@article { author = {El Wanees, S and Bukhari, Abeer Abdulaziz H. and Alatawi, Naifa S. and Salem, S. and Nooh, S and Mustafa, Syed Khalid and Elyan, S. S.}, title = {Thermodynamic and Adsorption Studies on the Corrosion Inhibition of Zn by 2, 2'-Dithiobis(2,3-dihydro-1,3-benzothiazole) in HCl Solutions}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {2}, pages = {547-559}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2020.42128.2849}, abstract = {The thermodynamics parameters and adsorption mechanism of the 2,2'-dithiobis(2,3-dihydro-1,3-benzothiazole), DDBT, as a corrosion retarder for Zn in 0.5 M HCl solution were studied by different techniques. Potentiodynamic polarization, thermometric and Gravimetric techinques, as well as, SEM surface investigations were employed. The data of different techniques were compatible and confirmed the inhibition effect of DDBT. The potentiodynamic polarization data disclosed that the DTDBT molecules behave as a mixed-kind inhibitor. The different thermodynamic parameters about the corrosion and adsorption processes were deduced to suggest the inhibition mechanism. The DDBT molecules are adsorbed on the C-steel surface confirming the Langmuir isotherm obeying a mixed mechanism (physical and chemisorption).}, keywords = {Adsorption,zinc,Corrosion inhibition,Thermodynamic,Potentiodynamic,Gravimetry,Langmuir isotherm}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_116882.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_116882_835ef4b6933f5abe3b9bab599df2eedb.pdf} } @article { author = {Abo-Salem, Heba and El-kady, Dina and Abd-Elhalim, Mervat and Soliman, Ahmed and Ebaid, Manal and El-Sawy, Eslam}, title = {Synthesis, Anti-Proliferative Activity and SAR studies of Novel 5-(3-Indolyl)-5H-Thiazolo[4,3-b][1,3,4]Thiadiazoles tethered with Steroid Moieties}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {2}, pages = {561-571}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2020.38975.2800}, abstract = {A new series of the fused thiazolo[4,3-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazoles 2a-e have been synthesized via one-pot reaction of N-substituted indole-3-carboxaldehydes 1a-e with thioglycolic acid and thiosemicarbazide under grinding condition. Condensation reaction of 2a-e with acetylated epiandrosterone and progesterone afford the corresponding Schiff's bases 3a-e and 4a,b, respectively. Besides, the chloroacetylation of 2a-e in situ by chloroacetyl chloride yielded the chloroacetamides 5a-e. The reaction of 5a-e with 3-amino-pyrazolopyridine derivative 6 provided the goal 2-[(steroids)-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-ylamino]-5-(indoles)-thiazolo[4,3-b][1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl]-acetamides 7a-e. The analytical and spectral data of the entire target compounds 3a-e, 4a,b and 7a-e were compatible with their structures. Compounds 3a-e, 4a,b, and 7a-e were selected to be screened in vitro against different cancer cell lines, namely A-549, HC-T116, MCF-7, and PC3 using MTT assay. The anti-proliferative activity results implied that compounds 3a-e, 4a, and 7e showed excellent growth inhibitory activity toward the human colon cancer cell (HCT-116) with IC50 value ranging from 7.25-38.92 μM/ml in comparison to the reference drug doxorubicin with IC50 of 48.02 μM/ml. Interestingly, compound 3e found to be the most active one towards A-549, HCT-116, and PC3 cancer cell lines with IC50 of 27.05, 12.69, and 24.61µM/ml in comparison with doxorubicin of IC50 39.74, 48.02, and 34.77µM/ml, respectively. In addition, molecular docking studies helped to rationalize the binding interaction of the most active compounds toward human colon cancer cell (HCT-116) 3a-e, 4a and 7a with the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and the result revealed that the docking of compounds was more potent compared co-crystalline ligand.}, keywords = {Indol-3-carboxaldehyde,fused thiazolo[4,3-b][1,3,4]thiadiazoles,steroids anticancer,SAR and molecular docking}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_117234.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_117234_fe09244eaff4b28e983588a3d9a5210b.pdf} } @article { author = {Abd-elkhalik, Ramy and Sami, Ashraf and Abd-elmootaal, Mohamed and Taha, Sherif and moustafa, moustafa and El-Sayed, Gamal}, title = {A two years study of dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) in mother's milk in Qalyubia governorate, Egypt.}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {2}, pages = {573-579}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2020.41413.2838}, abstract = {The high cost of dl-PCBs analysis using a high-resolution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (HR-GC/MS) generally  minimizes it is regular analysis studies, especially in human tissue. In this study, a survey was carried out for analysis of dl￾PCBs in thirty human milk samples collected from Qalyubia governorate, Egypt (2016-2018). Significant correlations were observed between Ʃdl-PCBs (TEQ), age, and numbers of deliveries. All dl-PCBs congeners were detected in all collected  samples. Besides, the non-ortho PCB congener (PCB 126) was found at elevated concentrations. The mean TEQ concentrations of non-ortho and mono-ortho PCBs in the breast milk of the primiparous mothers were 7.30 and 0.20 pgTEQg-1lipid, respectively. On the other hand, multiparous mothers have a mean TEQ concentration for these dl-PCBs (non-ortho  and mono-ortho PCBs) of 6.1 and 0.3 pg TEQ g-1lipid, respectively. The most found dl-PCBs were PCB-118 and PCB-156, both account 64.9% from ƩPCBs concentrations without TEF. Estimation of infant daily intakes (EIDI) showed that they are at high risk of adverse effects caused by PCBs.}, keywords = {Dioxins like compounds,High-Resolution Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry,Breast milk,Egypt,TEF,EIDI}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_117491.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_117491_181ed8599056117e6ef24d140e8f28a8.pdf} } @article { author = {El Rafie, Sh. and Ibrahim, Hosni and Shalaby, Marwa S. and Shehab, Ola R. and Gaber, Marwa}, title = {Fast Phosphate Adsorption on Pectin-Ammonium Functionalized Mesoporous Silica Hybrid Material}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {2}, pages = {581-591}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2020.43996.2892}, abstract = {Mesoporous silica nanoparticles are one of the most promising adsorbents for metal ions due to their ultrahigh surface area, outsized pore size, and miscellaneous composition. However, their applications remain limited as a frail ion exchanger for anion adsorption due to the existence of silanol groups on the surface in order to overcome these drawbacks, hybrid organic–inorganic silica material with high specific surface area, highly adsorptive capacity, and good chemical and thermal stability was prepared. We report here a facile method for the preparation of newly amine functionalized silica-pectin hybrid material. To better understand about the surface modification of the silica gels, the analysis of materials’ surfaces was conducted using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The important yardstick for experimental analysis is the comparative phosphate anion removal efficiency of the composite material in artificial wastewater and how the trend of phosphate anion changes with the effect of temperature, the influence time, the effect of pH, the significance of dose of adsorbent and initial anion concentration in the process of the selective removal of phosphate anion.}, keywords = {Phosphate,pectin,functionalized silica,Adsorption,Wastewater}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_121165.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_121165_6bdcb6a9655d33eb9c40fd119b158a0f.pdf} } @article { author = {Khattab, Tawfik and Kamel, Samir}, title = {A Concise Review on Synthesis and Applications of Helicenes}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {2}, pages = {593-604}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2020.43808.2944}, abstract = {Helicenes can be recognized as helical-shaped π-conjugated molecular structures composed of sequential ortho annulated aromatic rings with thermal stability and intrinsic chirality. Helicenes are generally characterized by their distinctive supramolecular structural design and unusual optical characteristics. Helicenes have been utilized on a broad range of potential applications, such as liquid crystals, material dyes, asymmetric synthesis, molecular switches, polymers, and photorefractive materials, nanomaterials via self-assembly, biological recognition, as well as photovoltaics, and light-emitting devices.}, keywords = {Helicenes,Synthesis,dyes,polymers,Catalysis}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_122536.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_122536_9e5471641c394ed1d160698064927615.pdf} } @article { author = {Taha, Sherif}, title = {A Rapid Sensitive and Selective GC-Ms/Ms Method for Multi Residue Analysis of A Large Number of Pesticides in Chamomile}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {2}, pages = {605-622}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2020.51066.3046}, abstract = {Multi-residue methods for pesticide residues analysis in herbal plants, using gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS), usually carried out by a long run time. These longer run times of analyses are performed to avoid the overlapping of the co-extracted natural components with the analyzed pesticides in herbal samples. In the current study, a rapid sensitive and selective GC-MS/MS method, of run time 25 m, has been developed for the analysis of 212 pesticides in chamomile. The oven temperature program has been optimized to give a better distribution for the eluted pesticides along all the run time. Besides, the back flush technique has been used to remove the less volatile compounds and to decrease the analysis runtime. In addition, the sample preparation was a modification of the known QuEChERS extraction method by applying a freezing step at -20 °C for 20 m before adding the salting out mixture. The developed method enables food safety laboratories to increase the number of analyzed samples per day with a reduction of the total analysis cost. The developed method has been fully validated on chamomile according to SANTE/11813, 2018. The obtained results showed that, more than 206 pesticides have average recoveries between 70-120 % at a concentration level of 50 µg kg-1. Limit of quantitation for 160 of the studied pesticides equal 10 µg kg -1. The developed method was also employed for the analysis of real chamomile samples collected from Al-Fayoum governorate, Egypt. The obtained results showed that most of the collected samples were positive by different pesticide residues. There were three samples contaminated by five to six different pesticides, indicating the presence of uncontrolled pesticide practices.    }, keywords = {Pesticides Residue,Rapid GC-MS/MS Method, Chamomile,herbs}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_131977.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_131977_9541cb239211d1eac9fcfb3a21df3aab.pdf} } @article { author = {Ahmed, Aml Gomaa and Shoukry, Eman and Mostafa, Mohsen}, title = {Equilibrium Studies of Binary and Ternary Complexes Involving 2-Hydroxy-1- Naphthoic Acid and Amino Acids in Dioxane–Water Mixture}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {2}, pages = {623-630}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2020.43040.2867}, abstract = {Complex formation equilibria of 2-hydroxy-1-naphthoic acid with Cu2+, Ni2+, Co2+ and Mn2+ and the ternary complexes involving Cu2+, 2-hydroxy-1-naphthoic acid and some amino acids containing different functional groups are investigated. Stoichiometry and stability constants for the complexes are estimated at 25 oC and 0.1M ionic strength in 50% dioxane-water mixture. The stability of the complexes follows the trend Cu2+ > Ni2+ > Co2+ > Mn2+, which is in agreement with the Irving–Williams order of the metal ions. Ternary complexes of amino acids are formed by a simultaneous mechanism. The stabilities of ternary complexes are quantitatively compared with their corresponding binary complexes. The concentration distribution diagrams of the complexes were evaluated.