@article { author = {Abdurazakov, Asqar and Saidov, Sarvar and Okmanov, Rasul and Kubayev, Shoxrux and Elmuradov, Burkhon}, title = {Alternative and efficient method for the preparation of 2-acetamidobenzimidazoles}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {5}, pages = {2247-2252}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2021.53188.3102}, abstract = {An alternative method for the synthesis of acetamidobenzimidazoles (3-6) has been developed, including the reacylation of methylbenzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate (carbendazim, MBC, 1) under the action of aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids. It was shown that with an increase in the size of the alkyl group and the reaction temperature (in the case of butyric acid), due to the decomposition of the resulting product, the yield of the target acyl products sharply decreases. The obtained compounds are homologues of the anthelmintic drug - N-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl) acetamide (2-acetylaminobenzimidazole, 3). A possible mechanism of reacylation is presented.}, keywords = {methylbenzimidazol-2-yl carbamate,2-Aminobenzimidazole,carboxylic acids,2-acetylaminobenzimidazole,reacylation,crystal structure,X-Ray Diffraction}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_148215.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_148215_0a3cf60451f6ca9541800b49f749e89c.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Said, Ehab Th. and Soliman, Amira Sh. and Abbas, Mohamed S. and Aly, Soher E.}, title = {Treatment of Anaemia and Malnutrition by Shamy Bread Fortified with Spirulina, Quinoa and Chickpea flour}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {5}, pages = {2253-2268}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2021.55922.3195}, abstract = {The present investigation was conducted to promote the nutritional value of Shamy bread by supplementation of wheat flour (WF) with 20% of quinoa flour (QF) or 20% chickpea flour (CF), 0.7% spirulina powder (SP) and other mixture samples (15% CF + 5% QF + 0.70% SP). According to the obtained results, SP recorded the highest value of protein, fat, ash, magnesium, zinc, and iron, which reflected on the produced Shamy bread as final product. Also, QF recorded a higher value of protein, ash, crude fiber, zinc, and iron compared to WF. The results indicated that according to statistical analysis there are evident discrepancies for all treatments concerning protein, ash, and total carbohydrates compared to the control bread sample (100% WF). The replacement of WF by 20% QF led to a decrease in the dough stability while replacement of WF by 20% CF led to highly increase the stability of dough and recorded the highest values of alkaline water retention capacity during all storage periods consequently the same sample recorded the highest value of overall acceptability. Thus, the mixture sample recorded the highest value of protein content with the lowest value total carbohydrate for the produced beard. Keywords: wheat flour, quinoa flour, spirulina, chickpea flour, anemia, malnutrition.}, keywords = {Wheat Flour,quinoa Flour,Spirulina,chickpea flour,Anemia,Malnutrition}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_147228.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_147228_80336d393ae01ec387fbfe5e0ff6fbd5.pdf} } @article { author = {Bagato, Noha and Mohareb, Rafat Milad and Moustafa, Y and Nessim, R and Nessim, M and deyab, M}, title = {Benzalkoniumchloride Ionic Liquids as Novel Corrosion Inhibitors for Carbon Steel in Formation Water}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {5}, pages = {2269-2272}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2021.56544.3217}, abstract = {New benzalkoniumchloride derivatives ionic liquids (ILs) were synthesized in ≥ 97% yield and their inhibiting properties for the corrosion of carbon steel in formation water had been evaluated using chemical methods. The structures of the ILs compounds were investigated by elemental analysis, FT-IR spectrophotometer and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The designed molecular structure of ILs, with N atoms, makes it good corrosion inhibitor via the adsorption of ILs on the carbon steel surface to suppress both anodic and cathodic processes. The inhibition efficiency increases with increased ILs concentration.}, keywords = {carbon steel,ionic liquids,Formation water,Corrosion inhibitor}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_147229.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_147229_cea6c5afbb92f694cd77bb0df89d9e06.pdf} } @article { author = {Mosa, sahar and elsoofy, Dalia and Abdou, Mamdouh and Ramadan, Abdelraouf}, title = {The Role of Organic Fertilization in Raising Potato Productive Efficiency and Water Productivity under the Conditions of Organically Poor Sandy Soil}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {5}, pages = {2273-2284}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2021.61496.3323}, abstract = {Water application efficiency, soil organic matter content, water stress inside root zone, EC soil, yield, quality and water productivity of potato were investigated under arid and poor sandy soils in Egypt during two growing seasons 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 at the Research Farm of National Research Center (NRC). Water application efficiency and the average of soil organic matter content were increased by increasing the amount of organic fertilizers applied. The values of the yield of potato and protein content and carbohydrates content were increased by increasing the amount of organic N-fertilizers applied up to 50% and it decreased with the continued increase in organic N-fertilizers addition. The values of the yield of potato were increased by increasing the amount of organic N-fertilizers applied up to 50% and it decreased with the continued increase in organic N-fertilizers addition. There are a set of positive effects resulted from the increase in the addition of N-organic fertilizers against one negative effect. The increase in the addition of organic N-fertilization led to an increase in the organic matter and thus increased the water application efficiency, thus a decrease in water stress and a decrease in the accumulation and concentration of salts in the area of root proliferation until reaching the best proportion of organic N-fertilization when adding 50% with 50% of mineral nitrogen fertilization, while the productivity decreased when continuing with the percentage of addition of organic N-fertilization until reaching the lowest values of productivity when organic N-fertilization is 100% where, the total percentage of nitrogen available (NO3) in the area of root proliferation decreased after the percentage of organic fertilization exceeded 50% and the negative effect of nitrogen fertilization stress on the decrease in potato productivity. Finally, the results of the study concluded that, the necessity of relying on organic nitrogen fertilization in addition to mineral nitrogen fertilization at 50% organic to 50% mineral without any significant impact on the productivity and quality characteristics of potato under arid and sandy soils conditions in Egypt.}, keywords = {Organic N-fertilization,water application efficiency,yield,water productivity,Water stress,potato}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_150331.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_150331_116179d31fb245ff6a93cdcf24dd13d8.pdf} } @article { author = {Ramadan, Abdelraouf and Mosa, sahar and Abdou, Mamdouh and Allam, Ahlam S.}, title = {The Efficiency of Organic Mulching for Improving the Water Productivity under Dry Regions}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {5}, pages = {2285-2296}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2021.61497.3324}, abstract = {There are many benefits for using rice straw as organic mulching as sustainable materials for saving irrigation water under sandy and drought conditions. This study investigated the effect of rice straw organic mulching on the water stress, soil salt accumulation, Microorganism activity, yield and water productivity of potato, sweet paper and cucumber crops under sandy soils conditions during 2019 and 2020 seasons in the research farm station of National Research Centre at Al-Nubariya Region, Al-Buhayrah Governorate, Egypt. There was a positive effect on the yield and water productivity by using the organic mulching by rice straw as sustainable mulch instead of plastic mulch. The rate of increase in yield of potato, sweet paper and cucumber were summarized where the highest rates of increase in productivity for all crops that were planted were achieved with the organic coverage of rice straw, with the largest amount of straw for the seasons 2019 and 2020 compared to no mulch and also compared to black plastic mulch where, the rate of increase in yield of potato were 23.4% , 30.21% and for sweet paper were 32.85% , 36.21% and for cucumber were 23.94% , 27.78% in seasons 2019 and 2020 respectively.}, keywords = {Organic Mulching,Water stress,Soil salt accumulation,water productivity,Microorganism activity}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_150332.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_150332_94a70e28cb4eb8f8cf60f45b033a947a.pdf} } @article { author = {Ali, Kawkab and Shihab, Nezar and saeed, Bahjat}, title = {Synthesis, Identification and Study of the Anti-microbial Activity of Novel Chalcone and Epoxy Chalcone Compounds}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {5}, pages = {2297-2304}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2021.57012.3233}, abstract = {Abstract In this study, new chalcone and epoxy chalcone synthesized by condensation of 4-acetylbiphenyl with the appropriate aldehydes. The epoxy chalcone prepared via the reaction chalcone with alkaline hydrogen peroxide in methanol. We characterized their mass spectra and 1H, 13C-NMR, and 2D-HSQC spectra to confirm their structure and absolute configuration. The target compounds were then screened for their potential antibacterial and antifungal activities. Most of the tested chalcone compounds had better activity against the fungal strains Fusarium and Aspergillus niger.}, keywords = {Chalcone,Epoxy Chalcone,Green chemistry,Anti-microbial activity}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_148101.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_148101_95b157b7f6185c85f5618ddd50a3f508.pdf} } @article { author = {Eldeeb, Asmaa and Taha, Eman and Abd ElKader, Marwa}, title = {Investigation of an Insulating Waste Conscious Material For Sustainable Building Application}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {5}, pages = {2305-2314}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2021.57631.3243}, abstract = {One of the risks that threaten future generations is depletion of resources. Therefore, the exploitation of waste is one of the most successful ways to preserve resources and produce multi-use building materials. Calcium carbonate (CaCO3)/ Natural Rubber / Styrene-butadiene Rubber blend (NR/SBR) and (CaCO3)/foamed NR/SBR rubber blend were prepared by mastication -vulcanization technique. Specific gravity for all samples were determined while ranged between (0.42-1.4) for (CaCO3)/foamed rubber blend and between (1.003 – 2.9) for unfoamed rubber blend. