ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Study of Oleaster Oil’s Falsification by ATR-FTIR and Chemometrics Tools
This study aims to create a model of oleaster oil simply and reliably to detect adulteration, which presents a large danger that attacks the food sector and human health. For this reason, a study to detect the falsification of oleaster oil was carried out by Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy FTIR and chemometric method. The experimental samples are shared into two sets, 32 Training set, 8 Test set (4 calibration samples opposite one for validation), and a falsification interval of 1.5-40%. The treatment of infrared spectral results has been done by chemometrics techniques utilizing Partial Least Squares regression or Projection to Latent Structures (PLSR) and Principal Component Regression (PCR). The results show that the perfect falsification model of oleaster oil by olive-oil and soybean oil is illustrated in the spectral region 3050-2700 cm-1, with R2 of 0.999 from PLSR and PCR to soybean-oil, concerning olive-oil shows also the better results for the PLSR technical with R2 of 0.995. The spectral and chemometrics results revealed an effective model that can detect adulteration whatever the type of adulterant used in this study (olive oil and soybean oil) with a percentage of adulteration ranging from 1.5% to 40%.
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_158331_b695bb21def3501a2f08202568705c25.pdf
2021-06-01
2747
2755
10.21608/ejchem.2021.53644.3107
Infrared spectroscopy
PLS
PCR
falsification
oleaster oil
olive oil
soybean oil
Moulouda
El mouftari
moulouda.elmouftari1988@gmail.com
1
Université sultan Moulay Slimane, Laboratoire de Spectro-chimiometrie appliquée et Environnement, Faculté des Sciences et techniques de Beni Mellal, Maroccoo
AUTHOR
Fatima
Mahjoubi
mahjoubi.fatimazahra@gmail.com
2
Université sultan Moulay Slimane, Laboratoire de Spectro-chimiometrie appliquée et Environnement, Faculté des Sciences et techniques de Beni Mellal, Maroccoo
AUTHOR
Fouzia
Kzaiber
fouziakzaiber@yahoo.fr
3
Université sultan Moulay Slimane, Ecole Supérieure de Technologie de Beni Mellal, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie et Technologies Appliquées (LITA), Maroccoo
AUTHOR
Wafa
Terouzi
w.terouzi@usms.ma
4
Université sultan Moulay Slimane, Ecole Supérieure de Technologie de Beni Mellal, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie et Technologies Appliquées (LITA), Maroccoo
AUTHOR
Gomaa
Ali
gomaasanad@gmail.com
5
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, 71524, Assiut, Eg
LEAD_AUTHOR
Said
Souhassou
said.souhassou@gmail.com
6
Université sultan Moulay Slimane, Laboratoire de Spectro-chimiometrie appliquée et Environnement, Faculté des Sciences et techniques de Beni Mellal, Maroccoo
AUTHOR
Abdelkhalek
Oussama
oussamaabdelkhalek@yahoo.fr
7
Université sultan Moulay Slimane, Laboratoire de Spectro-chimiometrie appliquée et Environnement, Faculté des Sciences et techniques de Beni Mellal, Maroccoo
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Physicochemical Impacts of Formation and Assembly of Quantum Dots Flowery Island of the (Sr-Cr-O) Semiconductor
Abstract In this paper, we fabricate a reactive self-assembled nanostructure of strontium chromium oxygen system (Sr-Cr-O). The ternary oxide SrCrO4 has been prepared as a QDs decorated superlattice. Course of formation as well as the obtained composition was analyzed by a combination of Thermogravimetry (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS), scanning electron microscopy in association with EDX and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The obtained nanostructure was determined to be composed of SrCrO4 as the major phase and SrCrO3/ SrO1.95 as the minor phases. Excitonic absorption signatures in optical spectroscopy confirmed that quantum confinement is preserved. The methodology involves a modified co-precipitation method. Moreover, excellent UV-visible-light photocatalytic performance was improved toward Methylene blue dye.
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_159606_e845dc4bbc7d1777ea6eab30b330ed78.pdf
2021-06-01
2757
2764
10.21608/ejchem.2021.65404.3424
SrCrO4
QDs
Self-assembly
Nanoparticles
Thermal analysis
Basma A. A.
Balboul
basmabalboul98@gmail.com
1
Department of Chemistry, college of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box 2014, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
LEAD_AUTHOR
Moustafa Shaban A.
Selim
moustafa_selim@outlook.com
2
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Minia University 61519, El-Minia, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Classification of the geographical origin of argan kernels by infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics
The main objective of this study is the use of Fourier transform mid-infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for discrimination of samples of Argan kernels from three Moroccan regions. The content of Argan oil extracted from the kernel depends on the plant genotype and on the environmental conditions. The origin of argan kernel samples could be distinguished combining the IR spectra measurement and chemometric tools for discriminant analysis. A multivariate analysis procedure based on the combined use of Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) and Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) was tested for this purpose. HCA showed three distinct clusters related to the Moroccan regions and suggested the usefulness of IR spectroscopy to distinguish among kernel origins. Afterwards, PLS-DA was used for the discrimination and classification of the origin of the various argan kernels and good classification models and validation results were obtained. For 9 new unknown samples we attribuate 100% these samples by external validation. The results demonstrated that the combined use of FTIR and chemometric analysis (cluster analysis and discrimination by PLS- DA) can be used to rapidly and simply determine the origine of argan kernels, a relevant task for the agroalimentary Moroccan industry.
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_158332_6033c1b1435aa923049afbde954bf4ad.pdf
2021-06-01
2765
2774
10.21608/ejchem.2021.54218.3125
FTIR
Discriminant Analysis
Argan kernel
Food authetification
cluster analysis
PLS-DA
Abdelkhalek
Oussama
oussamaabdelkhalek@yahoo.fr
1
Université sultan Moulay Slimane, Laboratoire de Spectro-chimiometrie appliquée et Environnement, Faculté des Sciences et techniques de Beni Mellal, Maroccoo
AUTHOR
Fatiha
Elabadi
fatihateto@yahoo.fr
2
Université sultan Moulay Slimane, Laboratoire de Spectro-chimiometrie appliquée et Environnement, Faculté des Sciences et techniques de Beni Mellal, Morocco
AUTHOR
Noureddine
Barka
barkanoureddine@yahoo.fr
3
Sultan Moulay Slimane University of Beni Mellal, Research Group in Environmental Sciences and Applied Materials (SEMA), FP Khouribga, B.P.145, 25000 Khouribga, Morocco.
AUTHOR
Fatima
Mahjoubi
mahjoubi.fatimazahra@gmail.com
4
Sultan Moulay Slimane University of Beni Mellal, Equipe de Spectro–Chimiométrie
Appliquée et Environnement, FST Beni Mellal, B.P. 523, Beni Mellal, Morocco
LEAD_AUTHOR
Fouzia
Kzaiber
fouziakzaiber@yahoo.fr
5
Université sultan Moulay Slimane, Ecole Supérieure de Technologie de Beni Mellal, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie et Technologies Appliquées (LITA), Maroccoo
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Characterization Study of Petroleum Oily Sludge Produced from North Refineries Company Baiji to Determine the Suitability for Conversion into Solid Fuel
Oily sludge (OS) contains toxic compounds such as aromatic hydrocarbons and polyaromatic hydrocarbons; oily sludge is hard to dehydrate due to its high viscosity. Generally, it contains about (40 to 50 wt.%) of water. However, this research's oily sludge sample contains about (50 wt.%) of water collected from North Refineries Company Baiji (NRC). NRC Baiji yields around 3000-3500 m3 annually of oily sludge. This research aims to study oily sludge specifications, thereby prove suitability to undergo the thermochemical process. The physical properties of oily sludge samples have been conducted, it indicated the complex formula of oily sludge, and it has a serious effect on human health and environmental issues. In this study, the oily sludge has a low heating value (LHV) of 6.705 MJ.kg-1 (as received) and a high heating value (HHV) of 9.465 MJ.kg-1 for a dried sample at 105 °C for 24 h, which indicate that it is a rich in carbon content. FTIR has been carried out to obtain the function group characterizations. The TGA of the oily sludge sample as received showed the greatest loss in volume (39%), while the loss in volume for the dried sample was (15%). The thermochemical conversion process eco-friendly, rapid, short time, moderate temperature, and low-cost. It is used for the total reclamation of waste. It is a novel way of totally converting oily sludge for solid carbon fuel production.
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_158333_d2d48be566f14edee97133c724a7e445.pdf
2021-06-01
2775
2781
10.21608/ejchem.2021.54222.3126
Oily sludge
LHV
HHV
North Refineries Company Baiji NRC
mahmod
abdulqader
mahmodabdulkarem1978@gmail.com
1
FKK, UiTM, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
LEAD_AUTHOR
Syed
Syed Hassan
shatir@salam.uitm.edu.my
2
Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
AUTHOR
Ali
Jawad
ahjm72@gmail.com
3
Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
AUTHOR
OMAR
HABEEB
omer_habeeb2003@yahoo.com
4
North Refineries Company (NRC), Salahuldeen, Baiji, Ministry of Oil, Iraq
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Glutamic Acid as Additional Monomer in Biodegradable Poly(xylitol Sebacate Glutamate) Polymer
Xylitol-based polyesters such as poly(xylitol sebacate) PXS are said to be the potential materials for tissue engineering due to their adjustable mechanical and degradation properties. However, the result indicated that the elastomers are very soft and have a low elongation at break. Therefore, to increase the mechanical strength and minimize the degradation rate, glutamic acid was added as the third monomer into the PXS. Novel Poly (xylitol Sebacate Glutamate) (PXSG) was successfully synthesized through melt polycondensation without using any harsh solvents and catalysts. The mixture was synthesized at 120°C for about 8 hours. Post polymerization process was carried out in the oven at 100 °C for three days to develop the crosslink network formation. Several testing and characterization were conducted to evaluate the effect of glutamic acid concentration in the polymer. From the result, FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the ester bond formation, tensile strength, and Young's modulus increased significantly while the percent of elongation at break and degradation rate decreased as the glutamic acid ratio increased.
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_158334_7cb0be54dcb1e40db68cd477d6158d03.pdf
2021-06-01
2783
2787
10.21608/ejchem.2021.54273.3128
Biodegradable polymer
tissue engineering
Polyxylitol
glutamic acid
Polymer Scaffolding
Noor Faezah
Mohd Sani
faezah125@uitm.edu.my
1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perak Branch, Tapah Campus, Tapah Road, 35400 Perak, Malaysia
LEAD_AUTHOR
Nur Afiqah
Jafri
afiqahjafri@gmail.com
2
University Teknologi Mara Perlis Branch, Arau Campus, 02600 Perlis Malaysia
AUTHOR
Noor Aishatun
Majid
aishatun@uitm.edu.my
3
University Teknologi Mara Perlis Branch, Arau Campus, 02600 Perlis Malaysia
AUTHOR
Nor Alifah
Rosaidi
alifah.rosaidi@uitm.edu.my
4
University Teknologi Mara Perlis Branch, Arau Campus, 02600 Perlis Malaysia
AUTHOR
Munirah
Onn
munirah591@uitm.edu.my
5
University Teknologi Mara Johor Branch, Pasir Gudang Campus, 81750 Masai, Johor Malaysia
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Monte Carlo Simulation Hydrogen Sulphide Gas Adsorption By Using Hydrogel Biochar
The Monte Carlo simulation is popular in engineering because it is a flexible simulation. It can reduce the uncertainty of the possibilities, and it can run a large number of cycles that are suitable for studying the kinetics and mechanism of adsorption, leading to better data accuracy than practical results. This simulation is chosen to investigate the phenomena of H2S gas adsorption in hydrogel biochar. Hydrogel biochar adsorbent is made from highly available biomass sources by using the pyrolysis process. There are two parameters studied: the effect of the flow rate of H2S gas and adsorbent bed height. This parameter can show the efficiency of the adsorption process. From this research, the kinetic model that suitable for this H2S gas adsorption is by First- Pseudo Kinetic model based on the correlation coefficient R2 values generated from the MATLAB program is between 0.7 to 0.9. Thus, physical adsorption is the best way to describe the adsorption in hydrogel biochar in which the uniform energies of adsorption on the surface of biochar and no shifting of adsorbate in the plane of surfaces. It can be concluded that at the optimize condition Langmuir’s isotherm is the most suitable isotherm where the maximum amount of adsorption capacity is obtained, and the adsorption process occurs at monolayer of adsorbent with an equivalent adsorption site
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_158335_efa5ac1e3f58bebc9b69fc05510eea48.pdf
2021-06-01
2789
2796
10.21608/ejchem.2021.54278.3129
Hydrogel
Biochar
Adsorption
Monte Carlo simulation
Hydrogen sulfide
Nursafika Bahira
Juli
firabahira@gmail.com
1
Faculty Of Chemical Engineering Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM) Shah Alam
AUTHOR
Norhayati
Talib
norhayati0653@uitm.edu.my
2
Faculty Of Chemical Engineering,Universiti Teknologi Mara,UiTM Shah Alam,Malaysia
LEAD_AUTHOR
Normadyzah
Ahmad
normadyzah@uitm.edu.my
3
Faculty Of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Mara(UiTM) Shah Alam,Malaysia
AUTHOR
Azil Bahari
Alias
azilbahari@uitm.edu.my
4
Faculty Of Chemical Engineering,Universiti Teknologi Mara(UiTM) shah Alam,Malaysia
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of using Compound Techniques (Passive and Active) on the Double Pipe Heat Exchanger Performance
This experimental study explores the effect of using compound technique (passive techniques (packing the shell side with small cylindrical aluminium pieces) and active techniques (air injection or bubble generation) were securitized. It is conducted for both configurations (parallel and counter) flow with applying both techniques (compound) at the same conditions in a double pipe heat exchanger. The main objective of this study is to indicate the effect of employing the two techniques simultaneously and compare the outcomes without and with the passive (packing) method under the same conditions. The heat transfer of heat exchanger in terms of cost and size has been For this purpose the test rig is prepared by designing and making a suitable heat exchanger equipped with flow meters and thermocouples for measuring flow rates and temperatures (Tin and Tout) of both fluids (hot and cold) . The hot fluid is heated in a small tank by electrical heater with temperature controller from (TEquipment). The results show that the performance parameters of the heat exchanger enhanced about (15%) for case of applying the both techniques together and (25)% for case of using active method only.