}, keywords = {Equilibrium studies,2-hydroxy-1-naphthoic acid,Binary and ternary complexes,Amino acids}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_118529.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_118529_a0d6cdef8de01a40d562197724db29a3.pdf} } @article { author = {Deabes, Mohamed and Aboulthana, Wael and Marzouk, Emad El- Din and Mohamed, Mohamed and Ahmed, Kawkab}, title = {Evaluation of Hepato- and Neuroprotective Effect of Chemical Constituents in Saussurea costus Extract Against the Toxicity Induced by Chloropyrifos Ethyl in Rats}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {2}, pages = {631-647}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2021.55840.3199}, abstract = {The health hazardous occurred in both human and animals as a result of the continuous misuse of pesticides drives the researchers for looking about the solution. Natural plant extracts contain active phyto-constituents with antioxidant potency enables them to inhibit production of the free radicals that induce damage of the cells. The present study aimed to reveal efficiency of Saussurea costus (S. costus) extract against the hepato- and neurotoxicity induced by Chloropyrifos ethyl (CPF) in experimental animals (rats). The gas chromatography / mass spectrometer (GC/MS) that used for analyzing the active constituents in S. costus extract showed that the extract contains 11 potent active compounds and Dehydrocostuslactone represents about 77.37% and considered as the most dominant compound in the extract. Both of CPF and S. costus extract were studied on the rats that were divided into 6 groups as the following: Group 1 (control) received distilled water orally. Groups 2&3 (S. costus extract treated groups) received S. costus extract orally at a dose of 0.25 and 0.50 ml, respectively. Group 4 (CPF injected group) was injected with CPF at a dose of 3 mg/kg.bw. Groups 5&6 (CPF + S. costus extract group) injected with CPF then treated with S. costus extract at two tested doses respectively. The most hematological and biochemical measurements declined significantly (P≤0.05) in CPF injected group. S. costus extract restored all tested parameters towards the control values. Moreover, the electrophoretic isoenzyme showed that the physiological alterations occurred in the esterases (ESTs) as a result of CPF injection were represented by hiding normal EST types associated with existence of abnormal ones. Therefore, the similarity index (SI%) and genetic distance (GD%) values were altered with α-EST (SI=80.00%; GD=20.00%) and β-EST (SI=50.00%; GD=50.00%) patterns in CPF injected group. The S. costus extract at a dose of 0.5 ml restored integrity of these isoenzymes pattern by restoring the absent types with hiding the abnormal ones. Therefore, this group became physiologically similar to control group (SI=100.00%; GD=0.00%). These results were supported by histopathological examination for the target organs (brain, liver and kidney) that were affected by CPF and the S. costus extract improved architecture of these organs and restored their histopathological integrity to normal structure.}, keywords = {Chloropyrifos Ethyl,toxicity,Saussurea costus,GC/MS,Isoenzymes,Rats}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_137853.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_137853_5c4c0b4e933599d1f5deaa4b9b234889.pdf} } @article { author = {alashkar, Tarek and Nashy, Elshahat and masaoud, Ragab and Haroun, Ahmed and youssef, mohamed and mahmoud, amira}, title = {Integration of Fenton Oxidation with Nano-Graphene Oxide to Eliminate the Hazardous Effect of Chromated/Dyed Tannery Effluents}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {2}, pages = {649-660}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2020.46016.2942}, abstract = {Effective management of tannery effluent is needed for this time. Tanning industry is one of the worst industries from an environmental point of view, where is the prominent sources of pollution to the aquatic environment. Wet-finishing effluent is the most dangerous step which generate the obnoxious effluent in the tanning industry. The conventional treatments of such waste showed deficiency to coop with the required limits of national regulatory standards. In the present study an advanced oxidation technique based on modification of Fenton reaction combined with high porous nanomaterials was applied as an alternative treatment. Variable doses of H2O2, Fe+2, CaO and pH were investigated to determine the optimum operating conditions. The obtained results indicated a good quality of the treated effluent. Residual concentrations of COD, BOD and TSS were 98.51%, 98.11% and 98.82% removal, respectively. The most obnoxious material (Cr) was highly removed (98.92%). Also, decolorization value (YCOL values) was obtained using Nano GO (99%) and/or active charcoal (88.08 %) with CaO. The residual effect of H2O2 was reduced by MnO2, SnO and Fe powder than sod. thiosulphate. The treated effluent could meet to the National regulatory standard for discharging into the sewerage systems with respect to the studied parameters.}, keywords = {Hazardous wastes,wet-finishing effluent,Fenton's oxidation process,Conventional Treatment,COD,BOD}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_121295.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_121295_fb4cdb0f5ef63fe8a88a985982895188.pdf} } @article { author = {Mohamed, Hend and Ismael, Eman and Elaasser, Mahmoud and Khalil, Mostafa}, title = {Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Portulaca oleracea (Regla Seeds) Extract and Its Biomedical Applications}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {2}, pages = {661-672}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2020.45592.2930}, abstract = {In the present study, the biosynthesis of ZnONPs utilizing Portulaca oleracea seeds aqueous extract has been reported. The reported method is a green, plant-extract mediated and low-cost approach that is capable of synthesizing ZnONPs at pH 7 with heating at 60 oC for one hour. To demonstrate the efficiency of the capping bioorganic molecules on ZnO nanoparticles, a part of the product was dried at 60 oC (denoted ZnO-60) and the other part was annealed at 500 oC (denoted ZnO-500). Both synthesized ZnONPs was crystalline in nature and hexagonal in shape with an average size of 14 nm and 34.5 nm for ZnO-60 and ZnO-500, respectively, as evidenced by XRD and TEM analysis. The synthesized nanoparticles showed high antioxidant, good antibacterial activity, which has inhibited the growth of Helicobacter pylori (ATCC 700392) and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and anticancer activity for HCT-116 cells with a higher efficiency of ZnO-60 than ZnO-500.}, keywords = {Biosynthesis,Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles,Portulaca oleracea extract,Antimicrobial,antioxidant,antitumor}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_120456.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_120456_34c01327cb936ed65e61ee1710e66172.pdf} } @article { author = {Yaseen, Suhair and Qasim, Bushra and Al-lame, Naeema}, title = {Spectrophotometric Determination of Cu (+II) by Complexation with 2-(4-biphenyl) Imidazo [1,2-] Pyrimidine-3-Hydrazone and Studying Characteristics of prepared complex.}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {2}, pages = {673-691}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2019.13907.1861}, abstract = {2-(4-biphenyl)imidazo[1,2-]pyrimidine-3-hydrazone (BIPH) is synthesized and used as a new complexation analytical reagent in quantitative determination of copper ions, a yellowish green complex is resulted from this reaction. At the beginning, the reaction conditions were optimized at 430 nm which is the maximum wave length 〖(λ〗_max) of the complex. The linear concentration range is 0.05-500ppm and the limit of detection is 0.122 ppm. To test validity of this determination method, it was applied on samples with different matrix, and copper ion concentrations such as life samples of urine, tap water, wastewater and industrial samples of 4%copper alloy and 99%copper alloy. Standard addition method is also used to avoid matrix effect on analytical results. In application of suggested method, the values of relative error were (-4.536)–2.071% and values of recoveries were 95.46-102.07%. The high stability constant of resulted complex (K=0.25×108), and the simplicity in procedure of complex preparation, both provided us a motivation to prepare complex, and to study some of its characteristics by performing the identified analyses such as FTIR, UV-Visible spectroscopy, SEM+EDX, conductance measurement, reflectance percent R% to enrich the proposed structure of complex.}, keywords = {Schiff base,spectrophotometric analysis,Copper complex,hydrozone derivatives,Schiff base complex}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_117259.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_117259_e54bf7aa5c1691a81a7e3b501038027a.pdf} } @article { author = {Nguyen, Vinh Tien and Minh Hoang, Hao}, title = {Principal Component Analysis Based Solvent Map for Optimisation of Rate and Yield of Curcumin Synthesis}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {2}, pages = {693-701}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2020.33197.2700}, abstract = {Curcumin, a diarylheptanoid normally isolated from Curcuma longa with multiple bioactivities, was synthesized from vanillin and pentane-1,4-dione as initial substrates, n-butylamine as a catalyst, boron oxide as a protecting agent, and tri-n-butyl borate as a water scavenger. The solvents play crucial roles in the reaction rate and the yield of curcumin synthesis. Applying principal component analysis (PCA) method on 89 molecular descriptors calculated for a set of 272 organic solvents, a two-dimensional solvent map was established. Two first principal components, which were found to characterize polarity and polarizability of solvents, accounted for 60% of the data variation and were used as the ordinates of the solvent map. Five solvents, including n-hexane, N,N-dimethylacetamide, n-butyl acetate, chloroform and isopropanol, were selected from different areas of the solvent map to investigate the solvent effects on the rate and the yield of curcumin synthesis. The experimental results revealed that the highest formation rate and yield of curcumin were obtained in N,N-dimethylacetamide. The results offered direction for further explorations of the solvent map, in which N,N-dimethylacetamide should be used as a reference to find the optimum solvent for the synthetic procedure of curcumin.}, keywords = {Curcumin synthesis,Molecular descriptor,PCA,Solvent map}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_117490.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_117490_6fba441118b40dbbd4a6ffd25565abd9.pdf} } @article { author = {Said, Said and Shareef, Omar and Majed, Zainab}, title = {Theoretical Study for Isomerization of Some 2´-Hydroxychalcone Derivative by Using DFT Calculation}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {2}, pages = {703-711}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2020.34194.2716}, abstract = {In this work we present a study about the molecular structure and electrochemical behavior of a series of substituted 2´-hydroxychalcones and their conversion to the corresponding flavanones. The study was performed using density function theory (DFT) based on B3YLP with 6-311G basis set was used in order to investigate the effect of the electronic and structure properties for the isomerization process. Reactants, intermediates and products have an equilibrium state and one transition state that possess one imaginary frequency. The optimized structure, total energies ,hardness ,polarizability ,chemical potential and electrophilicity index were calculated. The relative energy calculated using DFT corresponds with those calculated in a practical way by the use of HPLC technique, the hardness profile along the reaction path in agreement with maximum hardness principle, and the minimum polarizability principle is obeyed in all cases.