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) for samples 150 phr of foamed and unfoamed rubber was done to compare the types of matrices. Thermal conductivity of the two groups were measured. The samples with concentrations till 150 phr CaCO3 foamed rubber lies in the range of thermal insulating materials while the samples of unfoamed rubber have higher thermal conductivity values. Water absorption test was conducted. The water absorption coefficient values of the foamed rubber are lower than that of unfoamed rubber. Mechanical measurements and swelling properties were investigated for all samples. The sample with 150 phr foamed rubber blend considered the optimum sample that achieve all desired thermal and moisture insulating properties.}, keywords = {Foaming agent,rubber blend,thermal insulating,water proofing,thermal comfort}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_147231.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_147231_d6951b1476f9d67dd5a9c07c3d930536.pdf} } @article { author = {Akl, Magda and Ibraheim, Mohammed A}, title = {Synthesis and Characterization of Polymer Supported Organoclay Nanoparticles}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {5}, pages = {2315-2324}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2021.57889.3244}, abstract = {Octadecylamine modified montomorillonite/poly(styrene-co-acrylamide) (Oct-MMT/PSTAM) nanogels with unique morphologies of core/shell and core/shell/shell structures were fabricated. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of The as-prepared composites revealed the formation of double and triple coated structures with average size of 152 nm and 52 nm, respectively. New nanocomposites (MHs(1-3)) were fabricated by impregnating Oct-MMT/PSTAM latex with core/shell/shell structure onto crosslinked poly(sodium acrylate-co-acrylamide) (PSAAM) of various molar ratio. PSAAM was selected as a support material because it has a higher swelling ratio and will achieve an expected compatibility with MMT/PSTAM nanogel. These MHs nanocomposites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).}, keywords = {montomorillonite,Octadecylamine,XRD,FTIR,TEM,DSC}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_149106.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_149106_143b0a76c5214d28a1d5bf39e775db9f.pdf} } @article { author = {Refaie, Amel A. and Ramadan, Amal and Sabry, Nevien M. and Khalil, Wagdy and Mossa, Abdel-Tawab H.}, title = {Synthetic Insecticide Fipronil Induced Over Gene Expression, DNA and Liver Damage in Female Rats: The Protective Role of Fish Oil}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {5}, pages = {2325-2336}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2021.58506.3264}, abstract = {Synthetic insecticide fipronil (FPN) is widely spread worldwide for controlling insects in agriculture and public health sectors. Thus, this work aimed to study the molecular mechanisms of FPN induced hepatotoxicity and the protective role of fish oil in female rats. Female rats were allocated in four groups of rats exposed to FPN and/or fish oil and control. Oxidative stress markers i.e., lipid peroxidation (LPO), antioxidant enzymes, and liver function enzymes, butyryl cholinesterase (BuChE), histopathological lesions, DNA damage, expression alteration of apoptosis and inflammatory related genes in liver tissues were assessed. FPN treatment induced significant changes in the levels of LPO, liver function, BuChE, histopathological lesions, over-expression of tested genes and elevation in DNA damage. In contrary, treatment of FPN-exposed rats with fish oil improved significantly the negative effects of FPN on liver tissues. The molecular mechanisms of FPN might be due to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and change the oxidant/antioxidant statues. The hepatoprotective effect of fish oil might be attributed to increase the antioxidant capacity prevented the ROS generation induced by FPN in female rats.}, keywords = {Fipronil,fish oil,Antioxidant activity,DNA damage,Gene expression,liver histopathology}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_147812.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_147812_87b63637ecb4b90d5212a93ca5a99950.pdf} } @article { author = {Elleboudy, Ahmed Atta Fatouh and Elagoz, Mona Abdelhamed and Simonian, George Nubar and Hasanin, Mohamed}, title = {Biological Factors Affecting the Durability, Usability and Chemical Composition of Paper Banknotes in Global Circulation}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {5}, pages = {2337-2342}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2021.59238.3275}, abstract = {Banknotes are widely exchanged for goods and services overall the world, which could play a role in transferring infectious diseases through contact. This study has performed the survey of the microbial contamination in Egyptian paper banknotes and their role on banknotes biodegradation, soiling, dirtiness and deterioration. Twenty four paper currency notes of all available denominations (three samples of each denomination as an example for a different period of use) were collected from different areas in Egypt. All samples were found high contaminated with bacteria except the new 50 piasters note, which was zero bacterial contamination. This study results showed that the paper banknotes can be post coated by varnish (conventional – antibacterial) or converted to using polymer may be effective or long-lasting antibacterial paper as well as in order to reduce the microbial population and exceed the negative effect of the microorganism contaminations. Moreover, many samples were found with high contamination with E. Coli which transferred mainly from human feces. Moreover, the high contamination samples were remarked high cellulase enzyme content which affect paper banknotes (cellulose).}, keywords = {Keywords: Banknote,cellulose,Antimicrobial,Microbial population}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_145837.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_145837_347e9d08055cd30990185b998e6a1335.pdf} } @article { author = {A. Ibrahim, Nabaweya and A. Matloub:, Azza and El-Sayed, Abo El-Khair B. and Aly, Hanan and S. AbdAsmaa S. Abd Elsamiae, Asmaa}, title = {Phytochemical and Biological Studies of Carotenoids in Some Microalgae (Dunaliella salina, Scenedesmus obliquus and Spirulina platensis)}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {5}, pages = {2343-2353}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2021.60663.3306}, abstract = {In the current work, carotenoids of the three microalgae [Spirulina platensis (S. platensis), Scenedesmus obliquus (S. obliquus) and Dunaliella salina (D. salina )] were extracted, quantified and exposed to phytochemical and biological (cytotoxic, antiviral, antioxidant, and anticholinesterase) activities . Also, some stress conditions were applied to S. platensis and S. obliquus to raise their carotenoid content. D. salina was found to contain the highest percent of carotenoids (0.67%) followed by S. obliquus (0.64 %), then S. platensis (0.5%). Six carotenoids were detected and identified in S. platensis and S. obliquus while four carotenoids were detected in D. salina. Lutein, β -carotene and diatoxanthin were predominant in S. platensis while β -carotene, diatoxanthin and echinenone were predominant in D. salina. Furthermore, echinenone, diatoxanthin and anthraxanthin were predominant in S. obliquus. D. salina carotenoid fraction showed potent cytotoxic activity on hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), breast cancer (MCF-7) and colorectal cancer (HCT116) cell lines with an IC50 24.7, 66.4 and 46.7 µg/ml, respectively. Also, S. platensis carotenoid fraction showed a significant cytotoxic activity on HepG2, MCF7 and HCT116 cell lines with an IC50 31.1, 69.9 and 62 µg/ml, respectively. D. salina and S. platensis exhibited significant antioxidant activity using1, 1- diphenyl-2picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) in a concentration dependent manner. Also, D. salina and S. obliquus inhibited the activity of acetylcholinesterase to 60.00 and 30.00% at 10 µg/ml dose, respectively. So, D. salina and S. platensis carotenoid fractions are recommended to be included in anticancer drug researches while D. salina and S. obliquus carotenoid fractions should have a consideration in the treatment of neuro- degeneration disease.}, keywords = {Spirulina platensis,Scenedesmus obliquus,Dunaliella salina,Carotenoids,Cytotoxic activity,antioxidant,Anticholinesterase}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_156905.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_156905_c93bb53cb84a5b933974853b953e5916.pdf} } @article { author = {Ta, Huu Son and Le Van, Khu and Luong Thi, Thu Thuy and Nguyen, Dinh Hung}, title = {Thermodynamics studies on the adsorption of phenol from aqueous solution by coffee husk activated carbon}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {5}, pages = {2355-2367}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2021.30318.2648}, abstract = {Activated carbons (ACs) obtained from coffee husk by KOH activation at 650 (ACK-650) and 750oC (ACK-750), were used as an adsorbent for the adsorption of phenol from aqueous solution. The ACs was characterized by SEM, EDX, BET, and Boehm titration techniques. The experimental equilibrium data of phenol adsorption was analyzed by eight isotherm models, which are four two-parameter equations (Langmuir, Freundlich, Elovich, and Temkin) and four three-parameter equations (Redlich-Peterson, Sips, Radke-Prausnitz, and Tóth). The results reveal that in general, three-parameter isotherms can provide better prediction than two-parameter isotherms. The best fit for ACK-650 sample is Sips isotherm, while for ACK-750 sample is Redlich–Peterson isotherm. Isosteric heat and thermodynamic parameters ΔGo, ΔHo, and ΔSo of the adsorption were determined, and the results showed that the adsorption of phenol was exothermic and physical in nature. A scale-up of a batch system is designed for 2 to 10 L phenol with an initial concentration of 100 mg L-1.}, keywords = {Activated carbon,isotherms,isosteric heat,phenol adsorption,Thermodynamics}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_151154.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_151154_dc4fb1788891adbcbc0d62f50a160688.pdf} } @article { author = {Mahdi, Suhair and Farhan, Ahlam}, title = {Study of Viscous Behavior for Amino Acid L- Glutamine Aqueous N,N Dimethyl Formamide Solution at Different Temperatures}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {5}, pages = {2369-2375}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2021.41180.2834}, abstract = {The densities () and kinematic viscosities (ν) which was converted to the absolute viscosity () from the product of the kinematic viscosity and the density of L-Glutamine have been measured at different temperatures 298.15, 303.15 and 313.15K in aqueous 20% (w/w) dimethyl formamide (DMF) under atmospheric pressure. The value of apparent molar volume (v), limiting apparent molar volume (v ͦ ) and viscosity data have been analyzed by using Jones-Dole equation, the Jones-Dole coefficients (A and B) were calculated and excess Gibbs free energy of activation of viscous flow (〖〗^) has been obtained to throw light on the mechanism of viscous flow. The results were interpreted strong ion-solvent interactions in these systems and also structure-maker in 20% DMF + 80% water mixed solvents.