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_158336_b16e01ab09c0c02d3366a2bded91ce3b.pdf
2021-06-01
2797
2802
10.21608/ejchem.2021.54450.3134
Active techniques
Passive techniques, Heat Transfer Enhancement
heat exchangers
Hussein
Hamed
hussein@ntu.edu.iq
1
Technical college Kirkuk - Iraq
AUTHOR
Awad
Mohammed
awadesa76@gmail.com
2
Technical Institute Hawija, Northern Technical Universit, Iraq.
AUTHOR
Rafeq
Khalefa
rafeqahmed42@ntu.edu.iq
3
Technical College – Kirkuk/ Northern Technical Universit, Iraq.
AUTHOR
OMAR
HABEEB
omer_habeeb2003@yahoo.com
4
North Refineries Company (NRC), Salahuldeen, Baiji, Ministry of Oil, Iraq
AUTHOR
mahmod
abdulqader
mahmodabdulkarem1978@gmail.com
5
FKK, UiTM, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Kinetic Study of Removing Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solutions by Modified Electrospun Polyethelene Terephthalate Nanofibres
The present research study investigates the potential use of the novel polyethylene terephthalate (PET) nanofibers extracted from waste bottles. The electrospinning process creates nanofibers, which are then impregnated with dibenzo-18-crown-6 (DB18C6) (crown ether) to obtain a modified PET nanofiber. The use of modified PET nanofibers to remove methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions at different contact times, temperatures and initial dye concentrations is the prime concern of the present study. The amount of MB adsorbed at equilibrium (qe) is calculated at different temperatures (303, 313, and 323 K) and different concentrations (5, 10, 15 mg/g). The Kinetic and equilibrium studies of MB removal are carried out. The results indicate that the adsorption kinetics of MB can be described by the pseudo-second-order model. The activation energy value is below 40 kJ/mol and this gives an idea about the physisorption process.
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_158337_60760a6b59d9786e15b61967a7c1c3f6.pdf
2021-06-01
2803
2813
10.21608/ejchem.2021.54843.3146
Electrospinning
Nanofibers
polyethylene terephthalate (PET)
Adsorption
Dibenzo-18-Crown-6 (DB18C6)
Hozan
Ahmed
hozan_a_a@yahoo.com
1
Pharmacy Department, Technical Institute Duhok, Duhok Polytechnic University, Iraq
AUTHOR
Parween
Saleem
parween.saleem@uod.ac
2
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Duhok, Iraq
AUTHOR
SUHAD
YASIN
suhad.yasin@uod.ac
3
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Duhok, Iraq
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ibtisam
Saeed
ibtisamsaid@uod.ac
4
Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Duhok, Iraq
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Characteristic and Heavy Metal Study on Herbs Shampoo Containing Momordica Charantia and Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis Extraction Formulation
The entire world is currently endeavouring to return towards the natural organic materials through its side effects towards ailments. The most popular form of remedy to resolve the scalp issue, boost hair growth, and clean the hair would be through shampoo usage. However, many selected ingredients used in the shampoos sold in the market, such as formaldehyde, halogenated organic compounds, heavy metal, musk fragrances, and coarse coal tar, put many consumers at risk. This paper aims to analyze the heavy metal and characterizations of herbs shampoo containing main organic ingredients are known as Momordica charantia extract, which is rich in vitamin C and amino acids. Besides that, incorporating Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis as one of the organic ingredients displays amazing results as a booster for hair growth. It can be observed that it helps nourish the development of collagen as it is rich in vitamin C. Meanwhile, the amino acid found could play a vital role in growing healthy locks of hair, nourishment, and as a medium to strengthen the roots. This shampoo has been formalized based on literature findings on its bioactivities and tailored to all the possible variations associated with hair quality, age, frequency of shampooing, and specific problems relating to the scalp's superficial condition. The pH is currently natural with 7.0 with viscosity 1190 cP and density 1.49 g/cm3. The heavy metal study was conducted using inductively coupled plasma (ICP-OES), and it depicts arsenic, cadmium, plumbum, nickel, chromium is not detected (
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_158342_7c7f061727aceeb29552bdd602069849.pdf
2021-06-01
2815
2818
10.21608/ejchem.2021.55086.3151
Momordica charantia
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
viscosity
Patch test
heavy metal
Herbs shampoo
Munirah
Onn
munirahonn@gmail.com
1
Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM) Pasir Gudang, Jalan Purnama, Bandar Seri Alam, 81750 Masai, Johor Darul Takzim
LEAD_AUTHOR
Siti
Nurul ‘Ain Zaiton
2
Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM) Pasir Gudang, Jalan Purnama, Bandar Seri Alam, 81750 Masai, Johor Darul Takzim
AUTHOR
Hairul Amiza
Azman
3
Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM) Pasir Gudang, Jalan Purnama, Bandar Seri Alam, 81750 Masai, Johor Darul Takzim
AUTHOR
Mohd
Haikal Bin Mustafa
4
Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM) Pasir Gudang, Jalan Purnama, Bandar Seri Alam, 81750 Masai, Johor Darul Takzim
AUTHOR
Noor
Faezah Binti Mohd Sani
5
Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM) Tapah, 35400, Perak
AUTHOR
Nik Noor Idayu Nik
Ibrahim
6
Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM) 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Characterization of Hydrogel and Fly Ash from Biomass
This study aims to produce an efficient adsorbent derived from 4 different biomass and to study the characterization of blending hydrogel from 4 different biomass. Type of material used to produce biochar is corn husk(CH), rice husk(RH), sugarcane bagasse(SB), and sawdust(SW). These four materials are blending with fly ash with different ratios. For hydrogel preparation, Acrylamide (AAm) is used as the monomer, N, N’ – methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as a crosslinker, and ammonium persulfate (APS) as an initiator. This hydrogel – biochar is then characterized by Brunauer – Emmet – Teller (BET) surface area analysis, Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), and swelling test analysis. Seven samples are analyzed for each raw material: fly ash hydrogel(FA) and corn husk hydrogel. For example like SW: FA (1.0:0), SW: FA (0.8:0.2), SW: FA (0.6:0.4), SW: FA (0.5:0.5), SW: FA (0.4:0.6), SW:FA (02:08) and lastly SW:FA (0:1.0). Repeated with the same ratio for the other biomasses. For BET surface area analysis, samples with large surface areas and high pore volumes are suitable for the adsorbent. SW: FA (0.8:0.2) has the largest surface area, which is 6.9966 m2/g, while the total pore volume is the highest compared to the other samples. In a proximate analysis, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) determined the moisture content, ash content, fixed carbon content, and volatile matter content. A sample with the high volatile matter, high carbon content, and low ash content is more economically attractive. Sample of SW :FA (0.8:0.2) has high moisture content, fixed carbon, volatile matter, and has the lowest ash content among all. All the samples showed a positive impact on the swelling test. Therefore, a sample of SW: FA (0.8:0.2) is the best and suitable to use as an adsorbent.
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_158340_ba1bef8feff7b6593738cfb498c3ce27.pdf
2021-06-01
2819
2825
10.21608/ejchem.2021.55464.3171
Biochar
Fly Ash
Hydrogel
Activated carbon
Nursafika Bahira
Juli
firabahira@gmail.com
1
Faculty Of Chemical Engineering Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM) Shah Alam
AUTHOR
Norhayati
Talib
norhayati0653@uitm.edu.my
2
Faculty Of Chemical Engineering,Universiti Teknologi Mara,UiTM Shah Alam
LEAD_AUTHOR
Sharifah Rysmalia
Yusoff Abas
rysmaliamaya@gmail.com
3
Faculty Of Chemical Engineering,Universiti Teknologi Mara(UiTM) Shah Alam,Malaysia
AUTHOR
Normadyzah
Ahmad
normadyzah@uitm.edu.my
4
Faculty Of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Mara(UiTM) Shah Alam,Malaysia
AUTHOR
Azil Bahari
Alias
azilbahari@uitm.edu.my
5
Faculty Of Chemical Engineering,Universiti Teknologi Mara(UiTM) shah Alam,Malaysia
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Biodiesel Production From Waste Cooking Oil using Homogeneous Catalyst
Due to the upsurge of awareness of the depletion of fossil fuel feedstock and environmental issues, biodiesel has become a more attractive choice. Biodiesel's productivity is deemed a fruitful and significant research field since its relevance obtains from the increased oil prices and environmental benefits. This paper presents a study of Alfa waste cooking oil used to produce biodiesel oil via the transesterification process. The investigation includes various variables such as transesterification time, catalyst ratio, temperature, and biodiesel yield. Two catalysts (NaOH and KOH) have been utilized in this study. The engine test was carried out at constant load with increasing speed to compare different fuels' performance relative to mineral diesel. The produced biodiesel was categorized according to ASTM D6751. The highest conversion and yield of biodiesel in the transesterification method were scrutinized using the KOH catalyst compared to the NaOH catalyst. The maximum conversion and yield of biodiesel are 97.76 and 94.4%, respectively, with optimum operating conditions of 60 oC reaction temperature, 3 hours reaction time, and KOH catalyst at 4% weight. Consequently, the engine test outcomes revealed similar biodiesels trends compared to diesel in terms of engine brake power and brake specific fuel consumption with increasing engine speed.
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_158338_aa1e4c9071a840c5e3b592bc3eedf0fc.pdf
2021-06-01
2827
2832
10.21608/ejchem.2021.62395.3339
Afia waste cooking oil
Biodiesel fuel
homogeneous catalyst
sodium hydroxide
Potassium hydroxide
Hussein
Hamed
husseinmsn@yahoo.com
1
AL-Hawija Technical Institute Northern Technical University, 36001 Kirkuk, Iraq.
AUTHOR
Awad
Mohammed
awadesa76@gmail.com
2
Technical Institute Hawija, Northern Technical Universit, Iraq.
