@article { author = {}, title = {Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {55}, number = {5}, pages = {437-452}, year = {2012}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2012.1167}, abstract = {  THE INCREASING awareness of the depletion of fossil fuel ……resources and the environmental benefits of biodiesel fuel has made it more attractive in recent times. The cost of biodiesel, however, is the major hurdle to its commercialization in comparison to petroleum-based diesel fuel. The high cost is primarily due to the raw material, mostly neat vegetable oil. Used cooking oil is one of the economical sources for biodiesel production. However, the products formed during frying, can affect the transesterification reaction and the biodiesel properties. This review attempts to review various technological methods of biodiesel production from used cooking oil. The analytical methods for high quality biodiesel fuel from used cooking oil like GC, HPLC and TGA have also been used. In addition, the specifications provided by different countries are presented. The fuel properties of biodiesel fuel from used cooking oil were also reviewed and compared with those of conventional diesel fuel.}, keywords = {Biodiesel,Environmental,Diesel fuel and Catalysis}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_1167.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_1167_e2783eab53f4143b36aaa1a498229999.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Catalysis and Nanotechnologies}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {55}, number = {5}, pages = {453-473}, year = {2012}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2012.1168}, abstract = {  NANOTECHNOLOGY can be understood as a technology of …….design, fabrication and applications of nanostructures and nanomaterials, as well as fundamental understanding of physical properties and phenomena of nanomaterials and nanostructures. Nanomaterials, compared to bulk materials, have the scales ranging from individual atoms or molecules to submicron dimensions at least in one dimension. Nanomaterials and nanotechnology have found the significant applications in physical, chemical and biological systems. The discovery of novel materials, processes, and phenomena at the nanoscale, as well as the development of new experimental and theoretical techniques for research provide plenty of new opportunities for the development of innovative nanostructured materials. Nanostructured materials can be made with unique nanostructures and properties. This field is expected to open new venues in science and technology.}, keywords = {Nanotechnology,Catalysis,Preparation and Characterization}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_1168.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_1168_e4c906e9582ff500d43b557db0d43d58.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Synthesis and Application of Functional (Anti-UV) Azo - dyes on Nylon Fabrics: Part I}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {55}, number = {5}, pages = {475-489}, year = {2012}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2012.1169}, abstract = {    NINE novel azo dyes containing UV absorber (anti-UV dyes) ……were synthesized by diazotization of primary aromatic amines (p.NO2, p.Cl, p.Br aniline) and then coupling with J- acid coupler. The resultant intermediates were also diazotized and coupled with anti-UV functional finishing groups (resorcinol, 2, 4- dihydroxy benzophenone, 1- hydroxy benzotriazol sulfonic acid UV absorbers). The structure of the synthesized dyes was fully elucidated using FTIR and 1H-NMR. All synthesized dyes were applied on nylon fabrics. Fabrics dyed with anti-UV dyes were tested for color strength (K/S), rate of fading (ΔE) values and fastness properties.}, keywords = {Synthesis,Characterization,Azo dyes,dyeing,Color strength (K/S),UV absorbers and Nylon fabric}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_1169.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_1169_2bb72f39f54f5d74e1a47f0a317ffed7.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Preparation and Characterization of Keratin-Polyvinyl Alcohol Composite Film}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {55}, number = {5}, pages = {491-507}, year = {2012}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2012.1170}, abstract = {  AN ECONOMICALLY feasible method for preparation of ……..keratin/ polyvinyl alcohol composite was proposed. Keratinous materials; namely wool waste, feathers, camel hair, and human hair were dissolved in selected reagents. Dissolution of the said keratinous materials was carried out using alkali metal hydroxide or alkaline earth metal hydroxide in presence of swelling agent and reducing agent. A keratin-polyvinyl alcohol composite film was prepared by casting both materials in aqueous solution. Polyvinyl alcohol acts as a carrier for the keratinous material. The range of viscosity of the obtained keratin-polyvinyl alcohol composite, which is suitable to be spread into films, was assessed. The effect of crosslinking of keratin-polyvinyl alcohol film on its mechanical properties as well as hygroscopic properties was monitored. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometric analysis elucidated that the molecular mass of the obtained soluble keratin is not less than 2 Dalton. The elemental analysis of the said composite divulges that only limited change in the carbon, hydrogen, sulphur and nitrogen contents was recorded, compared with the native keratinous substrates.}, keywords = {Keratin,feather,film,Plasticizer,Polyvinyl alcohol and Wool}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_1170.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_1170_c91896e5fd6976616ffb9d6dd6f669fc.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Sulfated Zirconia Catalysts for Low Temperature Isomerization of n-Pentane}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {55}, number = {5}, pages = {509-527}, year = {2012}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2012.1171}, abstract = {  UNCONVENTIONAL sulphated zirconia (SZ) catalysts were .….. prepared and examined for n-pentane isomerisation in this investigation. The sulfation was performed using H2SO4 acid. The calcination step seems to attain the highest influence using our sol-gel preparations, where the crystallinity transforms to the denser form. However, the surface properties do not exhibit such effectiveness. Calcination at 500°C gives the best activities and stabilities, whereas at 650°C, calcination is deteriorative. IR spectra, TPR, TGA, DSC, XRD and surface properties of the current catalysts were investigated.}, keywords = {Zirconium sulphate,Hydroisomerization,n-Pentane,Super acids,Sulfation and Sol-gel}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_1171.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_1171_41aab82bfda60e55ffdbf346971fd09d.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Synthesis, Structural Characterization of Some Pyrazolo [3,4-d] pyrimidine Derivatives as Anti-inflammatory Agents}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {55}, number = {5}, pages = {529-457}, year = {2012}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2012.1172}, abstract = {  ASERIES of pyrimidine and fused triazolopyrimidine derivatives were newly synthesized using aminopyrazole carbonitrile 1 as a had starting material and compounds 14 and 16 are intermediates. Initially, the acute toxicity of the compounds was assayed via the determination of their LD50, and all compounds were interestingly less toxic and had lower ulcerogenic activities than Diclophenac® as a reference drug. Regarding the protection against Carrageenan induced edema; the pharmacological screening showed that compounds 17, 11, 13 and 5 have good anti-inflammatory activities comparable to the reference drug. On the other hand, in searching for COX-2 inhibitor, the inhibition of plasma prostaglandine (PGE2) for the compounds was determined and the same four compounds were found the more potent agents. The detailed synthesis, spectroscopic data, pharmacological screening and acute toxicity LD50 for the synthesized compounds were reported.}, keywords = {pyrazole,Pyrimidine and Anti-inflammatory}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_1172.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_1172_9684401fbd7ae35337d8eedfc84e9a06.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {New Approaches for the Synthesis of Thiophene Derivatives with Antitumor Activities}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {55}, number = {5}, pages = {549-560}, year = {2012}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2012.1173}, abstract = {  TETRAHYDROBENZO[B]THIOPHENE derivatives 3a,b and 5a,b were synthesized followed by the alkylation of some derivatives. The antitumor evaluation of the newly synthesized products against three cancer cell lines, namely breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), non-small cell lung cancer (NCI-H460) and CNS cancer (SF-268) was recorded. Some of the synthesized compounds show high inhibitory effects.}, keywords = {THIOPHENE,Pyridine,Pyrazole and Antitumor}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_1173.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_1173_354129af93a4951828270c31a0c31630.pdf} }