ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Physico-chemical Study of Surface Seawater in The Northwestern Gulf of Suez
SUEZ Canal is a narrow artificial water way in Egypt that joins the ….. Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea. The Suez Canal passes through an area with a considerable agricultual and industrial activities, so that the chemical and petrochemical pollution from oil transporting process can be effective. Eight surface seawater samples were collected from different sites extended from Suez Harbor up to Fertilizer factory, and both of Al-Osra and Al-Melaha beaches along Suez Gulf. The objective of this study is the monitoring and assessing the contamination of water by chemical and petrochemical pollutions. This study includes physical and chemical parameters of water such as PH values, conductivity, salinity, T.D.S, T.S.S, T.S, D.O., BOD, COD, Cl-, SO4-, NO-3and total alkalinity. Seasonal qualitative and quantitative studies have been carried out on the studied area. The concentration is relatively higher than recommended in the regulations of the Egyptian low environment No.4/1994. Results obtained from the present study should be considered when implementing a strategy for the protection and management of the Suez Gulf. Because the Suez Gulf is used in many areas as a recipient of waste water from different sources this study recommended that pollution control for wastewater disposing into it should be improved. More detailed studies are required to assess the impact of hydro- development projects and evaluate their effect on the studied area and monitoring should be conducted at least twice per year.
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_1117_8538b46049698aa47e6c5a80584a4c91.pdf
2013-12-30
345
365
10.21608/ejchem.2013.1117
Physico-chemical properties
Seawater analysis
Suez Gulf
nutrient salts
Total alkalinity and Ion concentration
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Innovative Technology for Multifunctionalization of Cotton Fabric through Cellulase Biotreatment, Reactive Dyeing and Easy Care Finishing
INNOVATIVE technology for preparation of multifunctionalized ….. cotton fabrics with high technical performance was established. The innovation entailed the following consecutive sequence: cotton fabrics were subjected to cellulase biotreatment followed by reactive dyeing then easy care finishing treatment. pH was adjusted at 7 before commencing dyeing and finishing. No washing or drying was involved in the sequence. The so obtained fabrics displayed high technical performance as monitored by color strength, wrinkle recovery angle, retained strength in addition to softness and smoothness. Anchoring the enzyme to the cotton fabric ought to be taken as one of the reasons accounting for such high performance. It is believed that the enzyme protein molecules are fixed and immobilized within the molecules structure of cotton via their attachment to the cellulose hydroxyls by the finish molecules. The latter acts as bridges connecting the protein molecules of the enzyme with the cellulose macromolecules of the cotton fabric.
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_1118_b0e7657f6c9b83b2dd2d3435d3f4dc49.pdf
2013-12-30
367
377
10.21608/ejchem.2013.1118
reactive dyes
Cotton Fabrics
Cellulase enzyme and Crosslinking
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Fatty Acids in Heterocyclic Synthesis Part XI: Facile and Convenient Routes to Synthesize Ecofriendly Polyfunctionalized Thiadiazoles, Triazole, Thiadiazolo [3,2-a] pyrimidines and Imidazo [2,1-b] thiadiazole for Pharmaceutical and Industrial Purposes
IN AN one pot procedure 1,3- and 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds (ethyl cyanoacetate, ethyl acetoacetate, diethyl malonate, acetylacetone and oxalyl chloride) were reacted in different solvents with the readily available 2-amino-5-heptadecyl thiadiazole to produce novel polyfunctionalized thiadiazoles, fused thiadiazolo [3,2-
a] pyrimidines ,and imidazo [2,1-a]thiadiazole. The reaction of 2-amino-5-heptadecyl thiadiazole with triethylorthoformate, 2-naphthaldehyde, succinic anhydride, and hydroxylamine hydrochloride was also carried out. Moreover, the biological activities of the synthesized compounds were screened in vitro against some bacteria and fungi. Tetracycline was taken as a standard antibacterial agent and amphotericin B as a standard antifungal agent. It was reported that 3-amino-5-heptadecyl [1,2,4] triazol-4-ol showed very high activity against G- bacteria, while thiadiazolo [3,2-a] pyrimidines and imidazo [2,1-a] thiadiazole exhibited high activity against G+ bacteria. In addition structure-activity relationship (SAR) study was carried out. For industrial purposes, propylene oxide was added to the synthesized compounds and for the produced compounds . Surface properties such as surface and interfacial tension, cloud point, wetting time, emulsion stability, and foam height which can be used were measured. They indicate a possibility to use these compounds in the manufacture of textiles, dyes, and cosmetics. Their biodegradability has been evaluated to ensure that these compounds are ecofriendly ones.