AUTHOR
OMAR
HABEEB
omer_habeeb2003@yahoo.com
3
North Refineries Company (NRC), Salahuldeen, Baiji, Ministry of Oil, Iraq
AUTHOR
Obed
Ali
obedmajeed@gmail.com
4
Renewable Energy Research Unit, Northern Technical University, 36001 Kirkuk, Iraq
AUTHOR
Omar
Aljaf
omar.6464@yahoo.com
5
Nort Refineries Company baiji Iraq
AUTHOR
Mahmod
Abdulqader
mahmodabdulkarem1978@gmail.com
6
FKK, UiTM, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Antimicrobial activity of bioactive compounds extract from Saussurea costus against food spoilage microorganisms
Saussurea costus had a wide range of antimicrobial activities which used as alternative for synthetic preservatives that threaten human health. This study aimed to identify the bioactive compounds in S. costus extract (SCE) and to evaluate its antimicrobial activity against some pathogenic microorganisms. HPLC and GC-MS were used to quantify the bioactive compounds in SCE. The results indicated that ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts had the highest levels of polyphenols followed by n-butanol, and then n-hexane extracts. The main phenolic compounds are Naringenin, Chlorogenic acid, Ferulic acid, Ellagic acid, Gallic acid and coffeic acid followed by taxifolin, catechin, syringic acid, methyl gallate, vanillin, kaempferol, cinnamic acid and rutin. GC-MS results showed 14 compounds in S. costus extract. The antibacterial activity of S. costus ethanol extract increased by increasing the concentration of extract from 10 µl to 50 µl for each wells .The inhibition zones were 13 mm and 23mm for S. typhi and Staphylococccus aureus, respectively. Gram (+ve) bacteria found to be more sensitive to SCE than Gram (-ve) bacteria. Similarly; the antifungal activity was increased by increasing the concentration of SCE the inhibition zones were 15.5 mm and 22.5 mm for P. verecossum and A. ochraceous, respectively. A. ochraceous appeared to be more sensitive towards all concentration of the extract. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of SCE for both bacteria and fungi strains ranged from 0.08 - 0.3 mg/ml and 0.25 -1.17 mg/ml, respectively. The results revealed that the SCE can play an important role against the human multi-drug resistant pathogens and can alternate the antibiotics as well as chemical preservatives to control infection and food spoilage contaminants.
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_163237_e8644e4d2bd138f15c51e05bacd64283.pdf
2021-06-01
2833
2843
10.21608/ejchem.2021.69572.3528
Saussurea costus
Phenolic compounds
Antibacterial
Antifungal
food spoilage contaminants
HPLC
GC-MS
Mohamed
Deabes
mydeabes@yahoo.com
1
National Research Center, Food Toxicology and Contaminants Dept
LEAD_AUTHOR
Sally
Abd-El Fatah
simaged@yahoo.com
2
Food Toxicology and Contaminants Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Salah
Salem
salah_n82@yahoo.com
3
Department of Food Toxicology and Contaminants, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt. P.O. Box: 12622, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Khayria
Naguib
naguib_kh@hotmail.com
4
National Research Centre Food Toxicology and Contaminants Dept., Dokki, Cairo, EGYPT .
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Preparation and Characterization of some new Benzothiazole-Heterocyclic Derivatives
In this work new different hetero cyclic derivatives were synthesized that which including β-Lactam, teterazole and also thiazole rings.The starting material is 2-amino-6-methoxy-Benzothiazole. All these reactions follow by (TLC) and Measurement melting points for some of these derivatives. The compounds identified by FT-IR and some of them by 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectra., The prepared benzothiazole derivatives in this study gave good results through appearance of new bands and disapearance of other bands in formatted compounds that gave first data to formation benzothiazole derivative , while second technique represented by resonance spectra that gave also good results for formatted benzothiazole derivative.m in addition to flowing of all reactions by paper chromatography.
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_168233_2d5441620a75fbdda11a5f98f6850c33.pdf
2021-06-01
2845
2855
10.21608/ejchem.2021.73818.3650
thiazole
microwave
β-Lactam
Tetrazole
Azetidinone
Radhiya
Aldujaili
rababmahdi49@gmail.com
1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education for girls, University of Kufa, Iraq
LEAD_AUTHOR
Alhasan
Radhiyah
alihasan198054@yahoo.com
2
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education for girls, University of Kufa, Iraq
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of the newly synthesized Pyrazole, And Pyrazolo Pyrimidine derivatives on Pythium Aphanidermatum (Edson) Fitzp
Root rot caused by Pythium aphanidermatum is one of diseases of olive trees. Three synthetic chemical compounds were tested to assess their inhibitory effect on Pythium aphanidermatum Ethyl 5-amino-7-((3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)diazenyl)-3,4,8,8a-tetrahydro-2H-pyrano[2,3-b]pyridine-6-carboxylate (7), Ethyl 5-amino-7-((3-hydroxy-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)diazenyl)-3,4,8,8a-tetrahydro-2H-pyrano[2,3-b]pyridine-6-carboxylate(8) and Ethyl 5-amino-7-((5-amino-2,7-dihydroxypyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl)diazenyl)-3,4,8,8a-tetrahydro-2H-pyrano[2,3-b]pyridine-6-carboxylate(9) were synthesis to study their effect on mycelium growth, zoospore and oospore production of P. aphanidermatum isolated from young olive trees cultivated in Ain Seleen, Fayoum governorate, Egypt. Ethyl 5-amino-7-((3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)diazenyl)-3,4,8,8a-tetrahydro-2H-pyrano[2,3-b]pyridine-6-carboxylate (7), showed high efficiency as growth inhibition of fungal mycelia, followed by (pyrazolopyrimidine 9, and then pyrazolopyridine 8 at 10 mg/ L. Ethyl 5-amino-7-((3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)diazenyl)-3,4,8,8a-tetrahydro-2H-pyrano[2,3-b]pyridine-6-carboxylate (7), showed its ability to decline the production of zoo-spores and oospores of the fungus at concentration 300 mg/L, compared to other chemicals of Ethyl 5-amino-7-((5-amino-2,7-dihydroxypyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl)diazenyl)-3,4,8,8a-tetrahydro-2H-pyrano[2,3-b]pyridine-6-carboxylate(9), Ethyl 5-amino-7-((3-hydroxy-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)diazenyl)-3,4,8,8a-tetrahydro-2H-pyrano[2,3-b]pyridine-6-carboxylate(8). Rate of inhibition in all treatments reached more than 85% in case of the use of Ethyl 5-amino-7-((3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)diazenyl)-3,4,8,8a-tetrahydro-2H-pyrano[2,3-b]pyridine-6-carboxylate (7). This study offers data for the use of Ethyl 5-amino-7-((3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)diazenyl)-3,4,8,8a-tetrahydro-2H-pyrano[2,3-b]pyridine-6-carboxylate (7) in controlling fungal disease to olive feeder roots infected by P. aphanidermatum
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_152664_e3415109d774fd5e606e39d412459653.pdf
2021-06-01
2857
2872
10.21608/ejchem.2021.29933.2643
Mycelium growth
Oospores
pyrazole
pyrazolopyrimidine
Pythium aphanidermatum
Zoospores
Shaima Mohamed Nabil
Moustafa
halawa4_12@yahoo.com
1
Botany Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, 2014, Saudi Arabia
LEAD_AUTHOR
Nadia Ali Ahmed
Elkanzi
nahasan@ju.edu.sa
2
Chemistry Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, 2014, Saudi Arabia.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigation Study of Removing Methyl Violet Dye From Aqueous Solutions Using Corn-Cob as A Source of Activated Carbon
One of the most pollutants of water is organic dyes, which is usually come from industries of textile, leather and paper. In this work, activated carbon is used as adsorbent, which is prepared from the corn-cob (CCAC) to remove the methyl violet (MV) dye from prepared aqueous solutions. The amount of adsorption dyes were investigated by including the effect of different parameters such as, the agented time, initial dye MV concentration (10-50 g.L-1), effect of pH (3,6,8,10 and 12), temperature (288,308,328) K and adsorbent dosage (0.01-0.1g). The percentage of removal of MV by the CCAC is increased significantly with increasing the amount of the adsorbent and the solution pH, and the maximum was at pH 11.5, but its decreased with increasing the temperature and initial concentration of the dye. The two adsorption isotherm models (Langmuir and Freundlich) were used to investigate the interaction between the dye and prepared activated carbon, while the adsorption equilibrium data were best represented by the Freundlich detect the type of adsorption, which implies that the adsorption of textile dye onto the (CCAC) is heterogeneous with multi – layers.
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_156885_e0edf28b6fdd5b8c8399eac3aa621e37.pdf
2021-06-01
2873
2878
10.21608/ejchem.2021.55274.3159
Activated carbon
Corn-cob
Methyl violet
Adsorption isotherm
Textile dye
Aseel M.
Aljeboree
1
Department of chemistry-College of science for women/University of Babylon/ Iraq
AUTHOR
Asmaa Y.
Al-Baitai
2
Department of Chemistry, College of science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq.
AUTHOR
Saifaldeen M.
Abdalhadi
3
Department of remote Sensing, College of remote Sensing and Geophysics, Al-Karkh University of science, Baghdad, Iraq.
AUTHOR
Ayad F.
Alkaim
4
Department of chemistry-College of science for women/University of Babylon/ Iraq
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Synthesis and study of N, N` -(ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(1-phenyl methanimine) and thier complex derivative with in-vivo and in-vitro Bacterial biological study
In this research, the synthesis and biological activity evaluation of N, N`-(ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(1-phenyl methanimine) as Schiff base with Zinc (II) dithiocarbamate complex are successfully reported. The suggested geometry around zinc ion centre was determined using selected unique physicochemical and spectroscopic techniques. These include melting point, conductance, FTIR, UV-Vis, mass spectroscopy and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The analytical as well as the spectroscopic characterization data proves the formation of zinc complex with general formula [Zn(L)]2 and the complex of this ion is adopting tetrahedral geometry about the metal centre. Furthermore, the present study was carried out to evaluate antibacterial activity of obtained Schiff base ligand and Zn complex against five strains of bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Lacto bacillus, Klebsiella Pneumonae,and Salmonella typhi). The results of antimicrobial screening suggest that Schiff bases can show a considerable activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Salmonella typhi while Zn-complex was reported to be more active against all bacterial strains which is used in this test. The antibacterial activity of each compound has been examined practically (in vivo) by treating burns rats infected with tested bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi), the results have shown signs of good recovery at short time if it compared with antibiotic Ofloxacin (OFX) used at the same time. And the number of bacteria was reduced significantly (P ≤ 0.001) during the treatment days. Furthermore, the results showed that Zn-complex is effective in treating various skin conditions; it is preferable to use it in the treatment of pathological injuries and against other skin infections.
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_156887_e79cd602c519bc1b7550ec50d59b3324.pdf
2021-06-01
2879
2888
10.21608/ejchem.2021.55277.3160
Dithiocarbamate
Schiff base ligand
Zinc complexes
Biological Activity
Rats
Aeed S.
Alfahdawi
1
Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Women, University of Anbar, Ramadi, Anbar, Iraq
AUTHOR
Sawsan M.
Al-Sorchee
2
Department of Biology, College of Education, Salahaddin University, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
AUTHOR
Suhab E.
Saleh
3
Ministry of Education, Alanbar Administration, Iraq
AUTHOR
Marwan M.
Saleh
4
College of Applied Sciences, University of Anbar, Iraq
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effectiveness of Magnesium oxide Nanoparticles in the Management of Thyroid Hormone Level
Hypothyroidism is a clinical dysfunction resulting from deficiency of thyroid hormones or, more rarely, from their impaired and it poses a threat to human health. Nanotechnology is being applied for the inorganic biomedical agents development due to the perfect biological activities of the nanoparticles.Nanoinorganic metal oxides control the biological contaminants. The most widely utilized oxide in different fields is magnesium oxide nanoparticles. This work presents an investigation of the main synthesis method, characterization by several techniques, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscope, scanning electron microscopy and X-Ray Diffraction and the effect of magnesium oxide nanoparticles on serum levels of T4 hormone was investigated. Serum levels of T4 in experimental showed a significant decrease at 100 ppm compared to control group. Other concentrations did not change significantly compared to control group. Magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgONPs) at concentration of 100 ppm reduced the serum T4 level.
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_156888_cfc50d425fa8a4a7bd04e40f763acaa8.pdf
2021-06-01
2889
2894
10.21608/ejchem.2021.55281.3161
Synthesis, Nanoparticles
magnesium oxide
Thyroide
Tahseen A.