}, keywords = {DFT,isomerization,2´-Hydroxychalcone,Flavanone,hardness,Polarizability}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_116877.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_116877_6f68c2fa13f837fa74f095cdc6d56194.pdf} } @article { author = {amin, tarek and azeb, mohamed and Abdel-Mottaleb, Mohamed Sabry and Attia, Mohamed}, title = {pH Assists For Selective Determination Of Acyclovir By The Emission Enhancement Of Tb3+Chemosensor In Tablet And Serum Samples}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {2}, pages = {713-720}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2020.40799.2826}, abstract = {A new selective method for the determination of acyclovir in tablets and serum samples was developed. The method depends on the luminescence enhancement of Tb3+ chemo sensor with different concentrations of acyclovir at pH 10. Acyclovir can form a complex with Tb3+ ion of 1:3 molar ratio in DMSO. The luminescence intensity of Tb3+-acyclovir complex increases as the concentration of the drug increases at λex=320 nm, pH 10 in DMSO. The linear range for determination of the selected drug in DMSO 1.0 x 10-9 –1 x 10-5 mol L-1 the detection limits were 0.24 x 10-9 mol L-1.}, keywords = {Acyclovir,Tb- Acyclovir complex,Luminescence Intensity,Enhancement}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_117237.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_117237_1f0c334368e148eaba5268ac6926d98d.pdf} } @article { author = {Ellakwa, Takwa E. and Ellakwa, Doha E.}, title = {Enhancement of The Solubility and The Dissolution Rate of Oral Nimodipine Formulation with Solid Dispersion}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {2}, pages = {721-728}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2020.40842.2828}, abstract = {The present study was an attempt to enhance the dissolution rate of nimodipine (a poorly water-soluble drug), The objective of this study was to evaluate poloxamer 407 as a carrier for nimodipine solid dispersions. The solid dispersions of nimodipine with poloxamer 407 were prepared by the hot melting technique, the molar ratio (3:1). The physicochemical properties of Solid dispersion were investigated by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The FT-IR spectra indicated there was no chemical interaction between nimodipine and poloxamer 407 in the solid dispersion. DSC analysis indicated a decrease in the melting point of nimodipine and poloxamer 407 in solid dispersion. The tablet form was prepared by wet granulation of nimodipine with a binder solution of poloxamer 407 and compressed the dried granules of nimodipine into non-friable, stable tablets. The other objective, the performance of two classes of super disintegrates as croscarmellose sodium (Ac-Di-Sol), and polyvinyl pyrrolidone K30 in the dissolution of nimodipine immediate release and promoting disintegration tablets was evaluated. The in-vitro dissolution was determined by using United States Pharmacopeia (USP) type II dissolution test apparatus. All the results indicated that enhancement of the dissolution rate of nimodipine has been done successfully and drug release Kinetics indicated that the drug dissolution was a diffusion equation.}, keywords = {Solid dispersion,Nimodipine,Poloxamer 407,dissolution rate,Kinetics,Hot melting method}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_122764.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_122764_3bc4c2f92a42b888f2d20aedfd482e1b.pdf} } @article { author = {doma, Hala and Moghazy, Reda and Mahmoud, Rehab}, title = {Environmental factors controlling algal species succession in High Rate Algal Pond}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {2}, pages = {729-738}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2020.38324.2788}, abstract = {In the last decade, studies have focused on identifying microalgal species responsible for wastewater treatment in high rate algal pond (HRAP). In this study, investigation of the microalgal community composition in Pilot-scale Race way-type high rate algal pond through study period of 24 months, chlorophyll “a” content was estimated, Physico-chemical parameters were analyzed, light intensity and temperature also measured, and the biomass productivity was calculated. It was found from the recorded results that, more than 19 genera of phytoplankton belonging to 4 divisions were identified with dominance variation throughout the study period. The presence of the species inside the pond is dependent on seasonal variation. Chemical analysis data exhibit a significant increase of COD, BOD, and TSS concentration with the temperature increase. There is an obvious impact of light intensity and temperature on the growth rate, where the highest growth response of 3.5 mg/l Chl. (a) was achieved at the highest light intensity of 1900 lux with a temperature degree of 39 °C. The average algal biomass produced from HRAP 0.99 kg algae/m3/d. This study demonstrates that the predominance of algal community structure affected by seasonal variations, and there are clear light intensity and temperature impact on the growth rate, as well as there was a promising production of algal biomass can be used in different aspects.}, keywords = {Microalgal predominance,Open raceway pond,Wastewater treatment}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_114337.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_114337_b8d8441b1b1b48c3e4611b5f4dd940ea.pdf} } @article { author = {Kamar, Eman and Soliman, Kamal and Tash, Usama and Reda, Safinaz and Mousa, mahmoud}, title = {Synthesis, Optical, and Fluorescence Properties of Mn-doped ZnS Quantum Dots}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {2}, pages = {739-750}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2020.40626.2824}, abstract = {ZnS and 3% Mn: ZnS QDs were prepared by the hydrothermal method. The samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) and Fourier-transform Infrared spectroscopy (IR). UV-Vis spectroscopy data showed that the peaks of the prepared ZnS and Mn: ZnS samples display a hypochromic shift compared to that of the bulk ZnS. The calculated band-gap value of the ZnS and Mn: ZnS QDs are found to be 4.5 and 4.3 eV, respectively, and larger than that of bulk ZnS (3.68 eV) owing to strong quantum confinement. The calculated particle sizes from bandgap energies are found to be1.8 nm and 1.7 nm for ZnS and Mn: ZnS, respectively. The PL measurements showed that the emission intensity of ZnS QDs increased by doping with Mn2+. The fluorescence quantum yield (FLQY) of ZnS and 3% Mn: ZnS QDs is found to be 0.86 and 0.85, respectively. The incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiency (IPCE) measurement was conducted to investigate the photovoltaic properties of ZnS and 3% Mn: ZnS QDs. At 370 nm, the measured IPCE (%) values are found to be 1.2 % and 2.1 % for ZnS and Mn: ZnS, respectively, suggesting that the Mn2+ dopant enhances the optical properties of the host crystal (ZnS QDs).}, keywords = {Quantum dots,ZnS,Mn: ZnS,IPCE (%)}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_116881.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_116881_ba888b337ca183bd1c977d41154e74a9.pdf} } @article { author = {jadou, bushra and Hameed, Ali and Al-Rubaie, Ali}, title = {Synthesis, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Structural Studies of Some New Sulfa Drug Containing an Azo-azomethine Group}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {2}, pages = {751-759}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2020.43195.2872}, abstract = {A new series of azo-azomethine compounds derived from sulfadiazine were prepared. The compounds were prepared, starting from the coupling of the sulfadiazine diazonium salt with 2- hydroxy -3- methoxy benzaldehyde, followed by condensation with 4-bromoaniline, 2- chloroaniline, 2- methyl-3-chloroaniline, sulfadiazine, 2,4-dimethylaniline, and 2- hydroxyaniline, respectively. All compounds were characterized by CHN analyses, FT-IR, and NMR spectroscopic data. The antimicrobial activity of all synthesized compounds was studied against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and fungi. They were screened for their antibacterial activities towards the gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and the gram-negative Escherichia coli, as well as their antifungal activities against Aspergillus niger, candidaalbicane, and Candida glabrata, to evaluate their antimicrobial potential. Furthermore, their antioxidant activities were investigated by using the β – Carotene bleaching method. QSAR Properties and Molecular properties of all compounds were obtained by using Hyperchem software.}, keywords = {Antibacterial activity,Azo–azomethine,QSAR properties,Sulfadiazine}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_120811.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_120811_529c0aa3b8f393fca27be477828b0648.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdel Raoof, Gehan Fawzy and Abdelfatah Elsayed, Mostafa}, title = {Cytotoxic activity, Molecular docking study and Phytochemical investigation on Cichorium intybus Herb}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {2}, pages = {761-772}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2020.44299.2896}, abstract = {The purpose of this study is to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of Cichorium intybus herb as well as to identify the molecular mechanism of the cytotoxicity. In addition, it aims to investigate its phytoconstituents that are responsible for the bioavailability. The cytotoxic activity of Cichorium intybus herb was assayed by SRB (Sulforhodamine B) assay against ovarian cancer cell line (SKOV-3), liver cancer cell line (HepG2) and prostate cancer cell line (PC-3). The effect on tubulin polymerization was studied to identify the mechanism of cytotoxicity. The binding affinity to the target molecule was examined by docking study. In addition, two flavonoidal compounds were isolated and identified by different spectroscopic methods. The results showed that the methanol extract of Cichorium intybus herb as well as the isolated compounds (myricetin and pinobanksin) possessed a potent cytotoxicity against HepG2 (IC50 =0.95, 4.26 and 7.23 μg/mL), respectively, moderate cytotoxicity against PC-3 (IC50 =25.34, 36.24 and 42.53 μg/mL), respectively, and weak cytotoxicity against SKOV-3 (IC50 >100 μg/mL) for all tested samples. Molecular docking analysis confirmed that both of the isolated compounds showed high binding affinity to colchicine binding site of tubulin microtubules, supported the high cytotoxicity of these compounds.}, keywords = {Cichorium intybu,Cytotoxic activity,myricetin,phytoconstituents,pinobanksin}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_119989.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_119989_93f4bb1a54cffd85dec44037a888a3e1.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdel Hameed, Reda and Al Elaimi, M. and Qureshi, M. and Farghaly, O. and Abd el-kader, M.F.