Efficient CPE-ICP OES Determination of Palladium (II) in Environmental Samples Using Schiff Base Ligand and Triton X-114

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt

Abstract

In this study, a conjugated methodology of both cloud point extraction and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (CPE-ICP-OES) was employed for the ultra-trace determination of Pd2+ in various environmental samples. The N, N'-(1, 2-phenylene) bis (3-amino benzamide Schiff base, (A1) was utilized to form red colored [PdII-(A1)2] complex, at pH 4. Initially, the complex was isolated in the surfactant-rich layer by applying a nonionic surface-active agent, Triton X-114. Furthermore, the surfactant-rich layer was eluted using 1 mol/L HNO3 and the concentration of Pd2+ was, then, determined using ICP-OES. The different experimental variables affecting the CPE were investigated as the solution acidity, the concentration of metal ion, chelating ligand and the surface-active agent, the different types of surface-active agents, temperature, and centrifugation time. The analytical detection limit of Pd2+ was found to be 0.0213µg/L, with a pre-concentration factor of 100. The recovery (%) of the Pd2+ is >95% and the relative standard deviation (RSD, %) is <1%. The proposed CPE-ICP OES has been successfully applied for the determination of Pd2+in real water samples. The plausible mechanism of interaction between the [PdII-(A1)2] complex and TX-114 is elucidated.

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History

  • Receive Date: 15 February 2023
  • Revise Date: 20 March 2023
  • Accept Date: 23 March 2023

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