Ibrahim
1
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
AUTHOR
Taghried A.
Salman
2
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
AUTHOR
Salma A.
Abbas
3
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Al- Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Assessment of follicular fluid paraoxonase activity with pregnancy outcomes in women undergoing IVF/ICSI
The search for a reliable marker to predict pregnancy success is not yet identified. This study aims to evaluate paraoxonase activities (PON1) in follicular fluid (FF) and their correlation with oocyte yield, fertilization, and clinical pregnancy (CP). Methods: The study included 99 women aged 22- 37 years old who were undergoing IVF/ICSI, were divided into fertile, which represents the control group consisting of 25 participants, and the infertile group, which was subdivided into 21 patients with PCOS, 26 patients with a low level of AMH, as well as 27 patients with unknown cause of infertility. The FF Basal PON1, salt stimulated PON1, and arylesterase activities were measured using the spectrophotometry method. Results: The PON1 basal activity of the PCOS group was higher (P<0.05) when compared with the control and UI groups. The PON1 arylesterase activity of the PCOS group was higher (P<0.05) when compared with control, UI, and low AMH groups. Each group showed a difference (P<0.05)in the pregnancy success in PCOS, low AMH, and UI groups but not in the control group. Conclusion: An increase in FF antioxidants seems to be a negative fertilization indicator, which may represent an adverse ovarian condition that triggered anti-oxidant behavior.
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_156889_4fe82d5d819a273ee40df47dfa15b7f5.pdf
2021-06-01
2895
2902
10.21608/ejchem.2021.55291.3162
Paraoxonase1 activity (PON1), clinical pregnancy (CP), follicular fluid (FF)
infertility, in vitro fertilization (IVF)
M. A.
Ahmed
1
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
AUTHOR
Sh. A.
Wadood
2
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
AUTHOR
Q. A.
Mahdi
3
Kamal Al-Samarai IVF Hospital, Ministry of Health, Baghdad, Iraq
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Synthesis and Characterization of New Azo Dyes Based on Thiazole and Assess the Biological and Laser Efficacy for Them and Study their Dyeing Application
The aim of this work describes the synthesis of disperse dyes in the derivative of 2-amino -4-hydroxy thiazole, which can be used as dyes for polyester fabrics with orange and red color They were obtained by preparing, (2-amino-4-hydroxy- thiazole), then the latter compound was diazotization and couplings to produced (compound III and IV), Which were introduced by another coupling with diazonium salt of compound I diazotization to synthesize disperse (VII,VIII). The synthesized heterocyclic and synthesized dyes were studied by UV Spectroscopy, FT-IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. The substituted dyes Penetrate with good depth on polyester fabrics with a shade of orange and red colors, respectively. That increase heteroatoms and the conjugation in the dyes structure lead to high redshifts and the brightness of shades, color stability is high and fastness properties. The antibacterial activities were studied against different kinds of bacteria, namely Eschershia coli and Klebsiella Pneumonia Gram (-) ve, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis Gram (+) ve. In addition, evaluation of laser efficacy was showed for the compounds (I,III,IV,VII,VIII) were radiated by laser for (10, 20, 30) seconds, It was observed that the prepared compounds were not affected and did not polymerize or degradation when measuring melting point and color.
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_156890_d1ba9b585077755ab05f58c7c88360ba.pdf
2021-06-01
2903
2911
10.21608/ejchem.2021.55296.3163
thiazole
Azo dyes
Disperse dyes
Heterocyclic compounds
Mohammed M.
Aftan
1
Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq
AUTHOR
Manal A.
Toma
2
Chemical Engineering, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
AUTHOR
Adil H.
Dalaf
3
Chemistry Department, Science College, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq
AUTHOR
Ebtihal Q.
Abdullah
4
Chemistry Department, Science College, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq
AUTHOR
Hanaa K.
Salih
5
Chemistry Department, Science College, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Spectrophotometric Determination of Sulfadoxine Drug use Cloud point and Flow injection Methods in Pharmaceutical Formulations
New simple sensitive spectrophotometric methods are developed for the estimation of Sulfadoxine (SFD) in pure and pharmaceutical formulations. The first method includes a conversion primary amine to azo-dye by reacting sulfadoxine with sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid followed by coupling with4-methoxyphenol in alkaline medium to obtain a stable reddish-orange colored dye at λmax495nm. Concentration ranges 0.25-60 μg / mL, obeyed Beer's law, correlation coefficient was 0.9996, molar absorptivity was 0.589×104L.mol-1.cm-1 and the detection limit was 0.157μg/mL. The second method was cloud point extraction (CPE) for estimating trace amount in an aqueous solution that produced from diazotization and measuring with a UV-visible spectrophotometer as are reddish-purple colored product at λmax500 nm. The concentration range obeyed the Beer's law was 0.25-6μg / mL, correlation coefficient was 0.9998, molar absorptivity was 0.877×105L.mol-1.cm-1, detection limit was 0.023μg/mL, pre-concentration factor was 25 and Distribution coefficient(D) was 320.88. The last method was flow injection analysis it’s simple for estimation the sulfadoxine. The concentration range was1-150μg / mL, obeyed Beer's law,the correlation coefficient was 0.9997, molar absorptivity was 0.273×104L.mol-1.cm-1 and the detection limit was 0.375μg/mL. The offered methods were successful, useful for estimating sulfadoxine in traditional medications
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_156891_d19a318ad670133cb04cc84bcb73f3dd.pdf
2021-06-01
2913
2924
10.21608/ejchem.2021.55297.3164
Sulfadoxine
Diazotization
Cloud point extraction
4-methoxyphenol
Flow Injection Analysis
Nisreen Kais
Abood
1
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad
AUTHOR
Mohammed Jasim M
Hassana
2
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Synthesis and Characterization of some Tetrazole Derivatives and Evaluation of their Biological Activity
This research included synthesizing a series of heterocyclic compounds where the compound 2-chloroacetohydrazide was synthesized from ethyl chloroethanoate with Hydrazine hydrate 95%. The reaction was carried out in the cold condition. 2-(pyrimidin-2-ylamino)acetohydrazide was prepared by reaction A1 with 2-amino pyrimidine in absolute ethanol using Potassium hydroxide (KOH); then reaction 2-(pyrimidin-2-ylamino) acetohydrazide with different aldehydes to produce Schiff bases derivatives A3 –A14 which was introduced in two different synthetic methods the first was synthesized. Then tetrazole derivatives [A15-A19] were synthesized from the hydrozone reactor (Schiff bases) [A3-A14] prepared by reaction Schiff base with sodium azide. In a second way, derivatives 2, 3-dihydroquinozoline-4-one [A20-A24] were synthesized from the interaction of some of Schiff's bases in the third step with anthralenic acid (2-amino benzoic acid) using 1,4-dioxane as a solvent; the synthetic compounds were diagnosed with some spectral methods, such as UV, FTIR, 1H-NMR and quantitative analysis of the elements (C.H.N.S.). Some synthetic compounds on the growth of four types of bacterial isolates known to be resistant to antibiotics were studied. Amoxicillin and Ampicillin were used as control samples, and some of the prepared compounds showed good inhibiting efficacy against the used bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis)
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_156884_0e82777105d2fb28f08e5d84c5116c16.pdf
2021-06-01
2925
2936
10.21608/ejchem.2021.54356.3165
Heterocyclic compounds
ring-closing reaction
Tetrazole
2-amino pyrimidine
Sanaa A.
Alsahib
1
Department of Chemistry, College of Science for Women University of Baghdad
AUTHOR
Ruaa M.
Dhedan
2
Department of Chemistry, College of Science for Women University of Baghdad
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Synthesis, Spectral and Biological Studies of New 2-amino-3-cyanopyridine Derivatives and Their Transition Metals Complexes
In this work new substituted of 2-amino-3-cyanopyridine derivatives were synthesized by reaction between chalcone derivatives and malanonitrile in the presence of ammonium acetate to give excellent yields and new complexes with these ligands were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, UV, IR, Mass and NMR (1H, 13C) spectroscopy and had general formula: [ML2(H2O)2]Cl2 where M= Co(ІІ), Ni(ІІ) and Cu(ІІ), [ML2(H2O)Cl]Cl2 where M= Cr (ІІІ). All of these studies indicate that ligand coordinated with ions metals as a bi-dentate ligand and also suggested that prepared complexes had an octahedral geometry coordinated via the carbon (cyano group) and nitrogen (amino group).The antimicrobial assessment of the ligand and its complexes was performed against gram negative such as (Pseudonomous aerugionosa) and gram positive such as (Bacillus subtitis) grams. All these complexes are indicated to show antibacterial effective better than their respective ligands
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_156892_8ed226a4dd0aeedcccfd18e8979d1b3f.pdf
2021-06-01
2937
2944
10.21608/ejchem.2021.55730.3173
Chalcone
Cyanopyridine
malanonitrile
Transition metals complexes
Biological activity. Electron withdrawing
Antibactrial effectrive
S. M.
Alazawi
1
Chemistry Department, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
AUTHOR
A. M.
Rasheed
2
Chemistry Department, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
AUTHOR
S. M.
Al-Bay
3
Chemistry Department, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
AUTHOR
A. H.
Abed
4
Chemistry Department, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Synthesis of New Bioactive Compounds of Pyrazino [2,3-e][1,3] Oxazepines and Pyrazino [2,3-e] [1,3] Diazepines Bearing 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Moieties
A series of novel derivatives of 7,7'-(1,4-phenylene) bis [(5-substitutedphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-amino (7,8-dihydropyrazino[2,3-e][1,3]oxazepine-5,9-dione)], 3a-d and 7,7'-(1,4-phenylene)bis[(5-substitutedphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-amino (7,8 dihydro-5H-pyrazino[2,3-e][1,3]diazepine-5,9(6H)-dione)], 4a-d have been prepared by the cycloaddition reaction of 2,3-pyrazinedicarboxylic anhydride (and/or 2,3-pyrazinedicarboximide) with new derivatives of 1,3,4 oxadiazole bearing azomethine group which were prepared via cyclization reaction of some carbohydrazides with various benzoic acids in POCl3. The structures of the desired compounds were in a coincidence as deduced from their FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectra. Antimicrobial activities of titled compounds have been recorded with good to excellent results.
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_156893_6e87f150c7f3ca26afd431a1aa397282.pdf
2021-06-01
2945
2952
10.21608/ejchem.2021.55735.3174
Diazpines
Oxazepines
1,3,4-oxadiazole
Carbohydrazide
Pyrazinedicarboxylic
A. N.
Ayyash
1
University of Fallujah, College of Applied Science, Department of Applied Chemistry, Anbar, Iraq
AUTHOR
K. A.
Juwair
2
University of Fallujah, Biotechnology and Environmental Center, Anbar, Iraq
AUTHOR
O. G.
Najeeb
3
University of Fallujah, College of Applied Science, Department of Applied Chemistry, Anbar, Iraq
AUTHOR
N. M.
Jasim
4
University of Fallujah, College of Applied Science, Department of Applied Chemistry, Anbar, Iraq
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Antimicrobial Activity of New Synthesized Aza -Beta Lactam and Tetrazole Derivatives Bearing Imidazo[2,1-B]Benzothiazole Moiety
This research, included prepare of some new aza-beta lactam and 1,2,3, 4-tetrazole derivatives from 2-aminobenzothiazole. The first step includes formation of imidazo[2,1-b]benzothiazoles (1) by the condensation of 2-aminobenzathiazole and ethyl-2- chloro acetoacetate in acetone, then compound (1) reaction with hydrazine hydrate 80% to form hydrazone derivative (2). Schiff bases (3-6) were prepared from condensation of hydrazone(2) with various aromatic aldehyde with little drops of glacial acetic acid. Phenyl isocyanate and sodium azide were used for the cyclocyclization of new Schiff bases to form diazetidine (7-10) and tetrazole (11-14) derivatives. Moreover, Newly prepared derivatives were measured by Fourier-transform infrared and some of them by 1H & 13C-NMR. Furthermore, some new derivatives were evaluated as antibacterial.
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_156894_8dd82ea941c678bef8c1bc3b075b8e5f.pdf
2021-06-01
2953
2961
10.21608/ejchem.2021.55736.3175
imidazo[2
1-b] Benzthiazole
Schiff base
Diazetidine
Kh. T. A.