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_1119_e49c6d827667f8f31e22967a0ded30e5.pdf
2013-12-30
379
400
10.21608/ejchem.2013.1119
Stearic acid
2-Aminothiadiazole
triazole
Surface active agents
Antimicrobial
Thiadiazolo [3
2-a] pyrimidines and Imidazo [2
1-a] thiadiazole
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Synthesis of Some Amino Acid and Peptide Conjugates and their Evaluation as Potential Anti-allergic and Anti-inflammatory Agents
ANEW series of N-3-(2-furanyl) acryloyl, N-3-(5-methyl)-2- ……(furanyl)-acryoyl amino acids, peptide and piprazines amids, were structurally designed and synthesized. About 23 compounds (5a-w) were synthesized and their anti-allergic and anti-inflamatory activities were evaluated relative to those of Loratadine (Clorinix®) and Diclofenac®. All the obtained products showed good anti-allergic activities with the greatest activities recorded for compounds (5g, 5h, 5j, 5k, 5m, 5n, 5v and 5w). All compounds showed LD50 with safety margin. On the other hand most compounds have no anti-inflamatory activities except products (5d, 5e and 5p).
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_1120_1db21814b146e5e1c3bf5c7317af2d03.pdf
2013-12-30
401
415
10.21608/ejchem.2013.1120
3-(2-Furanyl)acrylic acid
Amino acids
Piprazines and Anti-allerg and Anti-inflammatory
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Synthesis and Evaluation of New Environment-Friendly Starch Hydroxypropyl Phosphate as Flocculant
PHOSPHATE adduct, namely, 2-hydroxy-3-chloropropylphosphate was reacted with starch in presence of sodium hydroxide catalyst according to the dry process to yield starch hydroxypropyl phosphate. The reaction was conducted under a variety of conditions and the extent of reaction expressed as DS (degree of substitution), was found to rely on catalyst concentration and phosphate adduct concentration as well as duration and temperature of the reaction. In this way starch molecules bearing different amounts of hydroxypropyl phosphate groups could be achieved. Evaluation of these starch hydroxypropyl phosphates as flocculant for ferric laurate and kaolin was performed under different conditions including dose, phosphorus content, pH of the flocculation and molar mass. The results obtained advocate the namely synthesized starch hydroxypropyl phosphates as a good candidate for flocculation vis-à-vis the well known poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) which is used as industrial flocculant.
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_1121_6efb2b04f5768e3f214055d8b2ffd7f5.pdf
2013-12-30
417
433
10.21608/ejchem.2013.1121
flocculation
Ferric laurate
kaolin
Poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) and Starch hydroxpropyl phosphate
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Imparting Biocidal Properties to Wool Fabrics Using Salicylanilide Derivatives
PRODUCTION of biocidal fabrics, required by many consumers, is ...... one of the interesting properties nowadays. Imparting a permanent biocidal property to wool fabrics was achieved through the reaction of wool with a synthesized biocidal compound namely 2-(4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazin-2-yloxy)–N-phenylbenzamide (reactive salicylanilide). Reactive salicylanilide was prepared through the reaction of 2,4,6-Trichloro-1,3,5-triazine and salicylanilide. The reaction mechanism was proposed and supported by FTIR. The reaction between wool and the synthesized biocidal agent, with regard to agent concentration, treatment pH, time and temperature were assessed spectrophotometrically. Antimicrobial properties as well as insect resistance of the treated wool fabrics were assessed quantitatively.
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_1122_a5a07e5713ddd1ed74f5ab87c0bfcd51.pdf
2013-12-30
435
447
10.21608/ejchem.2013.1122
Salicylanilide
Wool fabric
Antimicrobial Activity and Moth proofing
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Issue of Pharmaceutical Compounds in Water and Wastewater: Sources, Impact and Elimination
PHARMACEUTICALS are designed to have a physiological effect …..on humans and animals in trace concentrations. Persistence against biological degradation and their biological activity are key properties of these pollutants. Increasing consumption of pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) and their discharge to the municipal wastewater via excrete are a growing danger for water quality and thus for the health of citizens.