}, title = {Green Synthesis for Nonionic Surfactants from Poly(etheleneterphthalate) Plastic Waste}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {2}, pages = {773-780}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2020.45554.2928}, abstract = {ABSTRACT Efficient solvent free green glycolysis for Polyethylene Terephthalate plastic waste, in this respect, PET waste was subjected to depolymerization process with trimethylene glycol (1,3-propandiol) in the presence of manganese acetate as trans esterification catalyst, the product is Bis-(3-hydroxy-propyl)-terephthalate, BHPT, as a non-ionic surfactant was separated and characterized by FT-IR and 1HNMR, The surface properties were studied by measuring the surface tension at different concentrations and temperatures. The surface tension, critical micelle concentration (CMC), and surface activities were determined. The surface parameters such as surface excess concentration (rmax), the area per molecule at interface (Amin)and the effectiveness of surface tension reduction ( πCMC ) were determined from the adsorption isotherms of the prepared surfactant. The thermodynamic data for the micellization and adsorption process were calculated and discussed.}, keywords = {Recycling of waste,Glycolysis,Surfactants, thermodynamic,Adsorption,PET,Green synthesis}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_121166.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_121166_aaa6b7a4e50d6207d0e08596d95c4508.pdf} } @article { author = {Ibrahim, Abeer and El-Newary, Samah and Hendawy, Saber and Ibrahim, Ahmed}, title = {Balanites aegyptiaca Extract to Treat Risk Factors of Alzheimer’s Disease: an in vitro Study}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {2}, pages = {781-792}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2020.46027.2943}, abstract = {Alzheimer’s disease is a neurological disorder causing memory loss and cognitive decline. The purpose of this study was investigated the ability of B. aegyptiaca crude extract in treating and/or controlling Alzheimer’s disease risk factors based on its inhibitory effect on neurotransmitter hydrolyzing enzymes (AChE and butyrylcholine esterase BuChE)), amyloid accumulation-related factor (tyrosinase), antioxidant and anti-inflammatory characteristics. The inhibitory effect of the crude extract of Balanites aegyptiaca dates was tested in vitro against three Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers—i.e., acetylcholine esterase, butyrylcholine esterase, and tyrosinase. In addition, B. aegyptiaca extract was examined for its antioxidant activity by several methods and for its anti-inflammatory effect by its inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2. Results demonstrated that B. aegyptiaca extract successfully inhibited acetylcholine esterase (IC50; 193.78 ± 10.50 µg/mL), butyrylcholine esterase (IC50; 490.91 ± 15.45 µg/mL), and tyrosinase (IC50; 1.97±0.08 , 9.61 ± 0.11, and 12.03 ± 0.90 μg/mL at incubation times of 10, 20, and 40 min, respectively); it also showed selective anti-inflammatory effect against COX-2 not COX-1. Additionally, B. aegyptiaca extract recorded potent antioxidant properties, including free radicals and oxygen reactive species (ROS) scavenging, metal chelation, reducing capability, and lipid peroxidation inhibition. These activities may be attributed to its unique chemical composition containing alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, and coumarins. The results of this study suggest that B. aegyptiaca extract showed promise anti-Alzheimer’s disease activity in vitro, qualified it to incorporate in advanced preclinical trials for discovering alternative herbal medications.}, keywords = {Alzheimer’s disease,Balanites aegyptiaca crude extract,tyrosinase activity,choline esterase ability,antioxidant characters,selective inti-inflammatory effect}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_121573.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_121573_02ca6a72d2639b36f5809c9a1b59c0e6.pdf} } @article { author = {El-sayed, May and Abbas, Fawkeya and Refaat, Sara and El-Shafae, Azza and Fikry, Eman}, title = {UPLC-ESI-MS/MS Profile of The Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Aerial Parts of Bougainvillea 'Scarlett O'Hara' Cultivated in Egypt}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {2}, pages = {793-806}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2020.45694.2933}, abstract = {The ethyl acetate fraction of Bougainvillea 'Scarlett O'Hara' cultivated in Egypt did not receive enough attention in phytochemical and biological studies. This inspired the authors to investigate the phytochemicals of this fraction for the first time using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS in negative and positive ionization modes to understand the distribution of the major secondary metabolites. The analysis revealed the tentative identification of fifty-seven compounds. The detected metabolites belonged to numerous chemical classes including seven organic acids, fourteen phenolic compounds, one betacyanin, seven anthocyanins, ten flavonoids, three saponins, six tannins, four cyclic tetrapyrolic derivatives and five miscellaneous. The LC-ESI-MS methodology in negative ionization mode was the most appropriate to detect the group of saponins (22.17%), flavonoids (14.27%), free organic (12.35%) and phenolic acid derivatives (14%). It can be seen that the highest ionization rate produced for cyclic tetrapyrolic derivatives (56.41%), anthocyanins (18.8%) and tannins (3.2%) in the positive mode chromatogram.}, keywords = {Bougainvillea,Nyctaginaceae,phytochemicals,UPLC-ESI-MS/MS}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_120457.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_120457_f859c686935fc4d7d78b26aecb455636.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Sonbaty, Ahmed and Al-Sarawy, Ahmed and Diab, Moustafa and Mahmoud, Mahmoud}, title = {Electrochemical Behaviour of Two Dyes as Corrosion Inhibitors for Carbon Steel in Acid Medium and Studying Their Biological Activities by Practical and Theoretical Aspects}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {2}, pages = {807-823}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2020.41579.2842}, abstract = {The inhibitive action of azo dye aminophenol derivatives, namely 6-(4-benzenesulfonic acid azo)-3-aminophenol (compound (1)) and 4-(2,3-dimethyl-1-phenylpyrazol-5-one azo)-3-aminophenol (compound (2)) against the corrosion of C-steel in 2 M HCl solution using Tafel polarisation, surface morphology, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and electrochemical frequency modulation techniques. The inhibition efficiency increased with increasing inhibitor concentrations and decreased with increasing temperature. Tafel polarization curves showed that the corrosion rate was decreased with increasing compounds concentration into HCl solution. Inhibition efficiency values obtained from various methods employed were in reasonable agreement. It was found that the order of % IE of these investigated compounds obey the following order: compound (2) > compound (1). Also, the antimicrobial and antifungal activities of the aminophenol derivatives compounds (1 and 2) and comparing them with the standard antibacterial and antifungal drugs were described. The results showed that the compound (2) is very good antibacterial agents against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. The compound (2) is more active than the compound (1) and penicillin G against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. It was found that the compound (2) is more active than penicillin G which is used as the antibacterial standard drug against Enterobacter sp. and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Molecular docking was used to predict the binding between aminophenol derivatives compounds (1 and 2) and the receptors of the crystal structure of Staphylococcus aureus (3q8u) and the crystal structure of Escherichia coli (3t88). The compound (2) showed best interaction with receptor of Staphylococcus aureus (3q8u) than the compound (1).}, keywords = {Surface Morphology,Tafel polarization,Corrosion inhibition,SEM–EDX,Molecular docking,antimicrobial activity}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_117239.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_117239_e290d0176c464e37eec4b61c127527c0.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdel-karim, Amal M. and Shahen, Seham and Gaber, Ghalia}, title = {4-Aminobenzenesulfonic Acid as Effective Corrosion Inhibitor for Carbon Steel in Hydrochloric Acid}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {2}, pages = {825-834}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2020.44335.2897}, abstract = {The inhibitive activity of 4-aminobenzenesulfonic acid (SA) on the corrosion of carbon steel in 1 M HCl medium has been studied by weight loss, potentiodynamic, and impedance spectroscopy measurements. Experimental results reveal that sulphanilic acid goes about as an inhibitor in the corrosive condition. The inhibition efficiency increases with an increase in the SA concentration. The greatest inhibition efficiency is 92.14% at SA concentration 1000 ppm. Thermodynamic and kinetic parameters have been got from temperature studies. Electrochemical estimation reveals that sulphanilic acid acts as a mixed inhibitor and the adsorption isotherm follows Langmuir. The surface examination by SEM and surface composition was evaluated using EDX that shows the presence of a protective layer of SA molecules on the surface.}, keywords = {Corrosion,Sulphanilic acid,carbon steel,Electrochemical measurements,and Adsorption isotherm}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_119990.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_119990_c1f8e631b56323338b1e125614e46bab.pdf} } @article { author = {El Hawary, Seham and Eltantawy, mona and Rabeh, Mohamed and Ali, Zeinab and Albohy, Amgad and Fawaz, Noha}, title = {Sansevieria: An Evaluation Of Potential Cytotoxic Activity In Reference To Metabolomic And Molecular Docking Studies}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {2}, pages = {835-849}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2020.43384.2877}, abstract = {Sansevieria trifasciata Prain. and Sansevieria suffruticosa N.E.Br. were selected to evaluate their cytotoxic activity against colon (CACO2), lung (A-549) and liver (HepG-2) carcinoma cell lines. Results indicated that S. suffruticosa N.E.Br. showed a significant cytotoxic effect on CACO2 with IC50= 30.9 ± 0.72 μg/ml. Evaluating the phenolic and flavonoid contents, S. suffruticosa N.E.Br. has higher total phenolic and flavonoid contents than S. trifasciata Prain. The phenolic content was estimated using HPLC detecting the presence of apigenin-7-glucoside and cinnamic acid only in S. suffruticosa N.E.Br. with p-hydroxybenzoic acid and p-coumaric acid being the major compounds. While, catechin and kaempferol are the major compounds detected in S. trifasciata Prain. Phytochemical investigation of ethyl acetate fractions of both species results in isolation of chlorogenic acid, kaempferol, quercetin, and catechin from S. trifasciata Prain. and apigenin-7-glucoside and rutin from S. suffruticosa N.E.Br. Isolated compounds are identified using recent spectroscopic methods. All compounds are isolated for the first time from these species. Metabolomic profiling indicates the presence of phenolic acids, flavonoids and saponins in the alcoholic extracts of the two species. In addition, molecular docking study was done for further investigation of the possible targets involved in the cytotoxicity of the alcoholic extracts of the two Sansevieria species. The ability of some phenolic compounds to interact with EGFR cancer target site rationalizes the cytotoxic activity of S. suffruticosa N.E.Br. alcoholic extract as proven by their docking pattern and docking score.}, keywords = {Sansevieria trifasciata,Sansevieria suffruticosa,Cytotoxic activity,Molecular docking,HPLC}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_117241.