Al-Sultani
1
Department of Chemistry, College of sciences, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq
AUTHOR
N.
Al-Lami
2
Department of Chemistry, College of sciences, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Solvent-free synthesis of new chalcone derivatives from 3-nitro phthalic acid and evaluation of their biological activities
Synthesis of 2-(4-Acetyl-phenyl)-4-nitro-isoindole-1, 3-dione chalcones were performed by fusion of 3-nitro phthalic anhydride with p-aminoacetophenone. Then the later was grinded with different aromatic aldehydes in the presence of sodium hydroxide to produce new chalcones derivatives A3-10 without using any solvent formation of new N-arylphthailimide chalcones were confirmed by FTIR,1HNMR, 13CNMR spectroscopy and all final compounds were tested for their antifungal and antibacterial activity some of them showed more biological activity than the standard drugs..
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_156895_85e11af9bee399e851c288acfdcb06ff.pdf
2021-06-01
2963
2968
10.21608/ejchem.2021.55742.3176
Chalcone
3-nitro phthalic anhydride
Biological Activity
Luma S.
Ahamed
1
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Baghdad Jadiriya, Baghdad, Iraq
AUTHOR
Rana Abid
Ali
2
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Baghdad Jadiriya, Baghdad, Iraq
AUTHOR
Rana S.
Ahmed
3
Department of Pharmacy Al-Esraa University College, Baghdad, Iraq
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Development of a validated hydrophilic interaction chromatography method for the determination of cefotaxime in pharmaceutical preparations
Cefotaxime is considered as one of the semi-synthetic, 3rd generation, cephalosporin antibiotics that have been utilized for treating a lot of infections resulting from different organisms. The technique of hydrophilic chromatography interaction (HILIC) has increased the accuracy and sensitivity concerning other methods, particularly spectrophotometer. The objective of this article was to introduce a simple method for the estimation of cefotaxime in pure and pharmaceutical injection forms and study the separation mechanism of cefotaxime. HILIC mode achieved excellent separation under chromatographic conditions on a HALO ® HILIC 2.7 column (100 mm x 2.1 mm I.D.) at 35 ° C with the following conditions: 10:90% acetate buffer (pH 5.5-40 mM): acetonitrile as eluent and wavelength of detection 254 nm. The proposed HILIC method exhibited high precision (RSD% < 0.5%), concentration ranges of 100-5500 ppb, and the lowest detection limit was 6.8167 ppb with a coefficient of determination of 0.9998 for cefotaxime. The findings of the method were used statistical tests compared to the British Pharmacopoeia protocol, which did not show any difference in accuracy among the methods
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_156883_7a7c33be145e50d257fee398ab89b465.pdf
2021-06-01
2967
2972
10.21608/ejchem.2021.54252.3193
cefotaxime
HILIC
Injection forms
UV-detection
Beta-lactam antibiotics
Taif Th.
Kzar
1
General Directorate of Education-The first Rusafa, Ministry of Education, Baghdad, Iraq.
AUTHOR
Ashraf S.
Rasheed
2
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Al-Jadriya campus, 10071 Baghdad, Iraq.
AUTHOR
Mohammed J. M.
Hassan
3
Departments of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Mustansiriyah, Baghdad, Iraq
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Synthesis and Characterization of New Derivatives Of Metformin with Expected Anti-diabetic Effects
Metformin considered as a drug that widely used in the treatment of diabetes type-2 patients, and it is recommended for management of hyperglycaemia as the first-line agent. This research included the preparation of new derivatives of metformin 1-8 which contain in their composition both cyclic imide and metformin components with expected anti-diabetic effects, via two methods, the first involved reacting metformin with different anhydrides (maleic, succinic, citraconic, phthalic, pyridinic, , pyromillitic) in the presence of glacial acetic acid as a solvent and dehydrating agent. The second involved smelting of metformin with equimolar amount of anhydrides (1,8-naphthalicanhydride and 1,4,6,8-naphthalicdianhydride).The compositions of the synthesized compounds 1-8 were confirmed using FT-IR spectroscopy, 1HNMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis (C, H, N, O), and the practical results were in agreement with the expected results.
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_156896_275a65293173986bd12b493dfb8dc402.pdf
2021-06-01
2973
2982
10.21608/ejchem.2021.55914.3194
Cyclic imide
Metformin
Dimethylbiguanide
diabetic
anhydride
Ahmed Solaiman
Hamed
1
Department of Chemistry, College of Applied Science, University of Fallujah, Fallujah, Iraq
AUTHOR
Ehab M.
Ali
2
Department of Chemistry, College of Applied Science, University of Fallujah, Fallujah, Iraq
AUTHOR
Asma Adil
Gayed
3
Department of Chemistry, College of Applied Science, University of Fallujah, Fallujah, Iraq
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Extraction and Purification of a Lectins from Iraqi Truffle (Terfezia sp.)
Lectins are a glycoprotein that plays a significant role in plant and fungi resistance mechanism against insect and microorganism attacks. This paper describes for the first time the extraction and purification of a lectin protein found in the tubers of Truffle (Terfezia sp.) by a series of steps. Initially, precipitated by ammonium sulfate and accompanied by chromatographic techniques include ion-exchange chromatography and gel permeation chromatography. Lectin proteins were showed purification fold about 20.851 in the final step of the purification and specific activity about 377.581 unit/mg protein. Also, the hemagglutination activity assay of the Truffle lectin was showed activity to agglutinate for each step with the blood types A and O more than B group at room temp, under moderate pH 7.0 and also show high stability temperature extend from 0°to 40°C based on the hemagglutination activity in repeated experiments under various temperatures. The carbohydrates specificity assay results showed that the lectins have complex specificities for many sugars, but not have specific for another group in this test.
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_156898_9f2d177cb182d04e2fad8d6aa29eb89d.pdf
2021-06-01
2983
2987
10.21608/ejchem.2021.56025.3201
Truffle
Terfezia sp
Lectin
Glycoprotein
hemagglutination activity
Layth L.
Hamid
1
Biology Department, College of Science, University of Anbar, Iraq
AUTHOR
Safaa Latef
Al-Meani
2
Biotechnology Department, College of Science, University of Anbar, Iraq
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Synthesis and Characterization of Cuo Nanoparticles Stabilized by Quercetin and Its Application for Anti-Breast Cancer Activity
The main idea in this research used quercetin (QT) as a stabilizing agent to prepare CuO nanoparticle (NPs). QT is a pigment which exists from plants, fruits, and in some medicines. It contains numerous hydroxyl groups, works as a complexing agent and a self-assembly agent. The prepared CuO-NPs were characterized by fourier transformed infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The structure investigation confirm that the CuO-NPs were polycrystalline nature having a monoclinic crystalline form and showed (111̅) and (111) preferential orientations. The estimated particle sizes by XRD, TEM, and SEM ranged from 12.03 to 15.3 nm. Surface analysis displayed that homogeneously distributed CuO-NPs with a spherical shape. On the other hand, the synthesized CuO-NPs were tested for anticancer activity on the human Breast. The infected cell (MCF-7) uses MTT (3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-triazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-tetrazolium bromide) test. The inferred CuO-NPs clarify high anticancer cytotoxicity of the (MCF-7) with an IC50 μM value of 57.6 and 42.8 µg/mL for 24 and 72 h respectively.
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_156900_1ac44a4ba3065b742cb397401b39ed06.pdf
2021-06-01
2989
2995
10.21608/ejchem.2021.56260.3207
CuO nanoparticles
Quercetin
Anticancer
human breast cancer
Falah M.
Fakhree
1
Department of Nursing/ Bardarash Technical Institute/ Duhok Polytechnic University
AUTHOR
Ibrahim F.
Waheed
2
Department of Chemistry/ College of Science/ Tikrit University
AUTHOR
Kamal M.
Mahmoud
3
Chemistry Department/ Salahaddin University – Erbil/ College of Science
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Subgrouping of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Based on Proteinuria and Diabetic Control for Treatment and Follow-Up
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) exhibit improved symptoms at the start of treatment, but their conditions subsequently deteriorate after a few months of treatment. In the present study, patients treated with glibenclamide and metformin were followed up for the evaluation of the efficacy of treatment based on some biochemical parameters in T2DM subgroups. The patients with T2DM were subgrouped according to their glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), sex, urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR), and uric acid UA levels. A total of 662 patients participated in the study, which aimed to follow up with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood sugar (FBS), uric acid (UA), UACR, and lipid profiles at the beginning of treatment and after 2 and 4 months. Results showed that the best treatment effect occurred when patients were classified according to the UACR and HbA1c. In general, all parameters, especially lipid profile and UA levels, changed when patients exhibit proteinuria compared with those in normal UACR patients. Depending on the glycemic control subgroups, all parameters were higher in patients with poor glycemic control compared with those with the fair glycemic control, except for HDLc, which was lowest in the poor-control patients. The parameters revealed significant improvement (p < 0.05) in lipids, UA, UACR, and HbA1c after 2 months of treatment but subsequently remained slightly increased after 4 months of treatment. The parameters measured by using subgroups were better than those obtained from the whole group. The patients who initially experienced improved symptoms tended to ignore regular treatment and restricted diet, thereby worsening the measured parameters.
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_156901_a8bfaaf34e3433e4034982e198572b43.pdf
2021-06-01
2997
3003
10.21608/ejchem.2021.56262.3208
Diabetic mellitus
Uric acid
HbA1c
Treatment
and proteinuria
Asawer H.
Najm
1
Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Najaf, Iraq.
AUTHOR
Khalid F.
Al-Rawi
2
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Anbar, Iraq.
AUTHOR
Hussein K.
Al-Hakeim
3
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Kufa, Iraq.
AUTHOR
Othman I.
Alajrawy
4
Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Applied Science, University of Fallujah, Iraq
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Egyptian Myrtus communis L. Essential oil Potential role as invitro Antioxidant, Cytotoxic and α-amylase Inhibitor
Abstract Myrtus communis L. (MC) family Myrtaceae, is cultivated in Egypt as an ornamental plant. The essential oil (EO) isolated from different parts of the plant reported for many pharmacological activities. Myrtus black and white (MB &MW) are two varieties of Myrtus diverse from each other in the color of berries; the EO was prepared from the fresh aerial parts of both varieties through hydrodistillation. The EO was screened for its free radicals scavenging activity by five different methods (DPPH, ABTS, NO, SOR, LP) and with Vit. C & BHT as reference standard. It was noticed that the scavenging activity of MB at all used conc. (125 to 1000 µg/mL) was more potent than MW. Screening of the cytotoxic activities of the EO of MB and MW on five cancer cell line (PC3, MCF-7, A549, HepG-2, HCT-116 ) & one normal cell line (Rpel-1) revealed that both EO of the two varieties had activity against PC3& MCF-7 with IC50; 4.7±0.15, 14.2±0.35, 45.2±0.67, 50.5±0.6 compared with Doxrubacin standard 24±0.26, 26.1±0.4, respectively. MB& MW oil are safe on Rpel-1 (normal cell line). The α-amylase enzyme inhibition activity of the oils was investigated using acarbose as reference inhibitor. Both MB& MW have activity more than the standard at 125μg/ml 36.24±0.146; 32.14±.188, 23.16±0.190 and also at the highest conc. (1000 µg/mL) 96.22±0.140, 89.48±.106, 88.81±0.690, respectively. Study of the chemical constituents of the EO by GC/MS analysis resulted in the identification of 25 compounds from both species constituting 99.21% & 99.96% of the total peak area of the identified compound, respectively. The major compounds are α–Pinene (49.33%, 31.10 %); 1,8 Cineole (9.97 %, 19.21 %); Myrtenyl acetate (30.7%, 40.80 %); α –Terpineol (2.18%, 1.73%) and D-Limonene (1.90% , 2.61%) for MB & MW, respectively.
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_151578_81341c22d38f85c78138176e5ff9b89a.pdf
2021-06-01
3005
3017
10.21608/ejchem.2021.57354.3245
Myrtus communis
free radical scavenging activity
α- amylase inhibitor
Cytotoxic activity
cell lines
GC/MS analysis
Faten M.