The entire discharge volume of medicines into the sewage net and the inefficiency of suitable wastewater treatment solutions to face such a problem, leads to high pharmaceuticals content in the drinking water. Due to its low degradability, 80% of these substances are raw discharged by excretion and flushed to the toilets and sewers to the sewage plants, where no rejection takes place, thus leading to growth of bacterial resistance. This leads to high pharmaceuticals content in the drinking water, people assimilate these substances, resulting in every time higher difficulties when treating common illnesses.
The aim of the present article is to review the issue of PhACs in the environment. The review focuses on the source, presence, fate, elimination, and treatment of PhACs in water and wastewater. This review includes: characteristics, occurrence and pathways of PhACs in water and wastewater, fate in the oriented sanitation, environmental and public health impacts. Furthermore, preventing pharmaceuticals in drinking-water, treatment technologies for their removal, knowledge gaps and future research for pharmaceuticals in drinking-water are also discussed. Advanced oxidation techniques, biological treatment systems, separation and treatment of urine for PhACs removal as effective tools are evaluated.
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_1123_e94d2981f0911cdb66f7e547cf855991.pdf
2013-12-30
449
471
10.21608/ejchem.2013.1123
Pharmaceuticals
Personal care products
Wastewater
Industrial wastes
Hospital wastewater
Urine and Faeces
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Synthesis of Novel Cyclopeptide Candidates: I-Cyclo-[Nα-isophthaloyl-bis-(Glycine-Amino Acid)-L-Lysine] Derivatives with Expected Anticancer Activity
THE SEARCH for potent cytotoxic agents, namely anticancers, ……...presents and updated area of the organo-biochemical literature.
Herein, N
α-isophthaloyl bridged cyclo-pentapeptides, having the structure: Cyclo-[Nα- isophthaloyl-bis - (Glycine - Amino Acid)-L-Lys] -Y, 11 - 19, whereas, “Amino Acid” stands for “Glycine” or “L-Phenylalanine” or “Sarcosine” and Y represents: methyl ester or carboxylic or hydrazide group were, newly, synthesized.
Synthetically, hydrolysis of the starting linear tetra peptide bis-esters 5, 6 and 7 afforded the corresponding free acids, 8, 9 and 10, respectively, whilst upon their cyclization with L-lysine methyl ester, the cyclopeptide esters 11, 12 and 13 were, respectively, obtained. Hydrolysis or hdyrazinolysis of these cyclopeptide esters resulted in the cyclopeptide acids 14, 15 and 16 or hydrazides 17, 18 and 19.
Thus, Cyclo-[N
α-isophthaloyl-bis-(Gly-Gly)-L–Lys]-OMe, 11, Cyclo-[Nα-iso-phthaloyl-bis-(Gly-L-Phe)-L–Lys]-OMe, 12, Cyclo-(Nα-isophthaloyl- bis- (Gly-Sar)- L–Lys]-OMe, 13, Cyclo- [Nα-isophthaloyl- bis- (Gly-Gly)-L– Lys]- OH, 14, Cyclo-[Nα—iso-phthaloyl- bis- (Gly-L-Phe)-L–Lys]-OH, 15, Cyclo-[Nα-isophthaloyl-bis-(Gly-Sar)-L–Lys]-OH, 16, Cyclo- [Nα-isophthaloyl- bis (Gly-Gly)-L–Lys]-NHNH2 , 17, Cyclo-[Nα-isophthaloyl-bis-(Gly-L-Phe)-L–Lys]-NHNH2 , 18, Cyclo-[Nα-iso-phthaloyl-bis- (Gly-Sar)- L–Lys]-NHNH2 19, were rendered available, via conventional peptide synthesis, in solution.
A preliminary cytotoxicity evaluation (National Cancer Institute, Cairo, EGYPT), for a representative example, namely, candidate 12, against eight human cancer cell lines, seemed interesting. The detailed comparative results with those of five common anticancer drugs and their complementary biological and biochemical assays, for all the candidates, are envisioned, and will be published elsewhere.
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_1124_cf4a4aea897f7b8d9277ff9782ac010d.pdf
2013-12-30
473
494
10.21608/ejchem.2013.1124
Anticancers
Cytotoxicity
Cyclopeptides and Nα-isophthaloyl-bis-peptides