ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Review on the Manufacture of Particleboard from Agro-Wastes Using Different Adhesives
THE RISING concern towards environmental issues and on the other hand, the need for more versatile polymer–based materials has led to increasing interest about polymer composites filled with natural-organic fillers coming from renewable and biodegradable sources. This review illustrates the main paths and results of researches for manufacturing of particleboard from agro wastes using different synthetic and natural adhesives,as well as appropriate references for further in-depth studies
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_1039_5a3d50f5f5b3e332f0afa2aff7505d70.pdf
2014-07-01
165
176
10.21608/ejchem.2014.1039
particleboard
composites
rice straw
Ureaformaldehyde resin
Poly (methylenediphenyl diisocyanate)
Polypropylene and Polyethylene
Soyaprotein adhesive
Polylactic acid adhesives and Starch adhesive
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Physicochemical and Catalytic Characteristics of Immobilized Monometallic and Bimetallic Nickel Nanoparticles on Different Supports
IN THIS work pure Ni from different precursors and mixed Ni/Cu, … Ni/Co nano metals were prepared from their chlorides supported on silica from rice straw (RSS) or cation exchange resin (RNa+). The prepared catalysts were characterized by using XRD and TEM. The catalytic activity was tested in H2O2 decomposition. The results revealed that the obtained metals were in nano size. The results of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide showed that the activity of nano nickel catalyst prepared from chloride was more than that from sulfate and nitrate. The most active catalyst among all the prepared samples was Co-Ni/RSS.
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_1040_0ef5b5ed95a9b59a68106dcef7c73407.pdf
2014-07-01
177
198
10.21608/ejchem.2014.1040
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Single Step Solid Combustion Route for Preparing Nanosized NiO.
THE COMBUSTION synthesis technique using glycine and ……..urea as fuels and nickel nitrate as an oxidizer is able to produce nano crystallite nickel oxide powder. The effects of fuel type, fuel-to- oxidizer ratios (F/O) and temperatures on phase composition and crystallite size of the combustion products were investigated. Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) were performed to analyze the thermal behaviors of the starting materials. The products were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Particle Size Analyzer (PSI), Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and surface area measurements. Optimization processes showed that the best F/O was 1:1 for glycine and 4:1 for urea. The best temperature was 400 °C to obtain crystallite size in nano scale, i.e. 13.4 nm for powder produced using urea with high surface area 83.8 m2/g and 23.7 nm using glycine with surface area 40.6 m2/g. On the other hand, the combustion process in absence of fuel is not efficient in preparing nano nickel oxide. Comparison with previous studies shows that our preparation method is efficient than the commonly used method.
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_1041_a9a6d667b2b8a0c7726633c52780b6f2.pdf
2014-07-01
199
214
10.21608/ejchem.2014.1041
Combustion
urea
Glycine
Nickel oxide and Nanoparticles
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Assessment of Physico-chemical Processes for Treatment and Reuse of Greywater
THE PRESENT study deals with real greywater that was ……collected from five flats and connected to a pilot plant. The research study aims at evaluation of greywater treatment and reuse using diverse phico-chemical treatment process including sedimentation, coagulation/flocculation and Fenton`s reaction. The study includes the evaluation of different settling times using two successive sedimentation tanks that received raw greywater. The chemical coagulation phase includes lime and lime aided with ferric chloride as well as advanced oxidation (as Fenton’s reaction). The experimental method involves monitoring of specific water quality constituents, under varying operating conditions, at different sedimentation periods and different chemicals doses to reach the sustainable approach. Greywater treatment was examined first in batch experiments to determine the optimum operating conditions including: the settling time, the dose of lime (CaO), ferric chloride (FeCl3), and Fenton’s reaction [Fe2(SO4)3.H2O2]. The obtained optimum conditions were implemented throughout the pilot plant investigation.The pilot plant study was performed at a settling time of 3.0 hr, the removal rates shifted from the initials 64.5, 30.1, 19.4 and 31.7% to 71.3, 25.5, 29.6 and 49.1% for the TSS, COD, BOD5 and oil & grease, respectively. Such treatment was not sufficient to reach the characteristics of non-restricted reuse. By increasing the settling time to 4.5 hr, better removal efficiency could be achieved namely; 66.5%, 40.3%, 38.5%, and 50.2%, successively. To enhance the treatment efficiency of the above system; lime was added at 160 mg/l where the characteristics of the final effluent could cope with the permissible level of the 2nd group (secondary wastewater treatment) for irrigation reuse according to the “Egyptian Guideline”. Combination of chemical treatment using lime (160 mg/l) aided with ferric chloride (100 mg/l) with sedimentation (4.5 hours) was carried out. The obtained results showed that the removal rates of TSS, COD, BOD and oil & grease enhanced to 94.9, 91.8, 94.2 and 97.2%, successively. The E. coli count and the number of cells or eggs of Nimatoda in the final effluent reached 100/ml and 1 count/l, respectively. The final effluent could cope with the permissible level, 1st Class (advanced wastewater treatment), for non-restricted water.reuse according to the “Egyptian Guideline for wastewater reuse”. Present study proves that chemical coagulation could successfully approach the objectives of treatment while mutually saves space, energy and labors.
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_1042_307a32a4e616bbc040cb86c7d71a1a55.pdf
2014-07-01
215
231
10.21608/ejchem.2014.1042
Greywater treatment
Water reuse
Sedimentation
Chemical coagulation
lime
Ferric chloride and Fenton’s reaction
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Environmental Assessment of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediment along Discharge Basin of Suez Oil Refinery Company, Southwest of the Suez Gulf
ACCORDING to the IMO declaration, the Gulf area is the most sensitive and oil-polluted area in the world. Sediment samples were collected from five stations at different distances along discharge basin of Suez Oil petroleum Company (SOPC), in 2012-2013 and the concentrations of poly-aromatic hydrocarbons were determined by HPLC analysis. The concentrations of ΣPAHs were higher than the guideline value 4022 ng/g, due to the aromatic outlet to discharge basin. The concentration of PAHs in the sediments ranged between 22333.983 and 73597.864 ng/g. dry weights with 43016.278 ng/g. dry weights as the average concentration was greater than the guideline; thus, the study area is classified highly polluted. Concentration of the most PAH components were above the ER-L, ER-M, TEL and PEL values in all the sampling stations. The PAHs profiles showed that the Ʃ 2-3&4 rings compounds were the major PAHs detected in discharge basin of SOPC. Characteristic ratios of Ant/ (Ant+ Phe), and Flu/ (Flu + Pyr) indicated that PAHs could originate from petrogenic and pyrolytic sources. Petroleum contamination associated with increased industrial processes beside, continuous discharge of the refinery’s effluents related by oily smuggling with water to bottom sediments of the discharge basin, without completely treated or degraded easily through weathering processing, which can have side-effects on the ecosystems and human safety, must be controlled.
https://ejchem.journals.ekb.eg/article_1043_2f3810f19750d86acf545261066c0c9b.pdf
2014-07-01
233
255
10.21608/ejchem.2014.1043
PAHs
SOPC
bottom sediment
Pyrogenic
Petrogenic
Mixed pyrogenic and petrogenic
ERL
PEL
IMO and Guideline value