Ibrahim
fatenmibrahim@gmail.com
1
Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, National Research Centre; 33-Elbohouth St, (Former El-Tahrir St.), Dokki – Giza-Egypt. P.O.12622 ID: 60014618
AUTHOR
Rasha
Fouad
frasha42@yahoo.com
2
Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, National Research Centre; 33-Elbohouth St, (Former El-Tahrir St.), Dokki – Giza-Egypt. P.O.12622 ID: 60014618
AUTHOR
Salwa
EL-Hallouty
hallouty68@yahoo.com
3
Department of Pharmacognosy, National Research Centre; 33-Elbohouth St, (Former El-Tahrir St.), Dokki – Giza-Egypt. P.O.12622, ID: 60014618
AUTHOR
Saber F.
Hendawy
hendawysaber@yahoo.com
4
Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, National Research Centre; 33-Elbohouth St, (Former El-Tahrir St.), Dokki – Giza-Egypt. P.O.12622 ID: 60014618
AUTHOR
Elsayed A.
Omer
sayedomer2001@yahoo.com
5
Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, National Research Centre; 33-Elbohouth St, (Former El-Tahrir St.), Dokki – Giza-Egypt. P.O.12622 ID: 60014618
AUTHOR
Reda S.
Mohammed
redamohammed2015@gmail.com
6
Department of Pharmacognosy, National Research Centre; 33-Elbohouth St, (Former El-Tahrir St.), Dokki – Giza-Egypt. P.O.12622, ID: 60014618
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Studying of physicochemical properties of Coumarin based Nano-complexes for biomedical applications
Novel Schiff base ligand based on coumarin precursor was prepared by the condensation of 3-acetyl coumarin with 3-aminophenol. The newly synthesized Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II) complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, spectroscopic techniques (IR,1H NMR, mass spectrometry, UV–Vis), and thermal (TG/DTG) to predict their structures. The results data displays octahedral complexes with 1M:1L ratio. The IR confirmed that the ligand coordinated to the metal ions in tridentate mode with ONO coordination sites. The complexes decomposed with three to five steps within the temperature range 30-900 C. Additionally, mass spectra of the ligand and its Cu(II) complex offer well matching data with calculated value. The molar conductivity values pointed out that the complexes were non electrolytes. Molecular optimization of prepared compositions at DFT/ LANL2DZ level, besides Molecular docking between Schiff base ligand (HL) and the receptors of breast Cancer were executed. Additionally, antibacterial activity has been evaluated against Streptococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Additionally, fungicidal activity was screened in vitro against Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans, using the disc diffusion method. The [Co(HL)Cl2.H2O].4H2O complex exhibits the highest antimicrobial effect against Streptococcus aureus with inhibition area 17mm, while against Escherichia coli it records 14mm, and 12mm against Candida albicans . The [Mn(L)Cl2.H2O].4H2O complex showing the lowest IC50 against human cancer (MCF-7 cells viability) with 22.2 µg/ml.
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_153432_928d6254dfbe0297cea6609a15bb06f0.pdf
2021-06-01
3019
3034
10.21608/ejchem.2021.61403.3322
coumarin Schiff base
spectroscopy
complexes
Molecular docking
Antimicrobial
Anticancer
DFT and HF Computational
Walaa
Mahmoud
dr.walaa@yahoo.com
1
Chemistry department, Faculty of Science, Cairo university, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
Mervat
Mostafa
mervat_s.mostfa@yahoo.com
2
Science and Technology Center of Excellence (STCE), Ministry of Military Production, Cairo, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
M
Omar
chemersay@yahoo.com
3
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613 Egypt
AUTHOR
Gehad
Mohamed
ggenidymohamed@gmail.com
4
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613 Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Preparation, characterization and biological activity study of Co (II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) Complexes with 4-(( Z)-4-bromobenzylidene)-2-(7-((4-bromobenzylidene) amino)-3-methyl-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo [4.2.0] oct-2-en-2-yl)-oxazol-5(4H)-one derivatives
New succession related to the transition metal complexes Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II) with 4-((Z)-4-bromobenzylidene)-2-(7-((4-bromobenzylidene)amino)-3methyl-8oxo-5-thia-1azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-en-2yl)oxazol-5(4H)-one) has been prepared and described. The structural descriptions have been reached from FT-IR, molar conductance measurements, magnetic susceptibility UV-Vis ,flame atomic absorption techniques as well as 1HNMR. Based on those results, it is proposed that the coordinates of the ligand to metal ions from the nitrogen related to azomethine group as well as the oxygen of carbonyl group. In addition, the biological activity of complexes and ligand has been investigated opposite Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus Niger, Ecoli, and Candida albicans. The products indicate that Co (II)-complex, Ni (II)-complex and Cu (II) -complex is enhanced the biological activity in comparison to ligand.
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_156911_6a1db26c47b48ac90e86d338feb31897.pdf
2021-06-01
3035
3040
10.21608/ejchem.2021.63336.3357
complexes
Biological Activity
spectral studies and Ligand
Nawal D.
Resen
1
Chemistry Department, College of Science, University of Mustansiriyah, Baghdad, Iraq
AUTHOR
Nagham
Majed
2
Chemistry Department, College of Science, University of Mustansiriyah, Baghdad, Iraq
AUTHOR
Huda I.
Al-Rubaye
3
Chemistry Department, College of Education for Pure Science, Ibn Al-Haitham, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
AUTHOR
Thoraia M.
Alkhaisy
4
Chemistry Department, College of Science, University of Mustansiriyah, Baghdad, Iraq
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Characterization the Properties of Blended Single Jersey Fabrics using Different Microfiber Yarn Cross-sections and Gauges Machine
Since the last few decades, a development of new types of fibers were appeared in order to improve the mechanical properties of fabrics besides its comfort properties, Cotton material was used as a blended material to enhance the properties of the manufactured products. The main purpose of this article is to investigate the influence of different polyester yarn cross-section and gauges on the mechanical properties of blended knitted samples. In this study two groups of knitted samples were manufactured, using gauge 24 and gauge 20, the samples were implemented with single jersey knitted structure by two different polyester microfiber cross-sections and blended cotton ratio. Some of mechanical properties were carried out for all samples such as air permeability, spray test, bursting strength and roughness. The result values recorded and tabulated, as well as statistically analysis using ANOVA Two-way Measurements were executed. The results illustrate that tests properties of blended knitted samples were significantly affected by variables except the spray test. In the same context the results clarify that trilobal cross-section improves UPF property for knitted samples. Finally, due to study the performance of each sample the radar chart was occurred, as the results revealed that Polyester Trilobal samples recorded the best sample radar area with different gauges.
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_152665_e3eaaf05034d03594f10c6735036dc6c.pdf
2021-06-01
3041
3048
10.21608/ejchem.2021.58596.3265
Polyester microfiber
Yarn Cross-section
gauge
Knitted Fabric
Single jersey
Dooa H.
Elgohary
d_ego44@hotmail.com
1
Department of Spinning and Weaving Engineering, Textile Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouthst., Dokki, P.O.12622, Cairo, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
S.
Yahia
sara.yahia.gad@gmail.com
2
Department of Spinning and Weaving Engineering, Textile Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouthst., Dokki, P.O.12622, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Khaled
Seddik
dr.khaledseddik@gmail.com
3
Department of Clothing and Knitting, Textile Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouthst., Dokki, P.O.12622, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Synthesis of new Amides based on N-Phthaloyl-α-Amino Acids
N-phthaloyl derivatives of aliphatic α-amino acids were synthesized using phthalanhydride under standard conditions. The optimization reaction carried out by the thermal method to obtain the amides of these N-phthaloyl amino acids resulted in transimitted rather than amidation. The target amides of N-phthaloyl-α-amino acids were obtained by acylation of the amine with the corresponding acid chloroanhydrides in dichloromethane. These results were compared with the results of a similar acylation in a non-polar solvent (benzene). The dependence of the direction of the reaction on the duration of the acylation and the amount of amine used was established. The conditions for the formation of the corresponding N-phthaloyl-α-amino acid amides and asymmetric phthalic acid diamides were found. It is noteworthy that the formation of diamides is directly proportional to the equivalent amount of amine and the duration of the reaction, which makes it possible to purposefully control the synthesis in one reactor.
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_153911_1f54f5cb5ef8db9251148e081d6b4cb6.pdf
2021-06-01
3049
3058
10.21608/ejchem.2021.48494.2990
N-phthaloyl amino acid
homoveratrylamine
Condensation
amide
diamide
Davlat
Tukhtaev
davlatuzb@mail.ru
1
Organic synthesis and bioorganic chemistry, Chemistry, Samarkand state university, Samarkand, Uzbekistan.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Alisher
Yusupov
ayusupov.chem@gmail.com
2
Department of Chemistry, Samarkand State University
AUTHOR
Valentina
Vinogradova
cnc@icps.org.uz
3
S. Yu. Yunusov Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Sythesis Of Novel 2-Thioxo-4-Imidazolidinone Derivatives And Evaluate Their Antibacterial, And Antifungal Activities
The infectious diseases caused by antimicrobials pathogens are difficult, harmful, and sometimes impossible to treat. Therefore, design new drugs to treat antimicrobial infections is the biggest challenge for modern medicine. 2-Thioxo-4-imidazolidinone is used for the synthesis of a wide variety of new substituted imidazolidinone derivatives. In this study, we designing eight novel compounds derived for the 2-thioxo-4-imidazolidinones (5a-h). The preparation was in two steps via Micheal addition of phenyl hydrazide (2a), 4-methyl phenyl hydrazide 2b on N-substituted maleimides 1a-d in ethanol, and the second step by reaction of maleimide derivatives with cyclohexyl isothiocyanate 4 in acetonitrile. The chemical structures of the compounds were identified using FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and mass spectra, as well as the melting point. The antibacterial and antifungal evaluation was carried out to target their activities. Compound N-(5-(2-((4-chlorophenyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-4-oxo-2-thioxoimidazolidin-1-yl) benzamide (5b) exhibited antibacterial activity toward Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with equal minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 25 mg/mL. Compounds N-(3-cyclohexyl-4-oxo-5-(2-oxo-2-(phenylamino)ethyl)-2-thioxoimidazolidin-1-yl) benzamide (5a), N-(5-(2-((4-chlorophenyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-4-oxo-2-thioxoimidazolidin-1-yl) benzamide (5b), N-(5-(2-((4-bromophenyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-4-oxo-2-thioxo imidazolidin-1-yl) benzamide (5c), and N-(3-cyclohexyl-4-oxo-5-(2-oxo-2-(phenylamino)ethyl)-2-thioxoimidazolidin-1-yl)-4-methyl benzamide (5e) exhibited antifungal activity toward Candida albicans, while all compounds exhibited antifungal activity toward Aspergillus niger except for compound 5h, with various MIC values. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that the new compounds have to promise as antifungal agents. Moreover, compound 5b could develop as an antibacterial agent.
