Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1
Head of the First Aid Lab, National Museum of Egyptian Civilization, Ministry of Antiquities
2
conservation department ,Faculty of Archaeology,Cairo Unversity conservation department ,Faculty of Archaeology,Cairo Unversity
3
Conservation Department, Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo University
4
A Head of the central administration for maintenance and restoration, Ministry of Antiquities, Cairo, Egypt
Abstract
This research will shed light on the study of a Roman Stucco death mask from the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization, (the case study). This mask consists of three different layers (a layer of linen threads, a layer of gesso, and a layer of painting and gilding. The mask has Many deterioration aspects such as separations, cracks, discoloration, brittleness in the layers and losses in some painted parts. Many examination and analytical methods such as USB Digital microscope, X-ray diffraction (XRPD), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Portable x-ray fluorescence (XRF Spectroscopy) and Scanning Electronic Microscope with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM.EDX) were used to identify the chemical composition, deterioration aspects and implementation techniques of the stucco mask. Conclusions drawn through the analytical results confirm that gypsum and calcite are the essential components of the studied stucco mask, many pigment mixtures were used for painting the stucco mask, as; pigments of Huntite, Realgar, Goethite, and Hematite were mixed to give the beige color degree of the face. As well, as the pigments mixture of Realgar, Hematite Lazurite and Azurite to give the mixture of the violet color. Vine black pigment was used to give the dark color degree of the hair, and the stratigraphic sequence of the gilding layers was also known. It was also noted that animal glue was used as a medium for all pigments.
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