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_117241_3ab6522aca5f38fc26c6a3960fa6ee9b.pdf} } @article { author = {Fakheri, Hamideh and Tayyari, Sayyed Faramarz and Momen Heravi, Mohammad and Morsali, Ali}, title = {Normal coordinate analysis of the enol form of pentane-2,4-dione and its 2H-isotopomers}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {2}, pages = {851-857}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2020.30023.2645}, abstract = {The harmonic and anharmonic vibrational frequencies of the cis-enol form of pentane-2,4-dione (PD) and its 2H-isotopomers were calculated by density functional theory method (DFT), performed at the B3LYP level. The results of the DFT calculations were subjected to a normal coordinate analysis, giving potential energy distribution (PED) and detailed assignments. Excellent agreement between observed and calculated anharmonic vibrational frequencies was obtained. It is well illustrated that the band frequencies resulted from movements of the enolic ring atoms are considerably coupled with the terminal groups’ vibrations.}, keywords = {Normal coordinate analysis,Density functional theory,pentane-2,4-dione,Potential energy distribution (PED),Deuterated isotopomers,Acetylacetone}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_121653.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_121653_0c4b197c04bd9fe8ffdf284c87a8c4ad.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdulkadhim Sabry, Alya&#039;a and Salih, Nihad}, title = {The Mechanical Properties of Biopolymer Composite Material Using in Compensation Jaws bones}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {2}, pages = {859-867}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2020.32055.2681}, abstract = {The aim of this paper is to prepare biopolymer composite material used to compensate for the jaws bones, where the characteristics of poly(methyl methacrylate) resin were developed by addition hydroxyapatite powder as a reinforcement material and studying the effect of selected weight fractures (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, and 10) wt.% to the polymeric blend (bone cement) on the tensile strength, maximum stress, modulus of elasticity and elongation percentage at break, and before that microstructure analysis was studied by using scanning electron microscope (SEM). the strength results are consistent with the (SEM) images that illustrated significantly increased agglomerates with increasing amount of hydroxyapatite powder. The results showed that the values of these properties increase at specific percentages of hydroxyapatite powder, while decreasing with increasing these percentages to a certain limit. The highest tensile strength value, elastic modulus and best elongation percentage at break were found in composite samples (45.159 MPa at 3%, 2.7365 GPa at 3%, 1.187 mm at 6%) respectively.}, keywords = {Biocomposite materials,Poly (methyl methacrylate),Jaws bones,Hydroxyapatite,Tensile characteristic}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_116876.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_116876_5d8d92bd6a7b1b5c7ce174bfd6f9e2ca.pdf} } @article { author = {Alsehli, Bandar}, title = {Evaluation and Comparison between a Conventional Acid Digestion Method and a Microwave Digestion System for Heavy Metals Determination in Mentha Samples by ICP-MS.}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {2}, pages = {869-881}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2020.43322.2874}, abstract = {Mentha is the most common plant species grown in Saudi Arabia's Madinah city. Locally, the two popular types of mint are commercially called (Hasawi or Habaq) and (Mograbi). Both species are used in herbal teas, alone or as spice mixtures for many foods to offer aroma and flavour. In this research Hasawi mint samples were collected from three different locations and digested by two methods (acid digestion method and a microwave digestion system). Then, they were analysed for their metal contents by ICP-MS. The results from both digestion methods revealed that the following 10 metals were presented: V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb. The microwave digestion system was the best for all studied heavy metals in term of sample preparation procedures, linearity (≥ 0.999), recovery (97%- 101%, n=2) and precision (R.S.D% ≈ 1-2 %, n=2). Mint samples from first location contained 7 metals within the permissible limit while the remaining three metals (Cr, Cu and Zn) had higher levels. The second location contained 9 metals within the permissible limit but only one metal (Cu) had a higher level. The third location contained 6 metals within the permissible limit while it had 4 metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Cd) with higher level. All locations contained As, Cd and Pb within permissible limit except the third location which had a cadmium amount of (0.6 mg/kg) while the cadmium permissible level is (0.3 mg/kg). Some farmers use composts (from inorganic sources), fertilizers and plant nutrients in relatively large amounts that are rich in some metals and this might explain some of the higher value of metals in the mint. Moreover, contamination from industrial activities nearby mint farms might also be expected.}, keywords = {Microwave digestion,Method Development,Heavy metals,Mentha,mint,ICP-MS}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_120884.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_120884_cfa6cdd2c8456281ac2e13e0187be0ac.pdf} } @article { author = {Rashad, Ahmed and El Sharkawy, Heba M. and Ebiad, Mohamed A. and El sayed, Hessin A. and Tantawy, Ahmed H. and Hebash, Kaouser A. and El sabagh, Seham M. and Taman, Afaf R.}, title = {Recent trends for clean fuel production by deoxygenation of pure palmitic acid using Ni/C catalyst.}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {2}, pages = {883-892}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2020.40845.2829}, abstract = {Deoxygenation of triglycerides is one of key processes making possible a convenient production of high quality automotive fuels components (sulfur-, oxygen- and aromatics-free). This reaction was studied over non noble metal catalysts 20wt%Ni/C and performed in batch reactor system (autoclave) by using pure palmitic acid, n-hexane as a solvent and 200 psi pressure. The effect of different atmospheres (pure hydrogen, pure nitrogen, and mixture of 50 psiH2/150psiN2) and different temperature range (300 oC-350 oC) under a mixed atmosphere (50 psiH2/150psiN2) were studied in this paper. The main product was n-pentadecane (C15) which the catalyst Ni/C has lower cracking selectivity to light hydrocarbons. The total conversion of carboxylic groups of palmitic acid and the selectivity to C15 in case of pure nitrogen are (22.29% and 12.38%) respectively and in case of hydrogen they are (75.16% and 80.07%) respectively. In case of using H2/N2 as a mixture the total conversion and the selectivity are (81.18% and 75.32%) respectively for Ni/C catalyst. The total conversion increases from 81.18% to 99.99% by increase the temperature from 300 oC to 350 oC. The deoxygenation of palmitic acid over 20wt%Ni/C catalyst indicated that the high selectivity for n-alkane (C15) (75.32%) at 300 oC and reach maximum value (98.11%) at 350oC. Analysis of liquid products by gas chromatography (GC) was used to determine n-alkane (C15) yield and other products (isomeres, olefins and dimers). Insights pertaining to the reaction scheme and an assessment of the reaction products as liquid transportation fuels are also provided in this contribution.}, keywords = {fatty acids,Catalytic deoxygenation,Ni catalysts,Green diesel}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_117238.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_117238_ddb9a12e670f06411fe2a59bffc68153.pdf} } @article { author = {Naji, Amel and Mohammed, Intisar and AL-BAYATY, SUBHI}, title = {Mechanical and Thermal Degradation Kinetic Study of Basalt Filled Polyvinyl Chloride Composite Material}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {2}, pages = {893-901}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2020.35343.2739}, abstract = {Abstract Polymeric composites filled with natural fillers are an emerging area in polymer science, and have recently attracted the attention of researchers. Because of their relatively good service properties, the major contributions of these natural fillers are lowering the cost of composite materials and producing faster molding cycles. In this study, the influence of micro particulate ground basalt rock addition on physical, mechanical, and thermal kinetic properties of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) reinforced basalt rock powder (BRP) composite material was investigated. Results showed that basalt rock powder (BRP) affect the physical, mechanical and thermal properties of the (PVC/BRP) composites. Increasing the BRP loading will produce a relative drop in water absorbability, also decrease the tensile strength and elongation at break, while causing an increase in hardness shore A and compression strength values. Moreover, thermal stability, activation energy, and entropy were increased with increasing BRP as proven by Thermogravemetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis ( DTA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) .}, keywords = {Polyvinylchloride composite,Basalt rock,Thermal Degradation,Mechanical Properties,Thermal stability,Activation energy,Entropy}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_116878.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_116878_18905de7b71d5484561194126f7693a9.pdf} } @article { author = {Mostafa, Asmaa and Shoukry, Eman and Shehata, Mohamed and Mohamed, Eman}, title = {Kinetics, mechanism and DFT calculations on base hydrolysis of -amino acid esters catalyzed by [Pd(TMPDA)(H2O)2]2+}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {2}, pages = {903-912}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2021.53785.3114}, abstract = {Pd(TMPDA)Cl2 (TMPDA = N,N,N`,N`-tetramethyl-1,3-propanediamine) was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis. [Pd(TMPDA)(H2O)2]2+ reacts with amino acid esters (L) to form mixed ligand [Pd(TMPDA)L]2+ complexes. The kinetics of base hydrolysis of [Pd(TMPDA)L]2+ was studied by pH-stat technique and the corresponding rate constants are reported. The coordinated glycine methyl ester is efficiently hydrolyzed, whereas the coordinated methionine methyl ester is hydrolysed with a much lower catalytic activity. The catalytic influence is depended on the mode of coordination of the ester to the palladium complex. Probable mechanisms for these reactions are considered. Activation parameters for the hydrolysis of the coordinated glycine methyl ester were determined experimentally. DFT calculations (B3LYP/LANL2DZ) were applied to determine the possible mechanism of the base hydrolysis of the amino acid esters. The calculations are discussed in reference to the reported experimental data.}, keywords = {N,N`,N`-tetramethyl-1,3-propanediamine,amino acid ester,catalytic hydrolysis}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_140619.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_140619_9f643e78607eae636f5c1d98fbe4bfde.pdf} } @article { author = {Eladasy, Abubaker and Hussein, Abdelhaleem and Ishak, Esam and Hafiz, Ibrahim and Gawish, Emad and Elapasery, Morsy and El-Gaby, Mohamed}, title = {Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New 1,2,4-Triazolo[1,5-a] pyridine and 1,2,4-Triazolo[1,5-a] isoquinolineDerivatives Bearing Diphenyl Sulfide Moiety as Antimicrobial Agents}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {2}, pages = {913-921}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2020.44466.2901}, abstract = {Hydrazone derivative (3) was used as a precursor for the synthesis of novel [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridine deivatives via its reaction with some electrophilic reagents. Treatment of hydrazone derivative (3) with arylidenemalononitriles(4) in the presence of piperidine afforded the 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyridine derivatives (7a-d). Ternary condensation of hydrazone (3), aliphatic aldehyde and malononitrile (1:1:1 molar ratio) in the presence of a basic catalyst furnished the novel 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyridine derivatives (8a,b). Similarly, cyclization of hydrazone (3) with ethyl α-cyanocinnamates (9) (1:1 molar ratio) yields the corresponding 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyridines (10a-c). The hydrazone (3) can be cyclized with appropriate arylazomalononitriles(11) to afford the corresponding 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyridines (14a,b). The behavior of fused thiophene derivative (15) towards electron-poor olefins was investigated. It is has been found that, 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]isoquinoline derivative (17) was obtained by treatment of thiophene derivative (15) with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD). Condensation of compound (15) with N-phenylmalemide furnished pyrrolotriazoloisoquinoline derivative (18). Also, the triazoloisoquinoline derivative (19) was obtained by condensation of compound (15) with chalcone. All the newly synthesized compounds were characterized by analytical and spectral data and evaluated for their antibacterial and antifungal activities in vitro against two Gram-positive bacteria, two Gram negative bacteria as well as two fungi. In general, the newly synthesized compounds showed good antimicrobial activities.