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_159610_9ab508c275582c205564e89db7f4420a.pdf
2021-06-01
3059
3067
10.21608/ejchem.2021.66960.3442
Antifungal
diffusion method
Gram positive bacteria
Gram negative bacteria
Maleimide
Thioimidazolidine
Layla
AbdulJabar
laylaadnan182@gmail.com
1
1- Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Basrah , Basrah, Iraq. 2- Department of Physiology, Medicines and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
AUTHOR
Dakhil
Mutalq
dakhil.z_m72@yahoo.com
2
Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Basrah , Basrah, Iraq
AUTHOR
Ali
Al-Shawi
ali.abdulhussein@uobasrah.edu.iq
3
Chemistry Department
University of Basrah
College of Education for Pure Sciences
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Drinking water quality assessment using Principal Component Analysis: Case study of the town of Souk Ahras, Algeria
Water quality can be considered a key contributor to both health and disease for humans. To obtain more advanced information about water quality the principal component analysis (PCA) was applied using the drinking water supply network data during four seasons in 2018 in Souk Ahras city/Algeria in order to extract principal factors that can explain the quality of drinking water. These factors aim to bring together the main explanatory elements of the water quality and their order of responsibility on the quality of the water through physicochemical parameters measured in situ. During the course of study 14 parameters were used for the characterization of the quality of drinking water in Souk Ahras city, these parameters were replaced by six (6) principal components explaining approximately 65.33% of the variance of the data. The study highlights two main problems, the strong signs of the presence of harmful germs and probably malfunction in part of the equipment of the processing and distribution facilities; and second, amount of the residual chlorine in water
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_151943_7fe89b29b76653d8327d836e7cb5b7da.pdf
2021-06-01
3069
3075
10.21608/ejchem.2021.53654.3112
Drinking water quality
principal component analysis (PCA)
Parameter reduction
Souk Ahras city
Algeria
Bensoltane
Mohamed Amine
bensoltaneamine@gmail.com
1
Department of civil engineering, Souk Ahras Unniversity
AUTHOR
lotfi
zeghadnia
lotfi.zeghadnia@univ-soukahras.dz
2
Department of civil engineering, Mohamed cherif Messadia university, Souk Ahras, Algeria
LEAD_AUTHOR
Bordji
Nesrine
bordji_nesrine@yahoo.fr
3
Department of Mangement sciences, Souk Ahras university
AUTHOR
Gagan
Matta
drgaganmta@gkv.ac.in
4
Department of Zoology & Environmental ScienceFaculty of Life Science, Gurukula Kangri UniversityHaridwar-24940, India
AUTHOR
Saliha
Boranen
saliha.bouran@univ-soukahras.dz
5
Dept. of Process Engineering, Univ. of Mohamed Cherif Messaadia, Souk Ahras, Algeria
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Impact of Crosslinking Degree on Structure, Swelling Behaviour and Heavy Metals Uptake of Polyacrylate/Kaolin Hydrogel Composite
Polyacrylate/kaolin hydrogel composite was prepared via ultrasonic irradiation using various crosslinking agent contents (N, N'-Methylenebisacrylamide (MBA)) and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Brunauer Emmett and Teller (BET) method. Moreover, heavy metals adsorption was investigated using synthetic solutions and industrial wastewater (single and mixed elements) in both lab-scale batch and pilot-scale continuous modes. Results indicated that 0.3 wt% MBA is the optimum content regarding structure, swelling behavior and single element batch adsorption results. Batch tests revealed adsorption capacities of 75, 33, 38 and 96 mg/g for Cr, Co, Ni and Pb, respectively from mixed solutions. It is inferred that mixed synthetic solutions and industrial wastewater have lower adsorption capacities than single solutions, where Pb attained the highest performance. Pilot-scale continuous adsorption for mixed synthetic solutions in a fluidized bed column revealed that 24 h cycle time is appropriate for Cr and Pb removal while 48 h is optimum for Co and Ni. Sulphuric acid revealed the best desorption efficiencies which lie in the order of Co > Ni >Pb >>Cr. According to these results, the developed hydrogel composite is reliable for heavy metals uptake under different adsorption modes.
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_152666_b2b2305db80490c611394cee1b9fc547.pdf
2021-06-01
3077
3085
10.21608/ejchem.2021.59457.3277
polyacrylate composite
crosslinking degree
Heavy metals
adsorption/desorption
Industrial Wastewater
Mohamed
Sorour
dmsorour@gmail.com
1
Chemical Engineering and Pilot Plant Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth Street, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
heba
hani
hi_heba2@yahoo.com
2
Chemical Engineering and Pilot Plant Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth Street, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hayam
Shaalan
hayam64@hotmail.com
3
Chemical Engineering and Pilot Plant Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth Street, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
Eman
Sayed
emanamoonaa15@gmail.com
4
Chemical Engineering and Pilot Plant Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth Street, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
Amany
Elmansoup
amany.elmansoup@gmail.com
5
Chemical Engineering and Pilot Plant Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth Street, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Polymerization shrinkage in contemporary resin-based dental composites: A Review Article
Polymerization shrinkage of the resin-based dental composite restorations has crucial implications on the clinical performance and durability of the resin composite restoration. Polymerization shrinkage is an inherent property of the photo-cured methacrylate composite Thus, contemporary resin-based dental composites try to achieve novel chemistry in a commercial resin composite to limit the polymerization shrinkage to minimum by alteration of resin part and addition of inorganic fillers.
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_151579_49e6c5af0785e5d8ea030df56985b5ab.pdf
2021-06-01
3087
3092
10.21608/ejchem.2021.60131.3286
resin composite
polymer
Polymerization shrinkage
Matrix
Fillers
Dental restorations
Polymerization
Tamer
Hamdy
dr_tamer_hamdy@yahoo.com
1
Restorative and Dental Materials Research Department, National Research Centre (NRC),Cairo, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Novel, Low Cost and Fast Detection Sensor for Biogenic H2S Gas Based on Polyaniline/ZnO, CdO and CeO2 nanocomposites at Room Temperature
Screen printed electrode (SPE) is considering one of the most prospective techniques for sensing purposes due to its low cost, easy fabrication and reusability. It is worthwhile to use SPE as a sensor for fast detection of the biogenic H2S gas which is a sign for sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) existence. SRB presence is the first indicator in the industrial sector that causes a catastrophic environmental issue which give time for the decision makers to avoid their consequences. Polyaniline (PANI), PANI/MOx nanocomposites were prepared as sensing materials. The prepared materials have been characterized by FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy and GPC techniques. The morphological properties have been determined using SEM and HR-TEM. The particle size distributions have been determined using dynamic light scattering (DLS). Moreover, the fabricated sensors also have been applied as biogenic H2S gas detector using the electrical resistance changes. The data confirmed that the PANI doped with ZnO NPs has the best sensing performance compared to the other fabricated sensors.
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_153430_624e878d0dcb56651a0f74ae68fc22a6.pdf
2021-06-01
3093
3104
10.21608/ejchem.2021.60970.3308
Sensors
Conducting polymers
Metal Oxides
Nano-composites
H2S gas
and SRB
khalid
kabel
drkhalid1977@yahoo.com
1
petroleum applications department, egyptian petroleum research institute
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ahmed
Labena
labena.labena@gmail.com
2
Egyptian research institute, Associate professor
AUTHOR
walaa
gado
walaa_shabaan86@yahoo.com
3
petrochemicals department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Polypropylene as a Reference Material for Small Scale Horizontal Rate of Burning Instrument
Controlling the risks associated with the flammability of polymeric materials depends on their flammability tests, as well as the existence of reference materials which are important tools for ensuring the quality of measurement results. In this study, polypropylene (PP) was prepared and tested to be a certified reference material for horizontal burning rate test instrument (UL94) in accordance with ISO guides and standards. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to characterize some of the thermal properties like melting point and decomposition temperature of PP. The certified value of the PP burning rate was assigned by analyzing the data obtained through bi-lateral laboratory comparison involving two competent laboratories. The results of the burning rate measurements for the participating laboratories were clearly consistent and harmonic. The certified value and expanded uncertainty were calculated using results of characterization, homogeneity study and stability assessment and were found 19.63 ± 1.2 mm/ min at approximate confidence level of 95 %.
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_152668_a884f16a8495bae5c63cd30ad340c902.pdf
2021-06-01
3105
3110
10.21608/ejchem.2021.62440.3342
Reference material
Bi-lateral laboratory comparison
polypropylene
UL94 flame chamber
flammability
Manar
Mahmoud
manar.mohammed60@yahoo.com
1
chemistry department, National institute of standard
LEAD_AUTHOR
Aksam
Abdelkhalik
aksamhassan85@gmail.com
2
chemistry department, national institute of standard
AUTHOR
Mohamed
Hassan
mohamed_a_hassan@hotmail.com
3
Saudi Standards, Metrology and Quality Organization
AUTHOR
Mohamed
Nour
m_a_nour@hotmail.com
4
chemistry department, national institute of standared
AUTHOR
Eglal
Souaya
eglals@yahoo.com
5
Faculty of Science, Ein Shams University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A study of the biophysical properties of polystyrene films incorporated with clove oil as bio-based plasticizer.
. Polystyrene based films loaded with different concentrations of clove oil (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 wt.%) were prepared using solution casting technique. The properties of the novel composites are characterized using dielectric spectroscopy (DS), attenuated total reflection-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD),UV absorption spectra, contact angle measurements, mechanical analysis, in addition to test the anti-bacterial effect of the composites against two strains of microorganisms: Escherichia coli(gram-negative bacteria) and Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive bacteria). According to dielectric study, by increasing the CLO content both The permittivity ', dielectric loss " and the electrical conductivity increases. The contact angle measurements indicate that, the PS-CLO films demonstrate hydrophilic behavior compared to the pure PS. Tensile strength R values decreased by increasing CLO content and elongation at break R values were found to be increased. The increase in R may be due to the softening effect of CLO. The incorporation of the clove oil improved the light transmittance of the films. PS-CLO 40% sample have antibacterial activity against both E. coli and S. aureus.
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_151580_936a7370489318844deafbb0087d4992.pdf
2021-06-01
3111
3120
10.21608/ejchem.2021.61000.3309
polystyrene
Clove oil
dielectric
mechanical
Optical properties
nagwa
kamel
nagwakamel@gmail.com
1
Microwave Physics and Dielectrics Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mona
Saied
m_amin2212@yahoo.com
2
Microwave Physics and Dielectrics Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Rawya
Ramadan
r.mm.ramadan@gmail.com
3
Microwave Physics and Dielectrics Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Salwa
Abd-El-Messieh
slabdelmessieh@yahoo.com
4
Microwave Physics and Dielectrics Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Square Wave Anodic Voltammetric Determination of Antidiabetic Drug Linagliptin in The Dosage Form and Biological Fluids by Microparticles Copper Pencil Graphite Electrode
A new simple, cheap, and rapid method to increase the sensitivity of pencil graphite electrode (PGE) to determine Linagliptin (LNG) was developed by modified PGE with copper microparticles (Cu-PGE). The disposable modified sensor electrode's preparation depended on the electrodeposition of Cu-microparticles on the PGE that can be applied for determined LNG by complexed it with Cu+2 ions and measure the LNG-Cu complex onto the Cu-PGE improved. The preparation of this modified electrode is easy, simple, and cheap, and has high sensitivity. The modified electrode detected the LNG in the LNG-Cu complex range from 47.25 - 283.53 ng mL-1 with detection and quantitative limits of 6.0 and 20.0 ng mL-1, respectively, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9995. The proposed method was applied with success to determined LNG in the dosage form, spiked urine, and spiked plasma samples; additionally, the obtained modified electrode was put in comparison with the reported electrodes.
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_151942_59a5217f269b60aa7b5d0c8ed28c748d.pdf
2021-06-01
3121
3130
10.21608/ejchem.2021.48845.2999
Square Wave Anodic Voltammetric
Linagliptin
Microparticles Copper Pencil Graphite Electrode
Dosage Form and Biological Fluids
Ahmed
Gahlan
ah4424493@gmail.com
1
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
AUTHOR
Sayed
Derayea
sayed.derayea@gmail.com
2
Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
AUTHOR
Mahmoud
Omar
momar71g@yahoo.com
3
Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Minia
AUTHOR
Gamal
Saleh
gasaleh05@yahoo.com
4
Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
AUTHOR
Ahmed
Haredy
ahm.mogahed@gmail.com
5
Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Nano metal complexes in cancer therapy, preparation, spectroscopic, characterization and anti-breast cancer activity of new metal complexes of alanine Schiff-base.
There are many properties of metal ions that were useful for solving basic problems in medicine, metal complexes with particular properties can be covalently affected to biological macromolecules. Mono Co(II), Ni(II) ,Cu(II) ,Zn(II) ,Mg(II) and binuclear Zn(II)/Cu(II) and Ni(II)/Cu(II) complexes of new Schiff-base derived from alanine amino acid ester have been synthesized and characterized. They were studied using elemental and spectral analysis such as IR,UV-VIS,1H-NMR mass spectroscopy as well as conductivity, magnetism, thermal analysis (DTA and TGA), electron microscope and ESR measurements. Conductance measurements of metal complexes indicated non electrolytic in nature. Elemental and spectral analysis confirmed distorted octahedral structural for all complexes. ESR spectra of complexes showed anisotropic or isotropic spectra with covalent bond character. Electron microscope data showed that, complexes with high biological activity were found in Nano form. The ligand and some of its complexes were studied against breast cancer (in vitro) and exhibited moderate to high activity compared to standard drug (doxorubicin). The order of activity was (doxorubicin)= ligand (1) > Ni(II)/Cu(II) complex (19) > Zn(II)/Cu(II) complex (20) > Zn(II) complex (18).