}, keywords = {Volumetric,Viscometric,amino acid,L-glutamine,dimethyl formamide}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_146801.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_146801_268934d3cb1dba1e7028fe2680a76de7.pdf} } @article { author = {Hasanin, Tamer and Abd El Malak, M and Refaey, S}, title = {Corrosion Inhibitation of Cu-Zn Alloys in NaCl Solution Using Isatin}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {5}, pages = {2377-2384}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2021.43225.2873}, abstract = {TThe effect of isatin on the corrosion of Cu-20%Zn-2%Al (alloy I) and Cu-31% Zn (alloy II) in NaCl solution has been studied using different electrochemical techniques [open circuit, potentiodynamic, and impedance spectroscopy (EIS)]. The two copper alloys were used in condenser tubes of heat exchanger for power station plant in Egyptian financial and industrial company Assiut factories. The steady state potential Es.s values increase to more negative values by increasing NaCl concentration which indicated that the destruction of pre-immersion passive film formed on the Cu-Zn surfaces. The corrosion rate of the two alloys decreased by increasing concentration of isatin, which indicated the effect of isatin as a corrosion inhibitor. The inhibition efficiency of isatin in 0.1M NaCl solution was 88.5 % in alloy I and 73.9 % in alloy II at a concentration 0.01M of isatin. The significant inhibition processes due to the adsorption characteristics of isatin on the two alloys surface. The chemical composition of alloy I was more resist to corrosion in NaCl solution than the chemical composition alloy II due to presence of Al.}, keywords = {Cu-Zn alloys,Corrosion,Isatin,inhibition,NaCl}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_145755.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_145755_79a313916f85c817d6942952ef87991e.pdf} } @article { author = {Fauziah, St and Gafur, Andi and Soekamto, Nunuk and Taba, Paulina and Sapar, Ajuk}, title = {Synthesis and Characterization of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers of Di-(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate Using The Precipitation Polymerization Method}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {5}, pages = {2385-2392}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2021.44820.2912}, abstract = {Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIP) is a synthetic functional material that can recognize target molecules selectively. This study aims to synthesize and characterize MIP and its performance by precipitation polymerization method using methacrylic acid (MAA), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), and di-(2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). Characterization of MIP was conducted by FTIR, SEM-EDS, SAA, and UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The effect of concentration and time on MIP adsorption ability against DEHP was also determined. SEM shows that MIP_DEHP_MAA-co-EGDMA surface morphology is arranged from more uniform, less tight, and more fine granules than NIP_MAA-co-EGDMA. FTIR characterization of MIP and NIP (Non-Imprinted Polymers) shows absorption bands of functional groups were –OH, C-H, C=O, and –C=C. SAA characterization shows MIP surface area is 137.660 m2/g, total pore volume 0.1555 cc/g, and an average pore radius 22.59 Å that indicates as mesopore material. MIP_DEHP_MAA-co-EGDMA (AE) adsorbed DEHP better than NIP_MAA-co-EGDMA. The difference value of the adsorbed DEHP (qe) was 0.212 mg/g}, keywords = {Synthesis,diethylhexyl phthalate,molecular imprinting polymer,precipitation}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_149899.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_149899_8c88e3aabef0350aea4c1786ceec2dcf.pdf} } @article { author = {Affat, Sajda}, title = {Synthesis, Characterization and Theoretical Study of Azoimine and Using for Analysis of Palladium (II) Ion by Turbidimetric Method in Environmental Samples}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {5}, pages = {2393-2403}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2021.51436.3058}, abstract = {Simple and rapid efficiency using the turbidity method acting for the pre-concentration and estimating of Pd (II) in environmental samples by using turbidity meter device detection. In the proposed approach, 2-(((2-(((E)-2-hydroxy-4-((E)-o-tolyldiazenyl)benzylidene)amino)benzyl)imino)methyl-5-(o-tolyldiazenyl) phenol] (A3) was synthesized and characterized by UV-visible, FT-IR, 1H-NMR and Mass spectra. Additionally, the structure of chemical compound (A3) was studied the Frontier Molecular Orbitals (FMOs) of (A3) were computed at the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level of theory, and the synthesized compound used as a complexing agent with as a surfactant (SDS). Parameters, which provided optimum reaction conditions, were studied such as the effect of order addition, the effect of reagent concentrations, the effect of surfactant concentration (SDS), the effect of pH solution, the effects of equilibrium measure temperature, and time. A linear calibration curve where the linearity range was found to lie between 0-60μg.L-1 with a correlation coefficient of 0.999, the limit of quantification (LOQ) 0.40μgL-1, and the detection limit (LOD) 0.12μg.L-1. Precision and accuracy of the method were found to be RSD 2.80% and the method was applied successfully to determine palladium ion concentration in various environmental samples, was found the recovery in the range 99.0-102.44%.}, keywords = {Pd (II) ion,Analytical reagent,Turbidity,complex,Environmental samples}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_147481.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_147481_1c952d72746e850c757123c92c8fbbc2.pdf} } @article { author = {Aziz, ammar and raoof, samaa and Hasan, waseem and Saied, Shakir}, title = {Preparation of New Complexes from a Mixture of Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid), Paracetamol and Methyldopa with Divalent Manganese , Iron, Cobalt, Nickel and Copper, With a Study of Their Physical and Chemical Properties.}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {5}, pages = {2405-2413}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2021.54383.3130}, abstract = {Abstract: New complexes with a mixture of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid ) with methyldopa or paracetamol with methyldopa were synthesized via the reflux of reaction mixture using a basic medium to deprotonate the ligands. These new complexes of Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) with a mixture of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid ), paracetamol and methyldopa have characterized using FTIR , UV-visible spectra, magnetic susceptibility, flame atomic absorption, C.H.N.S analysis and melting points measurements. The two mixed ligands have been found to act as bidentate chelating agents. Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) complexes coordinate to the metal ions through the oxygen of Aspirin's ester group and oxygen of the carboxyl group, while Methyldopa as ligand is coordinated through the oxygen of the hydroxyl group and the nitrogen of the amide groups. The Paracetamol was coordinated through the oxygen atom of carboxyl group and the nitrogen atom of the amide group. The stability of these new complexes depends on the size of the chelate rings, thus these ligands with a flexible organic backbone and their complexes contain five and six membered chelate rings, which have almost no strain. The molar conductance measurements for the metal complexes show non-electrolytic behavior in DMF solvent. The all synthesized complexes which show non-electrolytic properties, also were no conducting electrical current behaved as bi-dentate with octahedral geometrical isomers.}, keywords = {Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid ),Paracetamol,Methyldopa,IR,UV,Spectrum of flame}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_147227.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_147227_6d4941601644af5357265a6e5efc40fd.pdf} } @article { author = {Ali, Karwan and Mohamad, Hikmat and Hosten, Eric and Gerber, Thomas}, title = {Synthesis, Characterization, and X-ray Crystal Structure Analysis of Zinc(II) Complex Based on 2-benzimidazolethiole}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {5}, pages = {2415-2419}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2021.55124.3155}, abstract = {A novel mononuclear complex of the type [Zn(S-2-BIT)3(O-SO3)(CH3OH)2] (where 2-BIT = 2-benzimidazolethiole) has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and single crystal-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal structure of the complex show that crystallizes in the triclinic P(1 ) ̅space group, with a=9.2946(13) Å, b= 10.1997(13) Å, c= 17.345(3) Å, β=105.494(7)օ, V= 1516.3(4) Å3, R1= 0.0316, wR2= 0.0843. In this complex, the distorted tetrahedral arrangement around the Zinc(II) atom is formed by three sulfur atoms from the 2-MBI ligand and one oxygen atom from the sulfate ion. The crystal lattice structure of the complex also contains two uncoordinated methanol molecules that formed N-H...O and O-H...O intermolecular hydrogen bonds.}, keywords = {Zn(II) complex,S-donor ligand,X-ray crystallography,Distorted tetrahedral coordination}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_146190.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_146190_54c09614dc010a1c6beb53e4ad3c4551.pdf} } @article { author = {Nady, H. and El-Rabiei, M. M. and Fathy, M. and Migahed, Mohamed Attia}, title = {Electrochemical Evaluation of Inhibition Efficiency of Some Nonionic Surfactants Based on tolyltriazole Derivatives on The Corrosion of Cu- Zn alloy in seawater}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {5}, pages = {2421-2434}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2021.55439.3170}, abstract = {Two nonionic surfactants based on tolyltriazole derivatives namely: 5-methyl-1 Decaethoxide-benzotriazole, TTA (12) and 5-methyl-1 Tetracosaethoxide-benzotriazole, TTA (24) were synthesized and evaluated as corrosion inhibitors for 65Cu-35Zn alloy dissolution in aerated seawater. The corrosion inhibition capability of these nonionic surfactants has been investigated in seawater solution using potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, EIS, and scanning electron microscopic SEM/EDX measurements. According to both potentiodynamic polarization and EIS measurements, it has been found that the investigated tolyltriazoles compounds, TTAs, work as efficient inhibitors for 65Cu-35Zn corrosion and the protection aptitude raised by increasing the concentration of inhibitors. EIS measurements indicated that the charge-transfer resistances increase upon increasing the TTAs concentration. It was found that the percentage inhibition efficiency (η%) increases by increasing the inhibitor concentration. Also, the results showed enhancement in inhibition efficiencies with decreasing the molecular size of the surfactant or the degree of ethoxylation at low concentration. At high concentration, the inhibition efficiency of the different inhibitors independent on the degree of ethoxylation. Potentiodynamic polarization curves indicated that the inhibitors under investigation act as mixed type. Finally, the surface characterization of the protective film formed on 65Cu-35Zn surface was examined by using SEM and energy dispersive X-ray, EDX, techniques. Adsorption of TTA, TTA(12), TTA(24) on the surface of Cu-35Zn in seawater, follows the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The adsorption free energy of inhibitors on 65Cu-35Zn alloy reveals a strong physical adsorption of the inhibitor on the metal surface.