}, keywords = {cyanoacetic acid hydrazide,hydrazone,arylidenemalononitrile,antimicrobial activity}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_117242.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_117242_20002d53f478018983da5e852e209285.pdf} } @article { author = {Youssef, Nora and Taha, Lobna and Abd El-Khalek, Sarah}, title = {Secondary metabolites characterization of in vitro propagated Antigonon leptopus cultures}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {2}, pages = {923-932}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2020.45909.2934}, abstract = {This work was conducted on Antigonon leptopus to optimize in vitro propagation conditions for shootlets multiplication and callus culture under effect of some factors such as types of cytokinins (BA and 2ip) at different concentrations (0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mg/l) plus 0.1 mg/l of IBA that were examined for proliferated shoots with high rooting ability. Also, different concentrations of growth regulators (2,4-D, TDZ and NAA) under both light and darkness incubation were evaluated for callus tissues development. The secondary metabolites for both shootlets and callus tissues were estimated. For obtaining shootlet culture development with more proliferation and elongation of shootlets with the highest number of leaves, rooting percent and roots length, MS medium was added with 0.2 mg/l 2ip plus 0.1 mg/l IBA. While, MS supplemented with 0.4 2iP plus 0.1 IBA mg/l resulted in the highest values of all estimated pigments (Chl. a, b, carotenoid and anthocyanin) in shootlets. Using high concentration of 2ip (0.6 mg/1) enhanced the production of phenolic, flavonoids compounds, and antioxidant activity in shootlets. Low concentration of both NAA (2.5 mg/l) and TDZ (1.0 mg/l) under darkness condition produced the highest callus fresh weight. However, the same treatment (NAA at 2.5 mg/l+ TDZ at1mg/l) under light condition caused significant increment of the above-mentioned active compounds in callus tissues. The successfully acclimatized plantlets showed variations in morphological characters due to transferring them to different growth media (peat moss, perlite, clay and sand) in the greenhouse.}, keywords = {Antigonon leptopus,micropropagation,Callus,Active compounds}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_121572.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_121572_0635e0a3ec85b95669fecf9b9c47cdbb.pdf} } @article { author = {Hassan, Mona and Bakeer, Rofanda and Mohammed, Hagar and ِAbdel-Wahhab, Dr. Mossad}, title = {Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Activity and Preventive Role of Milk By- Products Against Nicotine-Induced Alteration in Sexual Hormones and Organs Pathology in Rats}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {2}, pages = {933-940}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2020.42214.2853}, abstract = {This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of skim milk (SM) and permeate (P) in vitro and to evaluate their protective role against nicotine (NT)-induce oxidative stress, disturbances in sex hormones and histological changes in different organs of female rats. Four groups of female rats were treated orally for 4 weeks included the control group, NT-treated group (0.6 mg/kg b.w), NT plus SM-treated group (100 mg/kg b.w) and NT plus P-treated group (200 mg/kg b.w). Blood and tissue samples were collected at the end of the experiment for different analyses. The in vitro results showed that SM and P have a diphenyl 1-2 pieryl- hydrazil (DPPH) scavenging activity in a dose-dependent and SM was more effective than P. The in vivo results showed that NT administration induced a significant reduction in superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) accompanied by significant histological changes in ovary, colon, and urinary bladder. Co-administration of NT plus SM or P could alleviate the histological changes, improved the antioxidants enzyme activity, and normalized FSH and LH. The overall results showed that SM was more effective than P. It could be concluded that these milk by-products can be used as a dietary supplement to reduce the risk of tobacco smoking or tobacco chewing.}, keywords = {Nicotine,Skimmed milk,Permeate,Sex hormones,antioxidant,Pathological changes}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_116883.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_116883_cdd83d4f2b162e45c7aacacdbf25e003.pdf} } @article { author = {Youssef, Fady and Mohamed, Gehad and Ismail, Sameh and Elzorba, Hisham and Galal, Ahmed and Elbanna, Hossny}, title = {Synthesis, Characterization and In vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Florfenicol-Chitosan Nanocomposite}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {2}, pages = {941-948}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2020.43238.2883}, abstract = {In this paper, rapid, easy and cheap sonochemical method was described for synthesis of florfenicol-chitosan nanocomposite and evaluating its anti-bacterial effect against Escherichia coli (ATCC35218), Salmonella typhymurium (ATCC14028) and Staph. aureus (ATCC29213). Florfenicol-chitosan nanocomposite was full characterized for index, identification and morphology properties. Characterization results showed zeta sizing of florfenicol was 30.6 nm, while florfenicol-chitosan nanocomposite was 67.22 nm with zeta potential -14.5 and -28, respectively. Brunner-Emmett-Teller theory (BET) surface area was found to be 13.3, 73.2 and 103.69 m2/g for florfenicol, chitosan nanoparticles and florfenicol-chitosan nanocomposite, respectively. Raman charts confirmed the formation of florfenicol-chitosan nanocomposite without any contamination. Transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) images and data illustrated spherical to sub spherical shape of florfenicol nanoparticles on sheet shape of chitosan with size less than 75 nm. Remarkable results of florfenicol-chitosan nanocomposite as anti-bacterial agent illustrated the power of nanotechnology. However, antimicrobial activity was screened where the zone of inhibitions caused by the prepared nanocomposite were 24.7 mm, 30.6 mm and 29.3 mm compared to 17.7 mm, 16 mm and 18.7 mm of the native drug against E. coli, Salmonella typhymurium and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively.}, keywords = {florfenicol,Chitosan nanoparticles,Florfenicol-chitosan nanocomposite,antimicrobial activity, Microscopic techniques}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_119987.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_119987_1e082a643d806f9d57be60d492c7aef5.pdf} } @article { author = {Abbas, Hayam and Abd El -Hamid, Laila and kasse, jihan and Salama, Mohamed}, title = {Vital Lipids Contents in Buffalo Butter Oil and its Fractions Prepared by Dry Fractionation}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {2}, pages = {949-956}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2020.44344.2932}, abstract = {The fractionation of butter oil to specific fractions is needed recently to multiply its uses and the requirement of its interchangeability. This article is concerning with the distribution of bioactive lipids in buffalo butter- oil and its fractions prepared by the dry fractionation technique. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two samples of fresh buffalo milk were collected, divided into 4 composite samples and then converted to butter oil. Each butter oil sample was fractionated to four fractions: solid fraction at 35°C (S35), solid fraction at 25°C (S25), solid fraction at 15°C (S15) and liquid fraction at 15°C (L15). Fatty acids profile was assayed included butyric acid (BA), short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), odd & branched chain fatty acids (OBCFAs) and Trans fatty acids by using GC-MS apparatus. Results: Data revealed that L15 had a higher content of CLA as conjugated diene and triene fatty acids, while S25 contained higher content of total OBCFAs as compared to all other fractions. Conclusion: Dry fractionation lead to marked differences in the distribution of bioactive lipids in buffalo butter oil and its fractions. Each fraction could be used for specific purposes in food industries according to its melting properties and its healthy benefit}, keywords = {fatty acids,bioactive lipids,CLA,buffalo milk,milk fat,Butter oil,dry fractionation}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_123804.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_123804_55d32b7a619ab53b835f56edf0d68300.pdf} } @article { author = {Labib, Hala and Ahmed, Hytham and Elshamy, Yousef and Talaat, Wael and Belal, Tarek}, title = {Validated HPLC and HPTLC Methods for the Determination of Agomelatine in Bulk and Tablets}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {2}, pages = {957-969}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2020.42028.2845}, abstract = {The present study represents validated simple, rapid and reliable chromatographic methods for analysis of the antidepressant drug agomelatine (AGO) in bulk powder and in tablet dosage form. Method I involved application of RP-HPLC with diode array detection where Agilent Zorbax Eclipse-C18 column (4.6 × 150 mm, 5 μm) was used as stationary phase at ambient temperature (25±5). The mobile phase was composed of phosphate buffer (0.05 M, pH 3) and acetonitrile in the ratio 60:40 (v/v) and was pumped isocratically at 1 mL/min. In method II, HPTLC plates (20 × 10 cm, aluminum plates with 250-μm thickness precoated with silica gel 60 F254) was used as stationary phase with mobile phase composed of chloroform: methanol (9.3: 0.7, v/v). Detection was carried out at 230 nm in both methods. The structurally related melatonin was used as internal standard (IS) in both methods. The developed methods were validated according to International Conference of Harmonization (ICH) guidelines with respect to linearity, ranges, accuracy, precision, robustness and limits of detection and quantitation. Linearity ranges were 0.5-3 μg/mL and 25-200 ng/spot in method I and method II respectively. Limits of detection and quantitation were 0.081 and 0.25 μg/mL for method I and 4.65 and 14.11 ng/spot for method II, respectively. Intra and inter-day precision were verified by the RSD% values which were less than 2%. The methods were implemented for assay of AGO tablet dosage form with no observable interferences.}, keywords = {HPLC,HPTLC,Agomelatine,bulk,Tablets,validation}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_119986.