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_153145_90191a84792e3ee2d6755c110d9dfb34.pdf
2021-06-01
3131
3152
10.21608/ejchem.2021.52415.3082
Alanine
Schiff-base
spectra
magnetism
Nano form
Abdou
El Tabl
asaeltabl@yahoo.com
1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, El-Menoufia University, Shebin El -Kom, Egypt.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Moshira
Abd Wlwahed
moshiraabdelwahed@yahoo.com
2
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, El-Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Manar
Abd-Elwareth
mnar1040@gmail.com
3
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, El-Menoufia University, Shebin El -Kom, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Shimaa
Faheem
shimaa.faheem@yahoo.com
4
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, El-Menoufia University, Shebin El -Kom, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Optimization for Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Aframomum melegueta Phenolics Using Response Surface Methodology
Aframomum melegueta seeds (AMS) is an African spice with well known traditional and therapeutic values. Its pharmacological activities are attributable mainly to phenolics. This study aimed to investigate and optimize the parameters affecting the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of AMS major constituents and total phenolic content (TPC) using response surface methodology. 6-gingerol, 6-shogoal and 6-paradol were isolated from AMS and a Box-Behnken design (3 factors /3 levels) was used to determine the effect of three extraction parameters (extraction time, methanol concentration and liquid/solid ratio) on their extraction yield. The results showed that methanol concentration and liquid/solid ratio have positive and significant impact on the UAE of TPC and the three investigated compounds, while extraction time has no significant effect. Under optimal conditions, each 1 g dry sample provides 9.32±0.02 mg, 3.72±0.01 mg, 12.32±0.04 mg and 10.71±0.19 mg/GAE of 6-gingerol, 6-shogoal, 6-paradol and TPC, respectively. The optimized UAE conditions were validated and are recommended for the recovery of 6-gingerol, 6-shogoal, 6-paradol and TPC from AMS for further applications as alternative to conventional extraction method.
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_153426_55f06bc2c6f4674aa6c1290345169e8c.pdf
2021-06-01
3153
3160
10.21608/ejchem.2021.52321.3080
Aframomum melegueta
Optimization
Phenolic compounds
Response surface methodology
Ultrasonic-assisted extraction
Rabab
Abdou
rabab.abdo@pharma.cu.edu.eg
1
Pharmacognosy department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Riham
El Dine
riham.salaheldine@pharma.cu.edu.eg
2
Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Nebal
El-Tanbouly
nebal.eltanbouly@pharma.cu.edu.eg
3
Pharmacognosy department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Aly
El-sayed
aly.elsayed@pharma.cu.edu.eg
4
Pharmacognosy department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Possible Using of Acid Sensitive Dyes Embedded in Poly(vinyl alcohol) in Determination the Irradiation Doses
Study a new film prepared via casting a mixture of aqueous solutions consists of Orange IV and Indigo Carmine dyes embedded poly (vinyl alcohol) for dose monitoring. The prepared film may be beneficial in low and moderate dose monitor range from 0 to 60 kGy. The film undergoes an obvious color change from green to red color on exposure to gamma photons nominated it to be used as label dosimeter. The range of response curve in the target film depends on the concentration of the added chloral hydrate. The film shows good stability pre and after irradiation. There is no effect of humidity in the range of (10-70 % RH). The overall combined uncertainty measured is 6.32%
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_151941_7f0084f5a6b583ad008273ffe87d8f93.pdf
2021-06-01
3161
3165
10.21608/ejchem.2021.44378.2898
Orange IV
Indigo Carmine
Poly (vinyl alcohol)
Gamma ray
Dosimetry
moshira
El kelany
dr.moshy@gmail.com
1
national center for radiation researches and technology
AUTHOR
Asmaa
Sobhy
asmaa.sobhy@hotmail.com
2
Egyptian atomic Energy authority- Dosimetry department
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammed
Sadek
dr_sadek@hotmail.com
3
Faculty of Science (girls), Al-Azhar University
AUTHOR
Hasanat
Badr
hasnaabadrnemr@gmail.com
4
national center for radiation researches and technology
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Preparation of PolyHIPE monolithic materials functionalization by tris(2-aminoethyl)amine
The developments of monolithic materials rapidly in nowadays hold an impressively strong position in separation science as well as in other areas of chemistry. In this research are presented functionalization of PolyHIPE monolithic materials by tris(2-aminoethyl) amine. Monolithic polymer supports and scavengers were synthesized via nucleophilic displacement of chlorine in poly(4-vinyl benzyl chloride-co-divinylbenzene) as PolyHIPE materials. Porous copolymers of DVB/DVB were prepared by emulsion templating using high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) as precursors for monoliths. The properties of the final products synthesized were functionalized with an amino group, at a different ratio of amine/chloromethyl groups, in different time refluxed were explored. PolyHIPE functionalized with tris(2-aminoethyl)amine to yield a product with high degrees of conversion. The extent of the functionalization reactions was investigated by a range of qualitative and quantitative techniques: FTIR, CHN analysis, potentiometric measurements, and (BET) measurements have been performed.
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_152226_64b7c29ae0fd490f561d8681b048072e.pdf
2021-06-01
3167
3174
10.21608/ejchem.2021.42919.2864
Monolithic PolyHIPE
Vinyl monomer
Polymeric scavenger reagents
Mesoporous
Malesore
Pllana
malsore_p@hotmail.com
1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences & Mathematics, University of Prishtina
AUTHOR
Peter
Krajnc
peter.krajnc@uni-mb.si
2
Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
AUTHOR
Ramiz
Hoti
ramiz.hoti@uni-pr.edu
3
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences &amp; Mathematics, University of Prishtina
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Chemical and Bacteriological Assessment of Groundwater in Tathleeth Region of Asir
The current study aims to identify and assess the validity of groundwater in Tathleeth Region of Asir, Saudi Arabia for human and irrigation uses. The efforts, in this work, included a collection of different groundwater samples from Tathleeth area. After collection, the samples were put in appreciate containers, transferred to laboratory and kept for further analysis. The collection, preservation and analysis were done according to the standard methods. Then after, the physico-chemical proprieties of the collected groundwater samples as well as the concentration of different anions and cations were determined. Further, a bacteriological analysis was performed to evaluate the possible use of the groundwater, in this area, for human use. Finally, the obtained results were compared with the allowed limits set by Gulf Standard Specification (GSS). Experimentally, many groundwater samples were collected from different wells, have different depths and distributed throughout the area of study. From all these groundwater samples, only nine samples were selected, to exclude repetition, and subjected to chemical and bacteriological analysis. The physical characteristics including: odor, color, turbidity and conductivity of the collected samples were determined. The values of different chemical parameters as: pH, total dissolved salts (TDS), total hardens, total alkalinity were measured according to the standard methods of analysis. In addition, the concentration of many anions (chloride, fluoride, nitrite, nitrate, ammonia and sulphate) and some major cations (iron, magnesium and calcium) were determined. Finally, a bacteriological analysis for E.coli, and T. coliform were performed for all collected samples. The revealed results showed that pH has values ranged from 7.3 to 8.5 and the electrical conductivity exhibited values between 754 - 8944 µS cm-1 while the total dissolved salts between 520 to 6171 mg L-1. The results demonstrate the validity of certain samples for human uses and the suitability of most of samples for irrigation purposes.
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_153146_e50f893f136244944db0bcd84b3c41d4.pdf
2021-06-01
3175
3185
10.21608/ejchem.2021.61442.3320
Assessment
Groundwater quality
Tathleeth
GSS
Faleh
Alqahtany
faleh@ub.edu.sa
1
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Synthesis and biological activity of a new class of enaminonitrile pyrazole
The present work illustrates the treatment of 5-amino-1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile (1) with maleic, phthalic anhydrides, acetyl chloride, and benzene sulfonyl chloride to afford the pyrazole derivatives 2-5. The treatment of pyrazole derivative 1 with some active methylene reagents namely: malononitrile, cyanoacetamide, ethyl acetoacetate afforded the pyrazolopyridine 6-9. Reaction of compound 1 with acetic anhydride gave the pyrazolopyrimidinone 10, which was allowed to react with P2S5 and POCl3 to give the thione 11 and the chloro 12 derivatives. The reaction of compounds 11 and 12 with thiosemicarbazide under different conditions gave 13 and 14. Compound 12 when reacted with hydrazine hydrate and p-toluidine gave compounds 15 and 16. The reaction of compound 10 with ethyl chloroacetate gave compound 17 which was allowed to react with thiosemicarbazide to give 22 and also to consecutive reactions with hydrazine hydrate, carbon disulfide, piperidine, hydrazine hydrate to give compounds 18-21. Finally, compound 1 was reacted with chloroacetic acid, hydrated hydrazine, urea, thiourea, benzaldehyde and triethylamine to give compounds 23-29. The newly prepared compounds were characterized by using IR, 13C-NMR, 1H-NMR, and mass spectral data. Some new pyrazole derivatives showed highly antibacterial activities.
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_152675_4365b5991d8fab7c1766b81bbdc7646e.pdf
2021-06-01
3187
3203
10.21608/ejchem.2021.62916.3350
pyrazole
pyrazolopyrimidine
Pyrazolopyridine
Antibacterial
sabah
Mohamed
sabah.sobhey@yahoo.com
1
research at the Regional Center of Mycology and Biotechnology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
nadia
dawoud
dawoudnad@yahoo.com
2
Professor of Organic Chemistry at Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (for girls), Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Sara N.
Shabaan
saranabil299@gmail.com
3
Associate professor at Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (for girls), Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
nahed
fathall
profnahed@yahoo.com
4
Professor of Organic Chemistry at Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (for girls), Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
galal
hosni
galal.hosny.sayed@gamil.com
5
Professor of Organic Chemistry at Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
kurls
anwer
kurls_koko@yahoo.com
6
chemistry, faculty of science, ain shams, cairo, egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Promising biodegradable composite derived from corn straw fiber and waste Polyethylene
Many efforts have been done to overcome of the environmental pollution problems especially waste plastic materials. So, we try to go through this point of view via studying the availability of using waste agriculture material, represented as corn straw (MS), with waste polyethylene (W-PE) as main components to represent a biodegradable compound for agriculture uses. In this study incorporation of different ratios of MS (100 micron) (10-40%) and W-PE (45-75%) with weight ratios of (5%) for malic anhydride (MA), and each of bentonite (B), diammonium phosphate (DAP), hydrolyzed starch (HSt) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has been constructed. In other incorporations PVA is replaced by chitosan (Ch). Also another trail was done by replacing PVA and HSt with chitosan with weight ratio of (5%). The admixture components were formulated using Parbener mixer at temperature of 150oC, for 10 minutes, at shear rate of 30 rpm. The obtained compounds were subjected to biodegradability study using cellulase enzyme from fungal local isolate (Aspergillus oryzae) as well as commercial cellulase from Aspergillus niger (Sigma). Moreover, the compounds before and after biodegradation were characterized using FTIR, and SEM. The biodegradation studies, using cellulases from two different sources, showed that the presence of chitosan (5%) or chitosan (2.5%) with starch (2.5%) speed up the process of biodegradability with achievement of about 95% more other compounds without chitosan. This study verify two goals, firstly pollution prevention for waste plastic materials and secondly, biodegradable composites could be used in different applications.
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_152669_30465ba60232303a03b2f6ba6bab9faa.pdf
2021-06-01
3205
3213
10.21608/ejchem.2021.64181.3376
Keywords: Waste polyethylene
Corn Straw
biodegradation
Chitosan
Cellulases
Aspergillus oryzae
Amal
Hussien
amalhassan019@gmail.com
1
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, 11795 Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Hanaa
Nasr
hanaa_nasr@hotmail.com
2
Polymer Dept., National research centre
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohamed
Abdel-Aziz
abdelaziz146@gmail.com
3
Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division, National Research Centre, 33 El Behouth st.-Dokki, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
Mohamed
Mabrouk
moh.rizk@yahoo.com
4
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, 11795 Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Farida
El-Dars
fkeldars@hotmail.com
5
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, 11795 Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Samaha
Radwan
samaha_shr@hotmail.com
6
National institute standards
AUTHOR