}, keywords = {Tolyltriazole,Corrosion,inhibition,brass,nonionic surfactants,EIS}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_145757.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_145757_f663de4045ccc3385a423a2be9246f9e.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdellah, walid and Abdelkareem, Ahmed and shaltot, Amr and El-Husaini, Omneya}, title = {Cerium Sulfate Preparation from Egyptian Monazite's Rare Earth Cake for Its Application as Corrosion Inhibitor of Aluminum Alloy AA6061}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {5}, pages = {2435-2443}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2021.56253.3209}, abstract = {Pure cerium sulfate was prepared from economic natural resources using Egyptian monazite rare earth cake. About 90% of the former was extracted by tri-butyl phosphate in kerosene at the optimum conditions: 15% solvent concentration, equilibrium pH of 1.7, equilibrium time 7 min and O/A ratio of 1/1. The aim of the present work was studying the corrosion inhibition properties of cerium sulfate towards aluminum alloy AA6061 in two solutions; 1.0 M disodium hydrogen orthophosphate and 3.5 % sodium chloride (simulation of sea water). The corrosion inhibition was evaluated using electrochemical techniques under different experimental conditions. The results showed that, in the presence of cerium sulfate, the AA6061 surface is well protected due to formation of passive film composed of Ce2O3/Ce(OH)3 which precipitated on the electrode surface.}, keywords = {Aluminum alloy AA6061,Corrosion inhibitor,tri-butyl phosphate,sulfuric acid,cerium sulfate}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_148664.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_148664_22f66fd4b6c5dbfbe2837d44731f682f.pdf} } @article { author = {Koekemoer, Trevor and Swanepoel, Bresler and Rashed, Khaled and van de Venter, Maryna}, title = {Diospyros lotus L. fruit: A potential antidiabetic functional food targeting intestinal starch hydrolysis}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {5}, pages = {2445-2451}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2021.56845.3225}, abstract = {Post-meal hyperglycaemia is considered a prominent therapeutic target to attenuate the progression of diabetes and its associated complications. The present study identified fruit extract of Diospyros lotus Linnaeus, of the Ebenaceae family, as an inhibitor of starch digestion through the inhibition of both alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase. The extract inhibits porcine and human pancreatic amylase with IC50 values of 82.5±2.0 and 130.4±24 μg/ml respectively. The inhibition of intestinal sucrase and maltase activity was however considerably weaker. In vitro hydrolysis of solubilised potato starch into glucose yielded comparable inhibition kinetics for 100 μg/ml D. lotus L. extract and 3.5 μM acarbose. Screening the major phenolic constituents revealed that quercetin and myricetin were the strongest alpha amylase inhibitors. D. lotus L. extract showed strong antioxidant activity; however, this provided no meaningful protection against 2-deoxy-ribose induced oxidative stress in INS-1 cells. Taken together these findings identify D. lotus L. fruit as a multi-component functional food with potential to dampen the onset and development of diabetes through the inhibition of post meal hyperglycaemia.}, keywords = {Diospyros lotus,diabetes,starch digestion,alpha-amylase,alpha-glucosidase,functional food}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_151297.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_151297_5b0213a76481405834094ae02c4f0538.pdf} } @article { author = {Fahmy, Tarek and Abdelmuttlib, E. O. and Abdelhamid, M. I. and Elsharkawy, W. B. and Elqahtani, Z. M. and Ahmed, M. T.}, title = {TSDC of Irradiated and Non-Irradiated Cellulose Acetate}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {5}, pages = {2453-2468}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2021.57068.3228}, abstract = {Films of cellulose acetate (CA) have been prepared by casting method using tetrahydrofuran (THF). CA films are γ-irradiated with varying radiation doses of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 kGy using cobalt-60 (60Co) source. Global thermally stimulated depolarization current (TSDC) of non-irradiated and irradiated CA samples has been investigated under the effect of various poling electric field (Ep) in a temperature range from 300 K to 440 K. It is observed that, global TSDC spectra of non-irradiated and irradiated CA samples are characterized by two relaxation peaks. One in the low temperature range ~321 K and the other in the high temperature range ~ 376-383 K are observed for non-irradiated sample. On the other hand, these temperatures are shifted towards lower temperature for irradiated samples to be located at 317 K and ~371 K. These relaxations are assigned as  and -relaxation and attributed to molecular motion of the polar acetate groups, C2H3O2 and polarization of the space charges, respectively. TS-technique has been carried out to decompose global TSDC spectra of all samples into its elementary peaks and the molecular parameters such as, activation energy and pre-exponential factor are calculated for each TS peak. Relaxation map (RM) of all samples has been analyzed using Eyring transformation and thermodynamic parameters such as, enthalpy activation (H), entropy activation (S) and Gibbs free energy (G) are estimated. The compensation phenomenon was verified by the linear relationship between both enthalpy and entropy.}, keywords = {Cellulose Acetate,Irradiation,TSDC,Relaxation Map,Enthalpy,Entropy,compensation}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_147811.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_147811_917b4ddea34dae325254192bbf19998a.pdf} } @article { author = {Karim, Diana Khaled and Salman, Ghazwan and Al-Mansury, Sadiq and Jinzeel, Nahida Abdulla}, title = {Synthesis of Arylated 1,3,5-triphenyl Pyrazoline Derivatives by Suzuki-Miyaura Reactions With Antimicrobial Evaluation}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {5}, pages = {2469-2481}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2021.57726.3238}, abstract = {The first palladium –catalyzed coupling reactions of 1,3,5-triphenyl pyrazoline are reported. The Suzuki-Miyaura reaction of 3-(4-bromophenyl)-1,5-diphenyl pyrazoline with one equivalent of arylboronic acids afforded 3-(biphenyl)-1,5-diphenyl pyrazoline in 65-78 % yield. While the Suzuki-Miyaura reactions of 3,5-bis(4-bromophenyl)-1-phenyl pyrazoline with two equivalent of arylboronic acids gave 3,5-bis(biphenyl)-1-phenyl pyrazoline in 55-75% yield. The characterization of the synthesized derivatives (5a-h) and (6a-h) was accomplished on the basis of NMR, FT-IR, and mass techniques. The newly pyrazoline derivatives have been investigated for their in vitro antibacterial activity against gram- negative and gram-positive bacteria. The di-coupling compounds (6a-h) exhibited promising antibacterial against all four bacterial strains compared to the mono-coupling compounds (5a-h) which displayed a slight activity. The compound 6d showed a potent activity significantly more active than Trimethoprim (100μg/ml).}, keywords = {Catalysis,Suzuki-Miyaura reaction,Pyrazoline,Synthesis}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_150004.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_150004_d90f399f6db8795b69a1b56cba8f1353.pdf} } @article { author = {Abd elhameed, Rania and Kareem, Osama and Mater, zaki and Noemy, Eman and youssef, yasser}, title = {Design of an Ionic Conductor as Permanent Electrode for Monitoring Cathodic Protection System performance.}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {5}, pages = {2483-2491}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2021.57698.3240}, abstract = {The most dominant used method for protecting the bottom of a tank is impressing a current cathodic protection (ICCP). Monitoring the CP system is critical to maintain and extend the service life of the exterior bottom of the storage tank. The bottom of the tank usually located on or near the surface of the ground and in contact with materials used to support the tank and so presents a corrosion challenge. This work presents a successful design of an ionic conductor that can be used as a monitor procedure of ICCP system for ground storage tanks bottom. The new ionic conductor system offers an accurate and efficient performance compared with old copper/ copper sulphate electrode monitoring system. The risks failure of permanent electrodes including cables disconnection and electrode dryness are increasing. Ionic conductors were used to insure proper potential monitoring. The new ionic conductor system scheme has the features of lower cost and less installation time over conventional methods.}, keywords = {ICCP,Storage Tanks,Permanent Electrode,Ionic Conductors}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_159598.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_159598_f6c982faded95d517704bed7ae645d31.pdf} } @article { author = {Shaaban, Hamdy and Edris, Amr and Ramadan, Asmaa}, title = {Boosting the Antimicrobial Activity of Highly Diluted Aqueous Alcoholic Sanitizers by Fortification with Essential Oil Components: I- Carvacrol}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {5}, pages = {2493-2498}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2021.57361.3249}, abstract = {The current study aims at developing alcoholic-based sanitizing formula against some pathogenic bacteria based on highly diluted (< 70.0%) aqueous isopropanol solution which is fortified with small amount of an essential oil component like carvacrol. This phenolic compound can act as antimicrobial booster for the compensation of alcohol reduction in the sanitizer. The solubility behavior of carvacrol in the aqueous alcoholic solution containing different ratios of isopropanol and water was investigated using the Gibbs’ phase diagram. Based on that, a selected formula containing 1.0% carvacrol dissolved in the highest possible dilution of isopropanol (45.0%) was chosen for testing its antimicrobial activity against some gram positive and negative pathogenic bacteria in comparison to the standard 70.0% alcohol formula without carvacrol. Results indicated that a 45.0% aqueous isopropanol solution can hold up to 5.0% carvacrol at maximum in a physically stable and homogenous sanitizing formula. Antimicrobial evaluation of the developed diluted aqueous isopropanol fortified with 1.0% carvacrol showed the same inhibition against the tested pathogenic bacteria as the standard 70.0% alcohol sanitizer without carvacrol. In conclusion, 45.0% diluted isopropanol fortified with a minimum of 1.0% up to 5.0% carvacrol (in case of intensive sanitization) can possibly be used as sanitizer for protection against some pathogenic bacteria. The practical significance of this study is the production of diluted alcoholic sanitizing formula for decontamination of surfaces against some pathogenic bacteria with the advantage of increasing alcohol dilution in order to spare the absolute alcohol reserve for more quantitative production of the sanitizer.