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_119986_0f37a69f123c4a1e0269d736e9ce9bec.pdf} } @article { author = {el sayed, elham and Hassan, Helmy and Abd El Raof, Abd ElRhman and Salman, Salma}, title = {Coupling Between Laser Irradiation and TiO2 Nanoparticles on Efficient Decontamination of Some Pesticide's Residues from Orange and Tomato Puree}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {2}, pages = {971-979}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2020.45989.2941}, abstract = {In this paper, we focused on the development of photocatalytic degradation to be a promising method for the treatment of decontaminated fruits and vegetables with pesticides. We investigate the coupling between Laser irradiation with TiO2 nanoparticles catalyst in order to study the photocatalytic degradation of metalaxyl, chlorpyrifos, and diazinon from artificially contaminated tomato puree and orange puree. Degradation products were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The influences of different parameters such as catalyst concentration, irradiation time on the reaction rate were ascertained and optimum conditions for maximum degradation were determined. The degradation percentage of all pesticides was achieved under optimized conditions (1g/L catalyst at the irradiation time of 120 min). The study proved that the coupling between TiO2 nanoparticles and laser irradiation has a high potential for photocatalytic degradation of diazinon, chlorpyrifos, and metalaxyl from orange puree and tomato puree. And also, proved that the efficient degradation of pesticide residues increased with an increase in laser irradiation time (for 60 min) and catalyst (TiO2nanoparticles) dosage in all experiments. Maximum reduction >80% was observed in diazinon in all puree treatments. The processing factor (PFs) was generally less than one which indicates that all processes can reduce pesticide residues in all puree treatments. The less efficient removal of pesticides residues from all treatments without Laser irradiation (dark TiO2100mg) We concluded that the optimum conditions for the photodegradation of diazinon, chlorpyrifos, and metalaxyl in all puree treatments were TiO2100mg catalyst concentration and after 60 min of laser irradiation.}, keywords = {photocatalysis,laser irradiation,Pesticides residues,Titanium dioxide nanoparticles,PFS}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_122313.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_122313_62517f3bd7ea26399070877ff9e7289f.pdf} } @article { author = {Ahmed, Ahmed and Hassan, Ali and Nour, Mohammed}, title = {Utilization of Chitosan Extracted from Shrimp Shell Waste in Wastewater Treatment as Low Cost Biosorbent}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {2}, pages = {981-988}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2020.43166.2871}, abstract = {Chitin, which is the second most abundant biopolymer next to cellulose, and can be extracted commercially from the shells of crustacean (such as crabs, shrimps, prawns, krill), insects, fungi, and yeast. It can be converted into chitosan by partially deacetylation process. chitosan, has unique and distinctive features like, biodegradability, nontoxicity, high reactivity, excellent chelation behavior due to the presence of amine and hydroxyl functional groups which show high adsorption potential for various aquatic pollutions, and low cost in comparison with other adsorbents. Chitosan was successfully produced in the laboratory from shell waste. The yield was about 42.34 gm dry chitosan with ratio of 15.3% from the dry shells. The produced chitosan has good solubility in 1% acetic acid solution, it achieved up to 96.3%. It has % D.D.A. with value of 63% to 80%. However, it has good performance in removal of metals from industrial wastewater, it is not recommended to use it in the raw form due to presence of undesirable characters; such as low mechanical strength, swelling, and solubility in acidic media. chitosan/Activated carbon composite overcome these undesirable features in chitosan and gave good performance in the remediation of wastewater.}, keywords = {Shrimp shell,Chitosan,Composite,chitin,deacetylation,Wastewater}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_117977.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_117977_5abe43d50dc14e9ad18c1d2fd4f54e4f.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdel-Mottaleb, Mohamed Sabry and Abdel-Mottaleb, Yousra}, title = {Impact of magnesium, zinc, selenium, copper, and iodine food supplements on SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 viruses and their adducts with human ACE2 enzyme: A Computational Based Investigation}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {2}, pages = {989-996}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2020.39235.2802}, abstract = {In a search for drugs of the potential impact on SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, we have chosen different forms of metal-based food supplements to investigate. We computed their binding to specific peptide sequences of the spike virus S-protein: angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) interface-drug binding adduct. Manual docking was applied. The chosen molecules located themselves to achieve minimum energy geometries, resulting in limiting the viral recognition of the host cells or disturbing the host-virus interactions. Based on the HOMO – LUMO frontier orbitals, we successfully used the computed reactivity indices to explain the simulation results. The results are compared with that similarly simulated interactions between the protein/protein and the experimentally allowed remdesivir drug that has been granted emergency use authorization by the FDA. These computationally based findings also suggest that the simple computational indices and methods could point to promising medicines to help with the fight against COVID-19. However, in vivo and in vitro, experimental validation is now required.}, keywords = {Viral S proteins,Food supplements,Organometallics,Frontier orbitals,Reactivity indices,Binding energy}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_117236.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_117236_95cff44f27557cdfd62f761844f4743f.pdf} } @article { author = {Hasan, Mona and Abdel Hamid, Zeinab and Thabet, Sayed and Ibrahim, Ahmed and Maamoun, Maamoun A.}, title = {The Concept, Deposition Routes, and Applications of Superhydrophobic Surfaces – Review}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {2}, pages = {997-1018}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2020.39234.2803}, abstract = {The superhydrophobic surface (SHS) is the surface with a high apparent contact angle (> 150 °), low hysteresis in the contact angle (< 10 °), and low sliding angle. Owing to many applications of SHS (such as water-resistant surfaces, antifogging surfaces, anti-icing surfaces, anticorrosion surfaces, etc.), the artificial SHS could be prepared. This review article focuses on the deposition, behavior and application of the SHS. It includes an introduction, fundamental principles of superhydrophobicity, main factors for SHS fabrications, deposition methods used to prepare the SHS, and factors affecting the electrochemical synthesis of electroconducting polymers. Moreover, the mechanism of the electrochemical synthesis of polymers, applications of SHS in different fields, and the stability of SHS have been presented. Finally, the challenges of SHS have been discussed.}, keywords = {Superhydrophobic surfaces (SHS),Wetting behavior,low surface energy material,conducting polymer,Polyaniline,Polypyrrol}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_117235.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_117235_47e54e00900708a3e2affe2b5123096a.pdf} } @article { author = {Doma, Hala and elkammah, Hala}, title = {Biological Treatment for Slaughterhouse Wastewater Via Horizontal Flow Biofilm Reactor}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {2}, pages = {1019-1026}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2020.40550.2823}, abstract = {Slaughterhouse wastewater (SWW) is a typical source of pollution and creates serious environmental concerns. Therefore, SWW needs a cost effective and efficient treatment technology for safe discharge and consequently for public health protection. The aim of the study was to evaluate the treatment of SWW by two steps, first one was primary treatment by screening and settling followed by biological treatment using of Horizontal Flow Biofilm Reactor (HFBR) as a second step. A significant review of raw SWW characteristics was presented, COD, BOD and TSS concentrations values were very high its maximum values reached 9855, 5037 and 3440 mg/l, respectively. The primary treatment removed 34% COD and 75% TSS. The performance of HFBR system has been investigated in continuous mode. The system was operated at two different organic loading rates to find out the optimum operating conditions, which produce treated effluent characterization compatible with the Egyptian legislation for discharge on sewerage network. The organic loads (OLR) applied to the HFBR system were 0.53 and 1.3 kg COD/m2/d. During the steady-state of optimum operating conditions, the system achieved significant carbon removal of 85% and 95% for COD and TSS respectively. Nitrogen removal percentage reached 50% ammonia-nitrogen and 56% for total nitrogen. From the results obtained HFBR could be considered as a reliable treatment technology for SWW.}, keywords = {Key Words: Slaughterhouse,Wastewater,biological treatment,HFBR,Biodegradability}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_116879.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_116879_360255025b90ce4025ffd919711804fb.pdf} } @article { author = {Saleh, Mohamed O. and Hashem, Mohamed A. and Akl, Magda}, title = {Removal of Hg (II) metal ions from environmenta water samples using chemically modified natural sawdust}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {2}, pages = {1027-1034}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2020.43131.2868}, abstract = {Chemically modified natural saw dust (CMSD) was prepared via hydrothermal reaction between citric acid and sawdust then the CMSD characterized using some qualified techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and FT-IR. The adsorption capability of modified sawdust towards Hg(II) was significantly increased because of the introduction of carboxylic groups on CMSD’ surface during the modification, and the adsorption capability was linearly reliant on carboxylic sites level to some extent. The prepared CMSD was employed for uptake of Hg2+ from different samples. Sorption parameters; which include pH, temperature, sorption’s time and sorption’s concentration were evaluated to determine the best conditions for sorption. In addition, the sorption uptake of CMSD was 80 mg g-1. The samples including Hg2+ was used as analytical applications on the present method and the observed-data is promising.}, keywords = {Chemically modified natural saw dust (CMSD),heavy metal ions,solid phase extraction}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_121571.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_121571_dfb6f3a74b752eddbc4d882884d0477a.pdf} } @article { author = {zahran, magdy and Negm, Nabel and Mahmoud Abbas, Wael and Abd El-Raouf, Mohammed}, title = {Physicochemical Characteristics And Fuel Performance Of (Castor- Linseed Biofuel)-Petroleum Fuel Mixture}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {2}, pages = {1035-1039}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2020.40373.2817}, abstract = {In this study, the physicochemical characteristics and fuel performance of castor-linseed biofuel were studied in different mixing ratio by petroleum fuel. Firstly, the properties of the mixed castor oil biofuel-linseed oil biofuel were investigated including: density, specific gravity, viscosity, boiling point, pour point, cloud point, flash point, fire and smoke points. The change in the studied properties by gradual addition of the prepared biofuel to petroleum fuel was investigated and correlated to several factors. The study showed the ability of mixing castor-linseed mixed biofuel and petroleum fuel up to 30% (biofuel) with the stability of the required properties of the final fuel to be in accordance with the ASTM fuel specifications.