidative Stability of Canola Oil during Storage
Hadeil
Alsufiani
Rasha
Mansouri
Arwa
Almalki
Amjad
Alsolami
Lujain
Kuddah
Raghad
Yamani
Nourah
Alghashmari
Ulfat
omar
The present study intends to determine the effect of punicalagin as natural antioxidant on stabilising canola oil during 90 days storage and also to compare its strength with the synthetic antioxidant Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Canola oil samples were categorized into three groups; pure oil (control), oil with Punicalagin and oil with BHT. Peroxide value (PV) and free fatty acid (FFA) were used to estimate the primary products of oil oxidation while Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) and P-Anisidine values (PAV) were used to estimate the secondary products. Finally, total oxidation index was calculated to evaluate the overall oxidation of oil samples. The results showed that PV, FFA, PAV and TOTOX were significantly increased in all canola oil samples with increased in storage time. In contrast, The TBARS values continued to increase from the starting storage period until 60 days and then decreased significantly until the end of the storage period. Punicalagin effectively reduces the production of the first and second oxidation products of canola oil during storage as indicated by the reduction in the PV, FFA, PAV and TOTOX of canola oil. When compared to BHT, punicalagin showed similar effect in inhibiting primary oxidation products whereas BHT showed stronger effect in reducing the secondary oxidation products. In conclusion, punicalagin can be used as a suitable replacement for chemically synthetic antioxidants on stabilising canola oil.
oxidative stability
natural antioxidant
punicalagin
canola oil
Storage
2020
06
01
2369
2378
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_77287_f228912fe29ba888f6357e99b7b6c2b9.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Chemistry
Egypt. J. Chem.
0449-2285
0449-2285
2020
63
6
Improving Dyeing Parameters of Polyester/Cotton Blended Fabrics by Caustic Soda, Chitosan, and Their Hybrid
Nora M.
Hilal
S.H.
Gomaa
A.A.
ELsisi
The production of polyester fibers has been dynamically increased, accompanied by the common use of polyester-cotton blends. In this research work, polyester (100%), cotton (100%), and polyester-cotton blend fabrics (50/50) have been subjected to treat with caustic soda, chitosan and their hybrid, followed by one-bath two-stage dyeing with reactive dye (Reactive Red 198 RR198), to study their dyeing performance and morphology. SEM images of polyester treated and untreated with caustic soda, it describes the ease of adsorption on the alkaline modified fabric surface. The one bath two step method was used to shorten the dyeing process, increase yield and reduce the utility and chemical cost. In the final stage, the dyed fabrics were tested for color strength (K/S) value, dye intensity, fixation% in addition to, fastness properties evaluated by testing the light, washing and perspiration fastness properties of the dye. The results clearly show that for all pre- treated fabrics using caustic soda (90 g/dm3 of caustic soda, 100 min ; 80oC), favorable absorption of reactive dye RR198, resulting a high color strength and fixation % due to surface modification of polyester and mercerization of cotton fabrics. The effect of chitosan pretreatment on dyeability, fastness, and some physicochemical properties has been investigated. Hybrid treatments of textile materials by combining alkali and chitosan are potentially the most effective for improved dye color strength and fixation % and it could be applied as a novel approach to textile dyeing and finishing.
dyeing
Reactive dye
polyester/ cotton blend
mass loss
chitosan caustic soda and fastness
2020
06
01
2379
2393
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_86629_8e36c99604ff1ed71d50bed49f5ec5da.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Chemistry
Egypt. J. Chem.
0449-2285
0449-2285
2020
63
6
Evaluation of Phthalate Levels in Toys in Egyptian Market
Mohsen
Zareh
M. I.
Abd El-Rahim
A.F.
El-Farargy
Mohamed
Gouda
The occurrence and levels of three common phthalates in toys and children products sold in the Egyptian market were investigated for first time. The investigated phthalates were diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and dioctyl phthalate (DOP). Phthalates were extracted from samples by solid-liquid extraction followed by cleanup process. The samples were analyzed using HPLC system coupled with UV detector. The results showing presence of phthalates in most samples with levels exceeds the allowed values. Diethyl phthalates varied from 0.002% to 0.62% (in 65% of samples), dibutyl phthalate varied from 0.008% to 0.93% (in 60% of samples) and dioctyl phthalate varied from 0.02% to 1.15% (in 90% of samples). Raman spectra was used as reference method to verify the presence of the tested plasticizers (DEP, DOP and DBP) into the toy samples.
Phthalates
Determination
HPLC analysis
children toys
2020
06
01
2395
2403
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_58619_58b171cb94676e15184908522939e03d.pdf