}, keywords = {Alcoholic sanitizers,alcohol reduction,essential oil,Pathogenic bacteria,Carvacrol}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_147230.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_147230_6ea45e68c954d8ffc42e1e79d14efde0.pdf} } @article { author = {Darwesh, Osama and Shalapy, Maisa and Abo-Zeid, Alaa and Mahmoud, Yehia}, title = {Nano-Bioremediation of Municipal Wastewater Using Myco-Synthesized Iron Nanoparticles}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {5}, pages = {2499-2507}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2021.60921.3307}, abstract = {Metal nanostructures have potential effective impacts with many arenas like catalysis, sensors, optics, electronics, functional materials, environment and medicine. Thus, iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) were mycogenic synthesized in this study as effective antimicrobial agent and heavy metals removers. The isolation of 37 fungi were done from contaminated 10 soil (with iron ions or metals) samples and they screened. The most powerful fungal isolate was Fusarium oxysporum. Biosynthesized FeNPs size were 0.7 to 3 nm (high small size) with spherical shape based on TEM analysis. However, XRD, FT-IR analyses confirmed that characterization and led to form iron at zero valent. The obtained FeNPs were used as antibacterial agent against broad spectrum of environmental pathogens with minimum amounts (about 20 µg/ml) compared with reference antibiotics. This drive for using it to control microbial pathogens through municipal wastewater. For its high adsorption activity, it is used for removing heavy metals from their contaminated wastewater.}, keywords = {Nano-bioremediation,Municipal wastewater,Antibacterial activity,Heavy metals,FeNPs}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_150330.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_150330_043ced61a2a41a7d483954a71a41e774.pdf} } @article { author = {Ahmed, Magdy Ibrahim and Jahin, Hossam and Dessouki, Hassan and Nassar, Mostafa Yassin}, title = {Synthesis and characterization of γ-Al2O3 and α-Al2O3 nanoparticles using a facile, inexpensive auto-combustion approach}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {5}, pages = {2509-2515}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2021.61793.3330}, abstract = {In the present work, we have developed a facile, inexpensive, auto-combustion method for the synthesis of γ-Al2O3 and α-Al2O3 nanoparticles. This was performed by employing aluminum nitrate as an oxidant and glycine as a fuel. The γ-Al2O3 and α-Al2O3 nanoparticles were obtained by calcination of the combusted products at 800 °C for 2 h and at 1000 °C for 1 h, respectively. The generated alumina nanoparticles were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), and thermal analyses (TG and DTA). The average crystallite sizes of γ-Al2O3 and α-Al2O3 nanoparticles were estimated to be 5.8 nm and 15 nm, respectively. The TEM results revealed that the prepared alumina nanostructures were of low agglomeration degree. The proposed method exhibited that the phases of the produced alumina nanoparticles could be carefully tuned by the adapted experimental conditions.}, keywords = {γ-Al2O3 and α-Al2O3 nanoparticles,auto-combustion synthesis,Glycine fuel, characterization}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_148716.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_148716_0813ad4d0c5b8bbcf89c7bf618da0303.pdf} } @article { author = {Ahmed, Mona and Elshafie, Mohamed and Kandil, Usama and Taha, Mahmoud}, title = {Improving the Mechanical Properties of Thermoplastic Polyolefins Using Recycled Low-Density Polyethylene and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {5}, pages = {2517-2523}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2021.62554.3341}, abstract = {Thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) has gained considerable attention because of having a combination of rubbery and thermoplastic properties and ease of production. Their excellent weather resistance, low density, and relatively low cost make them attractive materials for the automotive, electrical, footwear industries and membranes for water treatment. Their main shortcomings are poor mechanical properties, especially at low temperatures because of the opposing trends of stiffness and toughness. In this paper, recycled low density polyethylene (RLDPE) was integrated with ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM) incorporating very low content of carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-COOH) to improve the mechanical properties of the produced TPO nanocomposite. TPO has been prepared through the combination of 40, 50, and 60 wt.% RLDPE and 40, 50, and 60 wt.% EBDM. The improved TPO composition was then reinforced with 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 wt.% MWCNTs-COOH to produce TPO nanocomposites. The compounding of TPO and its nanocomposites was done by melt mixing followed by heat pressing. Mechanical and thermal behaviors of the TPO nanocomposites were investigated. Tensile tests showed that the TOP (60-40) is the best improved concentration; the storage modulus of nanocomposites was enhanced by increasing MWCNTs-COOH concentration. In addition, modulus, stress/strain and toughness of TPO were enhanced by adding 0.5 wt.% MWCNTs-COOH. Thus, MWCNTs-COOH reinforced TPO due to not only its large aspect ratios but also due to its interaction with both the TOP matrix and the combatibilizer. The results of microstructural investigations of the prepared TPO nanocomposite using FTIR and TGA confirmed the interaction between MWCNTs-COOH and TPO matrix}, keywords = {Thermoplastic Polyolefin,Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA),Nanocomposites,carbon nanotubes}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_150334.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_150334_7e5ce0d56744f781c0a4f0bb47df25a1.pdf} } @article { author = {Salem, Salah and Abd-El Fatah, Sally and Abdel-Rahman, Gomaa and Fouzy, ِAhmed and Marrez, Diaa}, title = {Screening for pesticide residues in soil and crop samples in Egypt}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {5}, pages = {2525-2532}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2021.64117.3374}, abstract = {Pesticide application is an important issue in intensive agricultural production to achieve self-sufficiency in food production. This study aimed to the determination of pesticide residues from soil samples cultivated with different crops. Forty soil samples from four governorates, ten samples each (Kafr El-Sheikh, El-Beheira, Giza, and Menoufia) were collected for pesticides multi-residual analysis. Also, fifteen vegetable samples were collected from Giza governorate and analyzed for the presence of pesticide residues. Obtained data revealed that soil samples of Giza governorate recorded the highest level of pesticide residues contamination with 70% positive samples followed by Kafr El-Sheikh and Menoufia governorates with 60% positive samples and finally El-Beheira governorate recorded the lowest level of pesticide residues contamination with 30% positive samples. Regarding the levels of pesticide residues in vegetables and crops, about 53.3 % of tested samples (onion, sweet potato, molokhia, cabbage, beet, okra, eggplant, and lettuce) were free from pesticide residues. Meanwhile, about 46.7 % of tested samples (wheat, rocca, green dill, tomato, radish, pepper, and green parsley) showed pesticide residues with different types and concentrations. Propiconazole was the highest residue recorded in green dill with 3.8 mg/kg followed by difenoconazole with 3.22 mg/Kg present in green parsley.}, keywords = {Pesticide Residues,Contamination,Determination,vegetable crops}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_159987.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_159987_1d7bf2e0706ae45d1964f37341dcf378.pdf} } @article { author = {Jassim, Sabeeh and Abbas, Ahmed and AL-Shakban, Mundher and Ahmed, Luma}, title = {Chemical Vapour Deposition of CdS Thin Films at Low Temperatures from Cadmium Ethyl Xanthate}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {5}, pages = {2533-2538}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2021.60695.3451}, abstract = {Thin films of nanometer sized cadmium sulfide were directly prepared by aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition (AA-CVD) method, cadmium ethyl xanthate complex was used as precursor material at 225 oC, 250 oC and 275 oC. The thermal decomposition of complex was characterized by thermal analysis, (thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)). The prepared CdS thin films have been characterized by XRD and SEM- EDX analysis. TGA curves ensured that the rapid decomposition of [Cd(S2COEt)2] gives a CdS in single step between 150 oC and 200 oC. XRD patterns confirmed that the CdS particles crystalized as a hexagonal crystallographic phase at low temperatures. The grain size of particles increased with increasing the preparation temperatures from 225 oC to 275 oC,. The spherical CdS nanoparticals were observed in SEM analysis.}, keywords = {Chemical Vapour Deposition,Cadmium Sulfide, Thin Film,low temperatures}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_160589.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_160589_0483b03444d5197953dc87f250bdfa92.pdf} } @article { author = {O. Moustafa, Gaber}, title = {Synthesis of Dibenzofurans Possessing Anti-Allergy, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Antimalarial and Treatment of Skin Conditions}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {5}, pages = {2539-2556}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2021.69151.3513}, abstract = {This review focuses on reports regarding the isolation and/or synthesis of naturally occurring dibenzofurans with demonstrated anti-allergy, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial and treatment of skin conditions. It is not a comprehensive discussion of all such compounds, but is instead intended to illustrate the range of biological activity possessed by such compounds, the variety of sources from which they can be isolated, and the various synthetic methods by which they can be prepared.}, keywords = {dibenzofuran derivatives,Anticancer activities,polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins,polychlorinated biphenyl}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_161118.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_161118_9cd13a998630451cb3b32193c7937b14.pdf} } @article { author = {El Nashar, Doaa E. and Helaly, Fahima M. and Khalaf, Aman I. and Rozik, Nehad N. and Kandil, Heba and Koriem, A.A. and Soliman, Abdelmohsen M.