}, keywords = {Castor oil,linseed oil,biofuel,Fuel properties,petroleum diesel}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_120454.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_120454_31a38f5895203d8224a115e6bf9f652b.pdf} } @article { author = {zahran, magdy and Negm, Nabel and Mahmoud Abbas, Wael and Raouf, Mohamed}, title = {Influence of chemical structure on physical properties of homogeneously converted (Castor-Linseed) mixed biofuel under optimized conditions}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {2}, pages = {1041-1046}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2020.40386.2819}, abstract = {In this study, different mixtures of castor oil and linseed oil were converted into their corresponding biofuel throughout homogeneous catalytic reaction using sodium hydroxide as homogeneous catalyst in the presence of methyl alcohol under optimized condition. The mechanism of the transesterification reaction of the oils was proposed. The physical properties of the obtained biodiesels were determined according to ASTM fuel specification. The results showed that the gradual increase in the abundance of castor oil in the oil mixture from 10% to 90% decreases the most of properties of the obtained biofuels to meet the standard values. The study presented a good sight into the preparation of biodiesels from various types of mixed vegetable oils.}, keywords = {transesterification,homogeneous catalyst,biofuel,Physical properties}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_120455.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_120455_491c01b159e7bdfb3a7b79218ef91bdb.pdf} } @article { author = {Abd Elnabi, Amany and Badawy, Mohamed and Saad, Abdel-Fattah and Mohamed, Sondos}, title = {Efficacy of Some Pyrethroid Nanoemulsions against cotton Leafworm Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.): Toxicity, Biochemical and Molecular Docking Studies}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {2}, pages = {1047-1055}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2020.45275.2946}, abstract = {Although pesticides are favorable for controlling the pests because more than 30– 40 % of the Although pesticides are favorable for pest controlling because more than 30– 40 % of the food production is lost due to pests, however, the extensive use of pesticides has harmful effects on the environment and health. Recently, nanotechnology techniques are used in developing agrochemical formulations, nanoemulsions as new approach have attracted great attention in delivery of many poorly soluble in water active compounds. In this study some most widely used pyrethroid insecticides (cypermethrin, deltamethrin and lambdacyhalothrin) were formulated as nanoemulsions by high energy method (ultrasonication). The droplet sizes of prepared nanoemulsions have been investigated by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), characterization result reveals the size of particles in the range 24.42-84.99 nm. Formulated nanoemulsions in comparative with the active ingredient (ai) and emulsifier concentrate (EC) were evaluated against 4th instar larvae of S. littoralis, and the in vivo activity levels of targeted enzymes, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and adenosine triphosphate (ATPase) were studied in two bioassay methods (leaf dipping and topical application). Our finding showed that cypermethrin nanoemulsion has the highest activity with LC50 = 19.92 mg/l and LD50= 2.11 ng/lavra. Furthermore, the developed nano-formulation showed good toxicity levels on AChE and ATPase compared to the active ingredient and EC formulations. The protein-ligands docking were also studied and the docking poses showed that the insecticides had a good binding affinity to the active site of the target enzymes. On this basis, these results suggest that oil in water (O/W) nanoemulsions would be very useful and can be applied for delivery insecticide formulations.}, keywords = {Nanoemulsion,Pyrethroid insecticides,Spodoptera littoralis,Biochemical studies,docking}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_123148.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_123148_3d1c0afc834de366727d56ea1d40ef7f.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdelaziz, Mohamed and Shalabi, Ahmed and Radwan, Abdlatef and Khaled, Elmorsy and Hassan, Rabeay}, title = {Biosynthesis and Bio-sensing Applications of Silver and Gold Metal Nanoparticles}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {2}, pages = {1057-1063}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2020.43379.2878}, abstract = {Biogenic nanoparticles have gained major interest because of their eco-friendly approach, as non-toxic chemicals are involved in the biosynthesis, and the preparation process carried out at ambient pressure and temperature. In the present study, two fungal strains (MM1and MM2) showed the ability to biosynthesize silver and gold nanoparticles, respectively, were isolated from local Egyptian soil samples. These two fungi were identified by the molecular technique 18srRNA as Aspergillus terreus isolate MM1-EGY and Aspergillus flavus isolate MM2-EGY. The biosynthesized silver nanoparticles by Aspergillus terreus isolate MM1-EGY exhibited UV absorbance around 420 nm and particle size range of 15-35 nm as measured by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). On the other hand, gold nanoparticles biosynthesized by Aspergillus flavus isolate MM2-EGY showed maximum UV/Vis absorbance around 550 nm and size range of 20-50 nm. The XRD of both AgNPs and AuNPS was constructed. The green synthesized gold nanoparticles were tested for sensitive and selective simultaneous voltammetric determination of neurotransmitter metabolite, vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) and homovanillic acids (HVA), while silver nanoparticles were applied for the fabrication of disposable screen-printed Ag/AgCl planner reference electrode.}, keywords = {Biosynthesis,silver nanoparticles,Gold nanoparticles,fungi,XRD,SEM,Biosensor}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_121164.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_121164_a08efa22d4b965809753bf576cdf70eb.pdf} } @article { author = {Hassan, AbdAllah and Ghayad, Ibrahim and Maamoun, Maamoun and Abdel Hamid, Zeinab and El-Saeed, Fatma El-Zahraa and Abdel-Khalek, Ahmed}, title = {Preparation and Characterization of Ni-diamond Composite Coatings Using Sedimentation Co-deposition Technique Alternative to Conventional Electrodeposition Technique}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {2}, pages = {1065-1073}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2020.33984.2722}, abstract = {Composite coatings are the techniques involving co-deposition of inert particles with metal/alloy in order to promote the hardness, wear and corrosion resistance of the coatings. Micro crystalline Ni based composite coatings were prepared by conventional electrodeposition method from a Watt's-type electrolyte containing different contents of diamond particles. A modified electro-deposition method called sedimentation co-deposition (SCD) was also used to deposit Ni-diamond composite coatings having more diamond particles in the Ni matrix. Results show that Ni-diamond composite coating prepared by the SCD method contains quite high content of diamond (67-97%) as evidenced by EDS analysis. In contrary the traditional electrodeposition method shows low content of diamond (≈10-20%). The wear and corrosion resistance of the SCD Ni-diamond coating are markedly decreased in comparison to the conventionally electrodeposited coatings.}, keywords = {Composite coatings,conventional electrodeposition,sedimentation co-deposition,Corrosion Resistance}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_117233.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_117233_ed8ea12b8567b8e65f33ddad98fce6ee.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Hennawi, Heba Mohammed El-Sayed}, title = {New Approaches of Biotechnology in Textile Coloration}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {2}, pages = {1075-1091}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2020.34098.2714}, abstract = {The application of biotechnology in the textile processing is gaining worldwide detection as one of the hopeful approaches to pollution issue and cost reduction . Hydrolase enzymes as amylases , pectinase and cellulase have been successfully used in the wet process over the past 40 years. The application of these enzymes in one bath is the new challenge. laccases enzymes are used in biosynthesis and decolourization of textile effluents. Application of enzyme in hydrolysis of starch thickeners which is the main component of printing paste enzyme are one of the promising area. Green synthesis of dyes, in-situ coloration, polymer grafting are the new trend of enzymes application as it produce smart colored textile. Application of biotechnology in textile is the solution of almost all the problems of this industry. The enzymes researches illustrate improvement in product quality at shorter times and lower energy and water consumption. This state of art highlights the novel approaches of application of enzymes in the textile coloration and industry covering both current researches and pilot application.}, keywords = {enzyme .colour removal,printing.discharge printing,Pretreatment}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_122763.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_122763_00aca8eeacf97452b75df5a868f091ab.pdf} } @article { author = {Mohamed, Mohamed and Ramadan, Ahmed and Assem, Yasser}, title = {Soybean Oil-based Polyol as a Modified Natural Binder for Polyurethane Turf-adhesive}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Chemistry}, volume = {64}, number = {2}, pages = {1093-1099}, year = {2021}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT}, issn = {0449-2285}, eissn = {2357-0245}, doi = {10.21608/ejchem.2020.31470.2670}, abstract = {Polyurethane turf adhesive is a two-component system formed by reacting diisocyante and petroleum-based polyether polyol. This polyol can be replaced by soybean oil as one of the main economical and common oils. In this article, soybean oil was epoxidized followed by oxirane ring-opening in the presence of methyl alcohol and orthophosphoric acid as a catalyst in order to create hydroxyl groups in the soybean oil which are responsible for reaction with the diisocyanate molecules. The epoxidation step was confirmed by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and iodine value measurements. Iodine value was decreased from 135.6 g/100 g of neat soybean oil to be 5.98 g/100 g of epoxidized soybean oil. In addition, the effect of orthophosphoric acid contents (0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0%, 1.2%) on the ring-opening steps was investigated, considering the same reaction time, the same alcohol concentration and constant temperature. Successful oxirane ring-opening was confirmed by oxirane oxygen content (OOC) values which were decreased from 6.72% to 2.93%, 1.45%, 0.60% & 0.04% respectively. Hydroxyl value of oil-based polyols (OHV) were increased from 131, 180, 208 & 229 mg KOH/g respectively. Meanwhile, ATR-FTIR showed disappearance of the oxirane rings and appearance of hydroxyl groups as indication of polyol formation in the four samples. The four polyol samples were applied as modified natural binders in polyurethane turf adhesive formulations and showed comparable results against the standard and commercially used product SubFix 411.}, keywords = {polyurethane,Turf adhesive,soybean oil,epoxidation,Polyol,Oxirane ring-opening,Orthophosphoric acid}, url = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_121163.html}, eprint = {https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_121163_f41e3f5fc807ca48dc2a7aa2925c3f6b.pdf} }