}, title = {Production of safe and antimicrobial ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber vulcanizates for toys and medical applications}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {5}, pages = {2557-2566}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2021.47986.2982}, abstract = {The present work deals to prepare safety rubber goods for medical and kids toys applications. The rubber used in this study was ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM). The incorporated additives used to obtain promising results for safety rubber goods are ZnO of particle size 26 nm, potassium alum and tetracycline. Two fillers were used like CaCO3 and bentonite. The rubber and its specified ingredients were mixed through the ordinary industrial mixer applied. The compounded rubber was vulcanized by a hydraulic press according to the time determined from the rheological test. The physico-mechanical properties and the cytotoxicity tests of the EPDM rubber vulcanizates were evaluated. The results showed that rheological properties of the vulcanizates depend on the type of filler; CaCO3 and bentonite used. The scorch time decreased with increasing filler concentrations. The minimum and maximum torque as well as the cure rate index were increased with increasing the filler concentration. The data obtained showed the improvement of the physicomechanical properties of the vulcanizates in presence of 10-20 phr fillers . Moreover, there is no great differences in the rheological and physicomechanical properties of the prepared vulcanizates in the presence of the bioactive materials such as ZnO, potassium alum, and tetracycline due to their good compatibility and distribution of these materials in the vulcanizates as clarified from the results of the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results of cytotoxicity test on the prepared vulcanizates towards human normal cell lines showed good safety property therefore, the cytotoxicity activity of EPDM/Bentonite at 100 ppm was about -58.5 % , while, the antimicrobial activity of EPDM/Bentonite/2.5 ZnO towards Gram -ve or Gram +ve bacteria was good. These promising results push us to use EPDM rubber vulcanizates for producing safe and antimicrobial rubber goods in various industrial and medical applications.}, keywords = {Antimicrobial,safety,ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM),Cytotoxicity,medical applications}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_145756.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_145756_addc746edcd44c5757d9b0694bf2fdc4.pdf} } @article { author = {Emoyan, Onoriode}, title = {Occurrence And Exposure Risk Of Mono-Aromatic Hydrocarbons In Selected Petroleum Product Jetty Impacted Soils From The Niger Delta, Nigeria}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {5}, pages = {2567-2578}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2021.40450.2821}, abstract = {This study evaluated the occurrence and human exposure risk of mono-aromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs) such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and o,p-xylene (BTEX) in soils from petroleum product jetty from the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Samples were collected from the top (0-15 cm), sub (15-30 cm), and bottom (30-45 cm) soil depths. The MAHs components were determined using Headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (HS-GCMS). The individual and ƩMAHs concentrations ranged from not detected (ND) to 1528 µg kg-1 and ND to 2512 µg kg-1 respectively. The total cancer risks were within the low category. The source identification indicated that the origin MAHs species are attributed to solvent, paints, and gasoline-diesel spill and particulate emission from gasoline/diesel combustion exhaust in the vicinity of the petroleum product jetty. This depicts the presence of low molecular weight petroleum fractions such as gasoline and kerosene that could exhibit toxicological and carcinogenic effects to organisms in soils within the jetty. Clean-up actions should be carried out to prevent the accumulation of MAHs in soil-plant uptake and the potential ecological and human exposure risks of MAHs in the surrounding soil and aquatic ecosystem}, keywords = {MAHs,petroleum product jetty,exposure risk,soil pollution,Niger Delta}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_163974.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_163974_743c30cc41fd78af84217303732f7453.pdf} } @article { author = {galal, Heba and ramadan, hamada and Abdel-Aziz, Mohammed and Mahmoud, Naglaa and radi, Rabea}, title = {The use of Miscellaneous Scientific Methods in Characterization and Analyzing the Gilding Cartonnage Tape for the Late Period.}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {5}, pages = {2579-2592}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2021.61943.3337}, abstract = {The purpose of this research is to examine and identify the colors, media, and ground layer used in the late era of the ancient Egyptian civilization by analyzing the gilded cartonnage tape based on the use of various examinations and analyzes, such as the use of optical microscopy, stereo microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) in examining samples of cartonnage and its damage. Using x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope with EDX and infrared (FTIR) to analysis the cartonnage tape. The piece is gilding cartonnage tape dating back to the a late-era, that suffered from some problems such as cracks in the ground and pigment layer, Separate of linen layers of each other's investigate by optical, stereo, scan microscope. The results show that ground layer consists of two layers, the first one is composed of calcite (CaCO3) with small amounts of quartz (SiO2). The second one composed of calcite, gypsum and quartz. Silver and gold in the gilding layer and cuprorivaite, wollastonite and SiO2 content in blue color.}, keywords = {tape,Gilding,Ground layer,Pigment,SEM,XRD,FTIR}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_149522.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_149522_554bad3e932270ba5eea24a1b2044f17.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdelrahman, Ameen and hamouda, Asmaa and Mohamed, Hamdy and Zaki, Ayman}, title = {Studying and Evaluating Catalytic Pyrolysis of Polypropylene}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {5}, pages = {2593-2605}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2021.48239.2988}, abstract = {Renewable energy and alternative fuel from different conventional resources such as biomass, plastic waste, and recyclable polymers are impertinent environmental issues worldwide. Furthermore, to replace fossil fuel and reduce greenhouse gas emissions that have a negative impact on climate change. This article exhibits the effect of metal oxide composite/clay in the thermal decomposition of Polypropylene. That hetrocatalyst composed nano-clay thin layer loaded with MnO2 –NPs works on cracking of polypropylene under different reaction conditions like heating temperature, rate of reaction, reaction time, and composite loading ratio. Various techniques such as GC and TEM were used to characterize pyrolysis gases and char, in addition to scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Thermo-gravimetric analyzer (TGA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used for composite characterize. High gas yield and char rate conversion were obtained using synthesize composite.}, keywords = {Clay metal oxides,Plastic waste, Catalytic thermochemical cracking,polypropylene}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_151156.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_151156_02dbf09ba05d8e9fd2becba44eecfe11.pdf} } @article { author = {Al-Seady, Mohammed A. and Ahmed, Eman and abduljalil, Hayder M. and Kahewish, Ahmed Abdul-ridha}, title = {Studying the adsorption energy of CO gas molecule in different nano-systems using density function theory}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {5}, pages = {2607-2612}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2021.55434.3169}, abstract = {In this report density function theory calculations were used to computed ground state properties for pure and Aluminum doped nano-system (graphene/boron-nitride). Ground state calculation provide relaxation structure, molecular orbital energy, adsorption process and charge transfer. Hybrid function used in this study was (B3LYP) and basis set 6-31G*. bond length calculation for pure and doped nano-system was agreements with experimental measurements. Adsorption energy calculations show low energy raising during interaction between gas molecule and surface of nano-systems. Also, result show that type of adsorption was physical. Molecular orbital energy doesn’t effect during interaction process. Charge transfer calculation show that CO gas molecule act as donor in system pure graphene, boron-nitride and Al-graphene and act as acceptor in Al-boron-nitride.}, keywords = {Adsorption energy,Energy Gap,Physical adsorption,charge transfer,Molecular orbitals}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_153910.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_153910_371916befdb2d08bd2c2d37db967d7a8.pdf} } @article { author = {Ibraheim, gamil and Elwakeel, Mahmoud and Hussein, Ahmed}, title = {Evaluation of quality attributes, antioxidant activity and volatile compounds of two cactus pear juices blended with guava juice}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {5}, pages = {2613-2622}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2021.58555.3263}, abstract = {The current investigation carried out on blends of two species from cactus pear (CP) juices with guava juice to evaluate the changes in physicochemical properties, ascorbic acid, phytochemicals, antiradical activity as well as volatile compounds. The blends of purple CP showed a significant increase in pH, TSS and ratio of TSS/TA values compared to blends of green CP with guava juice. An opposite trend had occurred in determination of titratable acidity. Ascorbic acid concentration in blends ranged from 52.46 to 59.43 mg/100 mL in T1 and T3 respectively. The blends showed a remarkable increase in total phenolic content with the increase of cactus pear in blends in formula to reach the maximum level at T1 and T3. Against reducing power, the antiradical activity was generally higher than that of DPPH by factor about 1.3 at T1 and 1.4 at T6. The radical scavenging activities of studied blends were in the range of 8.37 – 13.46 μmol TE/100 mL in T6 and T1 respectively when the determination carried out using DPPH assay. The highest score of panellists recorded for the T3 [(3) purple pear: (1) guava juice). Therefore, this blending ratio subjected to GC-MS analysis. A total of thirty volatile compounds were identified; the major alcohols in T3 were 1-hexanol and linalool which represent 12.35% and 7.23% respectively.}, keywords = {cactus pear,guava,physicochemical,antioxidant,volatile}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_145766.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_145766_0d4467b05fa8344fb3a78dfc649d2dec.pdf} } @article { author = {Abo-Shanab, Zeinab and A.Ahmed, M. and Elshafie, M.}, title = {Effect of SBR/Waste Ceramic Powder Nanocomposite on High Temperature Performance of Asphalt Binder}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {5}, pages = {2623-2630}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2021.62484.3340}, abstract = {Modifying asphalt binder with styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) improves low temperature performance (resistance to cracking), elastic recovery, and ductility of binder. However, some of difficulties were found at high temperatures susceptibility (Rutting), and low storage stability (compatibility). Therefore, the aim of this study is to resolve these defects (rutting and compatibility) by formulating SBR/ waste nanoceramic powder (WNCP) nanocomposites. Three nanocomposites formulations are fabricated from SBR/WNCP with mass ratios (90:10), (80:20), and (70, 30) respectively. The prepared nanocomposites are assessed by XRF, XRD, and DLS. Asphalt binder is modified by 5wt% from each fabricated nanocomposite. Physical tests of modified asphalt binder including softening point, penetration, and penetration index are measured. The high temperature performance; rutting factor (G*/sindelta) is studied with DSR before and after exposure to short term aging. The compatibility of modified binder was studied by conducting storage stability test. Results confirmed that fabrication of SBR/WNCP nanocomposite enhance the compatibility, storage stability, and stiffness of blended binder. Also, DSR results approved that the rutting resistance of binder is enhanced.}, keywords = {Asphalt binder,SBR,Ceramic powder waste,rutting,storage stability,Nanocomposites}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_150333.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_150333_555797114644e4462d8f7b9fd61e90f7.pdf} } @article { author = {Al-Wasidi, Asma S. and Refat, Moamen S. and Naglah, Ahmed M. and Elhenawy, Ahmed A.}, title = {Different Potential Biological Activities of Benzimidazole Derivatives}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {5}, pages = {2631-2646}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2021.71477.3570}, abstract = {It has been demonstrated that most of the various derivatives of benzimidazole have distinct biological activity that gives clear promises to treat many different diseases, and for this wonderful reason, all the different new formulations based on benzimidazole remain of high concentration of interest to most scientists interested in the pharmacological fields. In this review article, we focused on mentioning many different derivatives of benzimidazole and studying its biological activities for humans and animals alike. In addition, in this reference article we have also focused on the more active benzimidazole derivatives that have shown significant pharmacological effect among patients.}, keywords = {Benzimidazole,Heterocyclic,Substituted benzimidazole,Pharmacological activities,Rivoglitazone,Candesartan}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_164696.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_164696_a6f1f862aeffcb5c3fefc7579ac577cb.pdf} } @article { author = {Kahdim, Zaidoon and Raheem, Ali}, title = {Synthesis and characterization of some new five and seven-membered heterocyclic compounds derived from mefenamic acid}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {5}, pages = {2647-2652}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2021.65196.3461}, abstract = {Five and seven-membered heterocyclic compounds were prepared from mefenamic acid, which was esterified with absolute ethanol to give amino benzoate (Z1). The ester reaction with hydrazine hydrate gave benzohydrazide (Z2), then converted into Schiff base by using p-hydroxy benzaldhyde to give hydroxy benzylidene (Z3). Then the compound (Z4) gets us by reaction hydroxy benzylidene (Z3) with 2-mercoptoacetic acid. The interaction between benzohydrazide (Z2) and Cs2 with NaOH gave salt (Z5), which was acidified with HCl to give thiol (Z6). The compound (Z6) treated with hydrazine hydrate gave hydrazine (Z7), then converted into Schiff base by using benzaldhyde towards oxadiazol (Z8), which was interaction with maleic and phthalic anhydrides to give (Z9, Z10) respectively. The compounds that attended were diagnosed with their FTIR, 13C-NMR, and 1H-NMR spectral data. The aim of this study is to prepare heterocyclic compounds derived from mefenamic acid that may be used in the field of the medicinal drug industry.}, keywords = {Mefenamic acid,Heterocyclic,oxazepine}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_159923.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_159923_b87132e51a9043a0cc0e9c583e4c1185.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdelmajeid, Abdelmotaal and Ali, ali and Ashour, Manar}, title = {Synthesis and evaluation of in vitro biological activity of new series of quinazolinone and benzoxazinone derivatives}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {5}, pages = {2653-2661}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2021.61385.3319}, abstract = {A convenient synthesis for 1,3,4-thiadiazolyl quinazolinone derivatives is described via facile cyclization of anthranilic acid with succinic anhydride and upon reaction with glycine afforded 3-glycinyl quinazolinone derivative (2), which then treated with thiosemicarbazide and produced 1,3,4-thiadiazolyl quinazolinone derivative (3). Also, the key intermediate isothiocyanatobenzoazinone (13) is synthesized and checked for the synthesis of triazolyl-(14), oxooxazolidinyl-(15) and triazinanyl-(16a,b) benzoxazinone scaffolds by reaction with phenylhydrazine, glycine and urea and/ or thiourea, respectively. Antimicrobial activity of the synthesized compounds were evaluated against selected bacterial and fungal strains and compared with penicillin and compounds 6, 7b, 10b, 11, 14 and 16b exhibited promising activity as compared to the tested standard. The structures of the products were assigned and confirmed on the basis of their elemental analyses as well as spectral data (IR, MS and 1H NMR).}, keywords = {Thiadiazolylquinazolinones,isothiocyanato benzoxazinone,N-heterocycles,Scaffolds,antimicrobial activity}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_151555.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_151555_40b209fe7867b05a7a35d8a5f6ab78c4.pdf} } @article { author = {Elmosallamy, Amani and Amer, Talaat and Mohamed, Sally and Ali, Yossef and Hussein, Sahar}, title = {Phytochemical Constituents of Ulva Lactuca and Supplementation to Improve The Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus) Haemato-Biochemical Status}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {5}, pages = {2663-2670}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2021.60453.3296}, abstract = {This study was carried out to investigate the phytochemical constituents and biological screening of green algae (Ulva lactuca ) methanolic crude extract. The HPLC spectrum profile identified seven phenolic and flavonoid compounds namely: catechin, chlorogenic ,caffeic, quercetin, and major compounds, ellagic acid with 60.87 % and rutin with 33.40% of total area. The GC profile of fatty acids portions represented to relative distribution percentage were 9 compounds, the major fatty acids are lauric acid 55.0 % , caprylic acid 21.2 % , capric Acid was 19.8 and palmitic acid was 1.94% . The 17 amino acids produced from GC spectrum , the percentage of total amino acid were 25.98% .The most abundant amino acids were glutamic acid 2.34% , alanine 2.22 and aspartic 2.09, leucine 1.33 , valine 1.26 , phenylalanine 1.0 , therionine 0.98 and isoleucine 0.9%. of total amino acid. Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus) diets were divided into Ulva fermentation and multi enzymes, groups each with three different supplementations (LC, PRO, and LC + PRO). The result recorded the diets containing fermented Ulva with L-carnitine, probiotic ( LC+PRO) was the highest level of red blood cell ( RBCs , HGB) by 1.97 cmm , 10.63 g/d . Similarly, increase of Hematocrit (HCt) , WBCs, platelets, and lymphocytes due to the highest level of protein, albumin, and globulin in this diets also, U. lactuca contains a number of complex carbohydrates and polysaccharides. This study has revealed that U. lactuca seaweed is a rich source of protein ( 22% ) which is nutritionally superior to the terrestrial plant proteins and can be used to provide significant proportions of the protein requirements of fish as well as for human.}, keywords = {Ulva lactuca,phenolics and flavonids,HPLC,GC,total fatty and Amino acid,Nile tilapia,hematology and biochemical parameters}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_147282.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_147282_23439c7f70d82e743b18dc2821ac7159.pdf} } @article { author = {Gomaa, Esam A. and El-Dossoki, Farid I. and Zaky, Rania R. and Shaaban, Saad and Attia, Fatma A.}, title = {Cyclic Voltammetric studies of the interaction of cupric chloride with (Z)-4-oxo-4-((4-selenocyannatophenyl)amino) but-2-2nonic acid , (Chal) in KCl solutions using glassy carbon electrode.}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {5}, pages = {2671-2678}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2021.44261.2903}, abstract = {To predict and analyze the complexation behavior between the challcogen ligand (Chal) (Z)-4-oxo-4-((4-selenocyannatophenyl)amino) but-2-2nonic acid, and metal ion in aqueous solution cyclic voltammetric studies of copper chloride salt [CuCl2] in absence and presence of chalcogen ligand (Chal), (Z)-4-oxo-4-((4-selenocyannatophenyl)amino) but-2-2nonic acid were performed. From these studies, some values were evaluated (the values of solvation and kinetic parameters [Ep (peak potential), Ip (peak current), D (Diffusion coefficient), ΔEP (peak potential difference), E½ (half wave potential), ks (electron transfer rate constant), Г (surface coverage) and Qa (quantity of electricity)]. the effect of different scan rate and concentration of above the calculated quantities were evaluated and discussed.}, keywords = {Cyclic voltammetry,chalcogen ligand,(Z)-4-oxo-4-((4-selenocyannatophenyl) amino) but-2-2nonic acid Ip (peak current),E½ (half wave potential),ks (electron transfer rate constant)}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_146189.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_146189_07e8c4001130a7fe7ffa90ec85c93671.pdf} } @article { author = {Alfindee, Madher and Sweah, Zainab and Saki, Tahseen}, title = {Preparation and Characterization of Polymer Blends Based on Carboxymethyl Cellulose, Polyvinyl Alcohol, and Polyvinylpyrrolidone}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {5}, pages = {2679-2684}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2021.57276.3234}, abstract = {Two libraries of crosslinked polymer blends were synthesized and characterized. The polymer blends were prepared from carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, and polyvinylpyrrolidone in 1:1:1 ratio using solvent casting method. Two crosslinking agents were used: glyoxal and glutaraldehyde for the first and second libraries respectively. Both crosslinking agents were used in three different ratios (10,15, and 20%). The mechanical properties of the polymer blends were tested using morphology, and swelling ratio methods for the crosslinked polymer blends only. The results confirm that the degree of crystallinity was altered during blending and crosslinking when the original polymer blend compared to itself after crosslinking. The maximum elongation εM% was found when the crosslinking agent ratio was 15%. The polymer blend D with glutaraldehyde as the crosslinking agent had the maximum elongation εM% =17.533, and about 0.565 Mpa Young modulus. While polymer blend B with glyoxal as crosslinking agent had maximum elongation εM% = 11.115, and about 0.593 Mpa Young modulus. Finally, the prepared blends are suitable for adsorption and as an excipient material in pharmaceutical industries.}, keywords = {crosslinking agents,Mechanical Properties,PVP,PVA,and CMC}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_144821.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_144821_ca89e6989504ed874d6d003d73cf53c7.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdel Hameed, Reda and Al Elaimi, M. and Qureshi, M. and Abd el-kader, M.F. and Nassar, A. and Aljohani, Meshari and Arafa, Enas}, title = {Green Recycling of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Waste as Corrosion Inhibitor for Steel in Marine Environment}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {5}, pages = {2685-2695}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2021.54262.3145}, abstract = {Green recycling of poly(ethylene terephthalate) plastic waste, in this respect, PET waste was subjected to de polymerization process with tri methylene glycol (1,3-propandiol) in the presence of manganese acetate (1.0 % w/w to the total Wight of the reactants) as trans esterification catalyst, the product is Bis-(3-hydroxy-propyl)-terephthalate, BHPT, as a non-ionic surfactant was separated and characterized by FT-IR and 1HNMR and evaluated as corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel alloy in artificial marine environment using chemical and electrochemical techniques. Effect of inhibitor concentrations and reaction temperature were studied. The chemical techniques used in this work are gravimetric, thermometric and atomic absorption spectroscopy(AAS), whereas the electrochemical techniques are open circuit potential, potentiodynamic polarization. The corrosion inhibition efficiency increases with increasing inhibitor concentrations and decreased by rising temperature. The maximum corrosion inhibition efficiency 96.5% was afforded using 300 ppm of the used inhibitor derived from plastic waste. Potentiodynamic polarization curves indicate that the used system act as mixed inhibitor. The data of AAS show that the iron(iii) ions Fe+3 concentrations were decreased by increasing inhibitor concentration. All the used techniques are in good agreement to each other (±2 %) and shows that the used drug acts as green corrosion inhibitors for steel in marine environment.}, keywords = {poly(ethylene terephthalate),green recycling of waste,steel corrosion,Potntiodynamic,gravimetric,thermometric,AAS}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_148663.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_148663_5adefdd9405e331b694f9e03f90161e1.pdf} } @article { author = {Elnaggar, Mehrez and Emam, Hadeer and Fathalla, Maha and Abdel-Aziz, Mohamed and Zahran, Magdy}, title = {Chemical synthesis of silver nanoparticles in its solid state: highly efficient antimicrobial cotton fabrics for wound healing properties}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {5}, pages = {2697-2709}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2021.57667.3236}, abstract = {During the last decade, nanoparticles could be considered as important platforms to treat skin wounds. Metal nanoparticles especially silver have shown potential therapeutic effects on wound healing. In this work, solid state synthesis was used for the preparation of AgNPs without using an extra chemicals or solvents. AgNPs was easily synthesized using dextran as a reducant and stabilizing agent by eco-grinding artlessly for dextran powder, sodium hydroxide beads and silver nitrate with no considerable times. The efficiency of dextran as dual role for the synthesis of AgNPs was evaluated via changing the utilized concentration of silver nitrate. The formed silver nanoparticles were characterized by ultra-violet spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, X-Ray Diffraction, field emission scanning-electron-energy dispersive X-ray tools. The resultant AgNPs with different concentration were applied to cotton fabrics. The cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activities of the treated fabrics was evaluated. The results revealed that the spherical shape with well distribution of prepared AgNPs was affirmed. In addition, the stability of AgNPs was achieved and acquired values more than -30 mv. The results also depicted that the nanoparticles were successfully deposited onto and penetrated inside the surface of fabrics. The treated cotton fabrics exhibit superior antimicrobial properties that determined by disc diffusion method to kill the pathogenic microbes. Additionally, the cell viability (%) of the treated cotton fabrics has no toxicity effect for the human and non-human cell lines. Based on that, the synthesis of AgNPs is based on solvent-free and one pot synthesis of silver nanoparticles which is eco-friendly, low cost, save effort and chemicals, also gives a high yield.}, keywords = {silver nanoparticles,Dextran,solid state synthesis,Antimicrobial properties,Cytotoxicity}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_145763.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_145763_ac7e175267f1913d1ea7135f1d76d539.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdel-Fadeel, Mohamed and Ismael, Ahmed and E-lziaty, Ahmed and morsy, samir and khorshed, lobna and Shaban, Safaa}, title = {Effect Of Poly (Aniline-Co-O-Toluidine) Loaded On Emulsion Paints With Different Pigments On Corrosion Inhibition Of Mild Steel}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {5}, pages = {2711-2721}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2021.57460.3239}, abstract = {Three groups of plastic emulsion paints were formulated using three different types of pigments. TiO2 was applied in the first group of paint (T-series) as a neutral pigment. Zn3(PO4)2 and Fe2O3 were added in the two other paint groups (Z-series and F-series, respectively) as anticorrosive pigments. Styrene/butyl acrylate latex was prepared by semicontinuous seeded emulsion polymerization and used as a binder in the paint formulations. Poly (ani-co-o-toluidine) (PAOT) was introduced to the painting series as an inhibitor in proportions of 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%. PAOT inhibitor was prepared by oxidative emulsion polymerization with an equimolar amount of aniline and o-toluidine monomers. The binder and the inhibitor were tested for their particle size and chemical structure by DLS and FTIR analysis. The properties of the paint formulations were estimated physically, mechanically, and thermally. The protection efficiency of the paint coatings on steel was estimated against corrosion using an immersion test and electrochemical measurements. The DLS curves of the binder latex and the inhibitor showed a unimodal distribution of sizes 151 nm and 42 nm, respectively. However, a mix of the two emulsions exhibited a bimodal distribution of both sizes. The potentiodynamic polarization measurements showed a decrease in the corrosion current density of TiO2 coating paint from 26.4×10-7 A/cm2 to 12.3×10-7 A/cm2 in Fe2O3 coating paint. The least corrosion current density was obtained from Zn3(PO4)2 coating paint of 7.50×10-7 A/cm2. PAOT inhibitor enhanced the protection efficiency of the paint coatings with the optimum of 3%. Zn3(PO4)2 coating paint loaded with 3% PAOT inhibitor demonstrated the highest protection efficiency of 99.96%.}, keywords = {Butyl acrylate emulsions,Poly (Ani-co-o-toluidine),Corrosion inhibition,anticorrosion,Emulsion coatings}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_148715.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_148715_5d838cabb2dd32c839d546658fb7d9ff.pdf} } @article { author = {Nassif, Nabil and Ghayad, Ibrahim and Abdel Hamid, Zeinab}, title = {Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells as a Renewable Source of Energy}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {5}, pages = {2723-2729}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2021.58244.3254}, abstract = {An overview is reported about the history of prevailing direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs) as a renewable green source of energy. Important features of the effect of: (1) operating DEFCs in alkaline media, (2) development of a suitable preparation method or technique of the catalyst to achieve more favorable dispersion and smaller particle size, (3) employing high surface area supports, (4) combining the catalyst with another metal, metal oxide, metal carbide or nitride, (5) addition of additives in the coating bath; on electrocatalytic performance of DEFCs are discussed.}, keywords = {fuel cells,Ethanol oxidation,Electrocatalyst,Alkaline media,preparation methods,Supports}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_150329.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_150329_4c3fe776e3d7d688a544dc9187c7fa01.pdf} } @article { author = {Nagah, Nesma and Mostafa, Islam and Osman, Ali and Dora, Gamal and El-Sayed, Zeinab and Ateya, Abdel-Monem}, title = {Bioguided Isolation and in-Silico Analysis of Hep-G2 Cytotoxic Constituents From Laurus nobilis Linn. Cultivated In Egypt}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {5}, pages = {2731-2745}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2021.55937.3197}, abstract = {The air dried leaves of Laurus nobilis cultivated in Egypt were extracted by petroleum ether followed by methylene chloride then ethyl acetate and finally methanol. The preliminary cytotoxic screening of these extracts against Hep-G2 using vinblastine sulfate (IC50= 2.93 μg/ml) as standard showed that petroleum ether, methylene chloride and ethyl acetate extracts exhibited strong cytotoxic activity (IC50= 10.6, 5.96 and 3.80 μg/ml, respectively) while the methanolic extract showed moderate activity (IC50= 23.2 μg/ml). Bio-guided chromatographic isolation of L. nobilis extracts resulted in isolation of seven compounds identified as 1-tricosanol (1), reynosin (2), protocatechuic acid (3), vincetoxicoside B (4) and vitexin (5). chemical structures have been established on the basis of physical, chemical and spectroscopic methods (UV, IR, MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and HSQC) in addition to comparison with literature data and /or authentic samples. Reynosin (2) showed the most potent cytotoxic activity against Hep-G2 (IC50= 4.98 μg/ml) among other isolated compounds, while vitexin (5) showed the lowest activity (IC50= 219 μg/ml). Other compounds showed moderate to weak activity. The isolated compounds were docked to caspase3 to reveal their possible cytotoxic mechanism of action on the enzymatic level. Protein fraction obtained after 0.5 hr hydrolysis with papain showed moderate cytotoxic activity (IC50= 200 μg/ml) and that obtained after 3.5 hr hydrolysis exhibited strong antioxidant action (45 % inhibition at a concentration of 200 μg/ml using DPPH assay).}, keywords = {Laurus nobilis, Cytotoxicity, Hep-G2,Reynosin, Molecular modeling, Protein hydrolysis, Antioxidant}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_145759.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_145759_aea04af33b89cfc6a5576bfebea3fd3e.pdf} }